On the Principles and Method of a Practical Science of Mind

1862 ◽  
Vol 7 (40) ◽  
pp. 495-515
Author(s):  
Thomas Laycock
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Honorary Member ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Science Of Mind ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mental Pathology

1. The question propounded.—The members of the Association under whose auspices the ‘Journal of Mental Science’ is published, having done me the honour to elect me an honorary member of their body, I think I cannot better express my strong sense of the compliment thus paid to me, than by a cordial co-operation with them in their labours for the advancement of mental science. The subject I have ventured with this object to bring under their notice, is one of the highest importance to their professional success; it is to determine how far a mental science in the true meaning of the term science is possible, and capable of practical application to mental pathology, therapeutics and hygiène, and the needs of society in general. For more than twenty-five years, I have carefully studied mental science in these its practical relations, and have from time to time made my views public. My friend Dr. J. S. Bushnan, has questioned the value and validity of those views in the journal, on two recent occasions', with special reference to two of my latest publications.* It appears from his last communication, (‘Journal of Mental Science,’ October, 1861), that he has come to the conclusion that my systematic views elaborated after so much labour and thought, and carefully applied, not only to the practice, but also to the teaching of both the practice of medicine in general, and of psychiatry in particular are, “in no sense practical.” This, to me, startling conclusion, has led me to examine into the mode by which my friend and critic came by the notion, and I find that either he or I must be under a singular misapprehension, both as to what is scientific and practical, and as to how it may be attained. I know of no other method for testing where the error lies, than a comparison of Dr. Bushnan's principles and method with mine, in reference to the objects for which the journal is established. Now Dr. Bushnan states his doctrine very explicitly at the outset.

On the Distribution of the Divisible Surplus of a Life Assurance Company, with special reference to the Method originated by Dr. Sprague and other Methods derived therefrom

1895 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Lidstone
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
The Subject

Some time ago, the writer had occasion to examine the principal methods adopted by life assurance companies in the distribution of surplus, and particularly the plan which is known as “Sprague's Method”, from the name of its inventor, Dr. Sprague, or the “Equity and Law Method”, from the name of the company to which it was first applied. The plan is at present employed by comparatively few British offices, but it has recently been adopted by several companies in substitution for systems previously in vogue, and it appears to be rapidly growing in theoretical importance as a standard by which to test the effect of other systems of distribution. Nevertheless, it would appear that, apart from the brief description of the method originally given by Dr. Sprague (and quoted below), there is no systematic discussion of the principles of the method in the pages of the Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, and it is therefore thought that a few notes respecting some of the points which arise in connection with the practical application of the method may be of service to those who are studying the subject, but who may share the experience that little information is to be gleaned from the Journal.

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-158
Author(s):  
Carl C. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
American People ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Federal Assistance ◽  
Children Under 5

REGARDLESS of how we, as individual physicians, may feel about the role of the federal government in the individual practice of medicine, the time has long since passed when we can afford the luxury of ignoring it. In past years the influence of the government on medicine has been mostly in general areas and perhaps least of all in that of pediatrics; but under the present administration there has been a decided change. For this reason it seems necessary to me to call to the attention of all Fellows of the Academy the particular items in President Kennedy's message of February 26, 1962, which relate specifically to the practice of Pediatrics. These may be considered to be three in number: The first of these dealt with the subject of immunization. On this topic President Kennedy said: I am asking the American people to join in a nationwide vaccination program to stamp out these four diseases (whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis) encouraging all communities to immunize both children and adults, keep them immunized and plan for the routine immunization of children yet to be born. To assist the states and local communities in this effort over the next 3 years, I am proposing legislation authorizing a program of federal assistance. This program would cover the full cost of vaccines for all children under 5 years of age. It would also assist in meeting the cost of organizing the vaccination drives begun during this period, and the cost of extra personnel needed for certain special tasks.

Expert Systems in Medicne:Possible Future Effects

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Potthoff ◽  
M. Rothemund ◽  
D. Schwefel ◽  
R. Engelbrecht ◽  
W. van Eimeren
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Insurance Industry

It should be pointed out that during the interviews most of the experts had positive expectations of ESM. The developers are more generally enthusiastic than the prospective users and affected parties who, especially in respect of the diffusion of ESM into practical application, only show a limited optimism.However, the representatives of the medical profession and the health insurance industry were convinced that ESM might contribute to cost-neutral increases of quality in out-patient and in-patient medicine. But we also understood them to say that they consider other developments in medicine to be overriding, for example, a tendency of general medicine towards a more family-oriented medicine and a reduced emphasis on technology-oriented medicine. In respect of the conception shared by developers as well as potential users that over-enthusiastic expectations should rather be restrained, we consider such a balanced expectation of positive effects of ESM to be adequate to the actual knowledge of the subject.

scholarly journals XXXI.—On the Limits of our Knowledge respecting the Theory of Parallels

1864 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-450
Author(s):  
Kelland
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Metaphysical Problem ◽  
Pure Logic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Negative Conclusion ◽  
Positive Results

