On Sex Variations in Excitation Process Composition

1929 ◽  
Vol 75 (311) ◽  
pp. 693-696
Author(s):  
W. Burridge
Keyword(s):  
Excitation Process ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Process Composition ◽  
Selection Of

Physiologists, when experimenting with the frog, customarily make selection of one sex. This, being done to ensure constancy of experimental conditions, presumes the possible existence of a sexual modification of results—a presumption I find justified, for, having over many years simply selected the frog of largest size, which one day was male and another female, I can record the following variations of results according to sex.

Expert System for EPMA

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
C. Fournier ◽  
C. Merlet ◽  
P.F. Staub ◽  
O. Dugne
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sample Composition ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Accuracy Of Results ◽  
Short Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

Analysis parameters for an electron microprobe are numerous, and the accuracy of the quantitative analysis is very sensitive to the selection of these experimental conditions. The expert system intends to optimize the choice of each analysis parameter as well as to automate the phases of a quantitative analysis on all kinds of materials. To summarise, the aim of the expert system is to simplify the procedures, improve the accuracy of results and control the analysis time. The figure 1 illustrates the various stages of the expert system.The starting point of the expert system is an interactive questionnaire concerning the sample,( ie, what is already known), and about the expectations on the analysis,( ie, the accuracy of the results and/or the duration of the analysis required by the operator). Then, the expert system performs a semi-quantitative analysis on the sample. Based on the acquisition of a wavelength qualitative spectrum, this method is a way to obtain the sample composition in a short time with the advantages of the WDS system, and with a reasonable accuracy.

Utilizing ultrafiltration to remove alkaline phosphatase from clinical analyzer water

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Bôle ◽  
Stéphane Mabic
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) conjugated to antibodies is often used in enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). These assays are notably sensitive to experimental conditions. A possible source of interference is bacterial ALP, which is released when bacterial contamination occurs in clinical analyzers. Preliminary experiments led to the selection of a detection kit, ALP source, and specific types of tubes for collecting water samples and performing assays. The release of ALP from various strains of bacteria identified in pure water was demonstrated (10–30×10

Dorsal Light Response as an Index of Prey Preference in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1860-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Vinyard ◽  
W. John O’brien
Keyword(s):  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Prey Preference ◽  
Planktivorous Fish ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Comparison Of Results ◽  
Prey Length ◽  
Actual Selection ◽  
Selection Of

An apparatus utilizing the variation in the dorsal light response of sight-feeding planktivorous fish when exposed to prey of various lengths, was used to measure the predator’s interest in particular prey. Comparison of results with actual selection of prey by fish under experimental conditions confirms the importance of prey length in determining the preference of these predators.

scholarly journals The impact of adding front-of-package sodium content labels to grocery products: an experimental study

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Goodman ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Rhona Hanning ◽  
Judy Sheeshka
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Numeric Information ◽  
Grocery Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Colour Coding

AbstractObjectiveCanadians consume approximately twice the daily Adequate Intake of sodium. The present study examined the efficacy of four types of front-of-package (FOP) sodium labels at influencing consumers’ selection of products low v. high in sodium.DesignParticipants were randomly assigned to one of five experimental conditions: (i) control condition with no FOP label; (ii) basic numeric FOP label; (iii) numeric FOP label with ‘high’ and ‘low’ sodium content descriptors; (iv) detailed Traffic Light (TL) label with colour coding, content descriptors and numeric information; and (v) simple TL label with no numeric information. Participants were shown pairs of grocery products that varied in sodium content and told they could choose a free sample. Selection of the low-sodium v. the high-sodium product was the primary behavioural outcome, in addition to ratings of effectiveness, understanding, liking and believability.SettingWaterloo, Ontario, Canada.SubjectsAdults (n 430) aged ≥18 years, recruited from community settings.ResultsParticipants in the three FOP conditions with ‘high/low’ sodium content descriptors were significantly more likely to choose the lower-sodium product compared with the control group. The detailed TL label was ranked most effective at helping participants select low-sodium products, and was rated significantly higher than other formats in liking, understanding and believability. Product selection did not differ significantly across sociodemographic groups.ConclusionsFOP labels that include content descriptors may be more effective in helping consumers to select lower-sodium products. TL labels, which incorporate content descriptors and colour coding, should be considered for future FOP labelling initiatives.

scholarly journals Response of Selected Nursery Crop Plants to Inoculation with Isolates of Phytophthora ramorum and Other Phytophthora Species

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis ◽  
J.L. Marlow
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Selection Of

Many nursery crops are susceptible to root and foliage diseases caused by numerous species of Phytophthora. Phytophthora ramorum causes sudden oak death of trees and ramorum leaf blight and shoot dieback on numerous nursery plants, including rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.), viburnum (Viburnum spp.), pieris (Pieris spp.), and camellia (Camellia spp.) in Europe, the United States, and British Columbia, Canada. We sought to evaluate relative susceptibility of a selection of ornamental nursery crops by inoculating detached leaves with several species of Phytophthora known to infect rhododendrons, and to compare the relative virulence on those species to isolates of P. ramorum. The results indicated that many plants were susceptible under these experimental conditions, while others were not. On a given host, symptoms caused by all species of Phytophthora were identical except for differences in pathogen virulence. Plant species were identical except for differences in pathogen virulence. Plant species within genera or cultivars within species varied in susceptibility to isolates of P. ramorum and other species of Phytophthora. Phytophthora ramorum, P. citricola, P. citrophthora, and P. nicotianae were the most virulent pathogens on most of the host plants inoculated. Some plants were susceptible to several species of Phytophthora, while others were susceptible only to P. ramorum. Inoculation of detached leaves of `Nova Zembla' rhododendron, lilac (Syringa vulgaris), or doublefile viburnum (Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum) under controlled conditions with different species of Phytophthora or isolates of P. ramorum (both mating types) indicated significant relative differences in species or isolate virulence.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Potential of Diuretics

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Paweł Bryniarski ◽  
Katarzyna Nazimek ◽  
Janusz Marcinkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Immunomodulatory Potential ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

In this review, diuretics and their immunomodulatory functions are described. The effects on the immune response of this group of drugs are reported in patients suffering from hypertension and under experimental conditions involving animal models and cell line studies. The pathogenesis of hypertension is strongly connected to chronic inflammation. The vast majority of diuretics modulate the immune response, changing it in favor of the anti-inflammatory response, but depending on the drug, these effects may differ. This topic is significantly important in medical practice regarding the treatment of patients who have coexisting diseases with chronic inflammatory pathogenesis, including hypertension or chronic heart failure. In patients with metabolic syndrome, allergies, or autoimmune disorders, the anti-inflammatory effect is favorable, because of the overstimulation of their immune system. Otherwise, in the geriatric population, it is important to find the proper anti- and pro-inflammatory balance to avoid an enhancement of immune response suppression, which can result in reducing the risk of serious infections that can occur due to the age-diminished function of the immune system. This article is intended to facilitate the selection of an antihypertensive drug that depends on the patient’s immune situation.

scholarly journals What Does a Hand-Over Tell?—Individuality of Short Motion Sequences

Biomimetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Holger Bekemeier ◽  
Jonathan Maycock ◽  
Helge Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Feature Space ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Motion Trajectories ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Trajectory Features ◽  
Participant Characteristics ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

How much information with regard to identity and further individual participantcharacteristics are revealed by relatively short spatio-temporal motion trajectories of a person?We study this question by selecting a set of individual participant characteristics and analysingmotion captured trajectories of an exemplary class of familiar movements, namely handover of anobject to another person. The experiment is performed with different participants under different,predefined conditions. A selection of participant characteristics, such as the Big Five personalitytraits, gender, weight, or sportiness, are assessed and we analyse the impact of the three factor groups“participant identity”, “participant characteristics”, and “experimental conditions” on the observedhand trajectories. The participants’ movements are recorded via optical marker-based hand motioncapture. One participant, the giver, hands over an object to the receiver. The resulting time courses ofthree-dimensional positions of markers are analysed. Multidimensional scaling is used to projecttrajectories to points in a dimension-reduced feature space. Supervised learning is also applied.We find that “participant identity” seems to have the highest correlation with the trajectories, withfactor group “experimental conditions” ranking second. On the other hand, it is not possible to find acorrelation between the “participant characteristics” and the hand trajectory features.

The importance of the sense of smell to the grazing sheep

1949 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Tribe
Keyword(s):  
Food Selection ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sense Of Smell ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. A series of experiments was carried out to assess the importance of the sense of smell to the grazing sheep.2. The results of the first two experiments described indicated that the sense of smell is of importance in the initial stimulation of appetite, but under the experimental conditions the selection of particular herbage species was not affected.3. Further experimentation showed that, because of its adaptation character, olfaction can only be of supplementary importance in influencing the food selection of the grazing sheep.

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