The subject of this paper is a very old one, and may to many appear to be sufficiently worn; but I venture to hope, that there are some to whom a glimpse of the successive approaches of the human mind towards the right understanding of a question of pure logic, may have an interest,—even although the problem solved be an abstract one, and the conclusion a negative conclusion, having little practical application. Like the kindred problem of the quadrature of the circle, or the metaphysical problem of “Knowing and Being,” the theory of parallels has been attacked in various directions, and although it is true that no one ever reached the goal he aimed at, yet it is not the less certain that great and positive results have followed in the history of human attainment. If no other lesson has been learnt, this at least may have been: that in reasoning it is necessary to look warily around and abroad at every step, seeing that admissions, the most obviously inadmissible, or evasions the most palpable, have foiled generations of thinkers, whilst those who have detected their errors have fallen into others of an equally destructive character.

scholarly journals The structure of certain Jurassic holostean fishes, with special reference to their neurocrania

1948 ◽  
Vol 233 (601) ◽  
pp. 287-345 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Structural Grade ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Evidence

The term Holostei is in the process of being transformed from one expressing (or intending to express) some phylogenetic type of classification into one denoting a structural grade— a transformation commonly suffered by a term of long standing as the essential characters of its component genera are better understood. Unfortunately, understanding of this particular stage in Actinopterygian evolution is far from complete, and at present it is not possible to replace the old classification by one that will not have to be thoroughly revised in a few years’ time. Since, therefore, the present work (which was essentially complete in 1940) deals primarily with the structure of a few Jurassic neurocrania the term Holostei may still serve conveniently to cover the families in which they are found, although the origin of these is largely unknown and their degree of relationship a matter of debate. It will be found that a study of neurocrania occasionally produces some new evidence on these problems, but for a more complete'discussion on classification reference may be made to those works expressly dealing with the subject, especially Brough (1939), Rayner (1941) and Westoll (1944)

Introductory remarks

1981 ◽  
Vol 302 (1468) ◽  
pp. 219-219
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Electroanalytical Methods ◽  
Secondary Battery ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Cross Fertilization

As its title suggests, the purpose of this Discussion Meeting is to review the present state of the art in industrial electrochemistry. We have sought to bring together academic and industrial workers in this field as well as other interested participants. I hope that as the meeting proceeds, a cross-fertilization of ideas will occur both in the formal sessions and during the breaks. The organizers of this Meeting have given considerable thought to the order in which the different aspects of electrochemistry should be presented. Evidently we had to begin with the fundamentals, after which we decided to deal with the general aspects of electrosynthesis including the developing possibilities of supplying energy to biological processes by electrochem ical means. This led naturally to consideration of electrochemical engineering and electroanalytical methods for on-line control. In one session we shall move to a very practical application of electrochemistry, namely batteries. Beginning with Volta’s simple cell, this application is one of the oldest in electrochemistry. In spite of all the advances in the subject, the possibilities of new primary and secondary battery systems remain as wide as ever. I, for one, shall be most interested to hear the progress reports of our three speakers.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL VALUE OF THE REVIEWS ON UKRAINIAN TERMINOLOGY DICTIONARIES OF THE LATE XXth AND THE EARLY XXIst CENTURIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Tetiana Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Characteristic Parameter ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Practical Realization ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Xxist Century ◽  
Normative Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Principles

The aim of the research is to determine the theoretical and practical significance of the reviews on natural sciences terminology dictionaries. The object of the research is a system of parametric measurements of terminology dictionaries, the subject is critical remarks on the structural parameters representation of terminology dictionaries. The research material is the texts of the reviews published during the late XXth and the early XXIst centuries. Тhe following methods were used: lexicographic analysis of the dictionary parameters, the quantitative analysis and the comparative one. As a result of the research, it is determined that throughout the analyzed period the experts focus on definition and translation dictionaries as well as reference dictionaries. Most remarks are made to the dictionaries of the early XXIst century. The potential importance of practical application of the results is to improve the theoretical and methodological principles and means of terminology dictionaries creation, as well as their use to develop new (combined) type that comprehensively represent the vocabulary of a particular branch of science. Conclusions: 1) the critical comments on professional definition dictionaries relate to such of their parameters as: ‘introduction / preface’, ‘encyclopedia information’, ‘dictionary register’, ‘definition’, ‘list of references’; 2) translation definition dictionaries have quantitative drawbacks regarding the representation of such structural parameters: ‘dictionary register’, ‘translation area’, ‘definition’; 3) to the parameters of reference dictionaries the following critical comments are made: to replace the title loan term by the normative term; to add the ‘accent characteristic’ parameter; to match the title terms with their definitions etc. Theoretical and practical significance of the reviews on terminology dictionaries gives the possibility to systematize the drawbacks revealed by critics in the representation of structural parameters of such publications, for the purpose to improve the fundamental theoretical and methodological foundations of metaterminography and the practical realization of high-quality works.

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