Insanity is Decreasing: a Statistical Item Suggesting that

1896 ◽  
Vol 42 (176) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
T. A. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Acute Mania ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Definite Form ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Urban Character ◽  
The One

It has always appeared to me that the various figures that are supposed to indicate an increase of insanity are not only inconclusive, but do not really show anything of the sort, and that there are even some vague and indefinite indications that there is really a decrease in the annual production of insanity. Some years ago I tried to find some figures amongst the various statistics we possess that would throw some light on this point, but practically without success. It seemed that such increase in the annual admissions to asylums as was beyond that due to increase of population was more than accounted for by slighter (i.e., less demonstrative) cases of acute insanity and various forms of chronic, senile, and degenerative disorders being yearly sent to asylums more freely, but I could get no figures proving this. A somewhat suggestive fact in this direction is the often-made remark that acute mania is less abundant, melancholia more so than formerly; acute mania of an active (i.e., demonstrative) type was always sent to asylums pretty well up to its actual amount. Melancholia used to be very largely left at home or treated in workhouses. But where shall we find such facts embodied in figures. Acute mania of our statistics includes the milder as well as the more demonstrative cases, and so shows an increase just as the total figures do. There are, then, so far as I know, no figures showing the real annual occurrence of insanity that are comparable year by year. There are, indeed, no figures that give the actual annual production of insanity apart from chronic and recurrent cases. There are no figures of any definite form and intensity of acute insanity. True the Commissioners' Reports give us statistics of general paralysis, but this is precisely the one form of acute insanity that is not an insanity; that is, it belongs to a different natural order of diseases from the other diseases we mean by insanity. I have elsewhere stated that this always appears clearly on a comparison of the statistics of general paralysis with those of insanity proper, and the same opinion has been expressed by authorities who have approached the matter from a pathological and therapeutical standpoint. Its remarkable geographical distribution and its specially urban character equally show it to be different from the other insanities, which have no similar features. That this disease is increasing owing to the more and more urban character of our population affords no ground for assuming a similar progress in the true insanities. The annual recoveries must, however, be largely dependent on, and proportional to, the annually occurring cases, but will, of course, so regarded, be vitiated by the increase of population and by the increased admissions of milder forms of insanity and by the recoveries of recurrent cases.

With Whom are we at War?

Philosophy ◽  
1940 ◽  
Vol 15 (57) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
J. H. Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
General Philosophy ◽  
Lively Discussion ◽  
The People ◽  
Common Enemy ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

Second in importance only to the question raised by the short editorial in the last number of Philosophy: Why are we at War? is that on which there is at present a lively discussion going on in The Times and elsewhere under the title of “German Rulers and People”: With Whom are we at War? On one point there is no difference of opinion: we are at war with the blood- and crimestained group that, with Hitler at their head, hold the reins of government. Difference begins when it is asked what share the people of Germany as a whole has in their crimes. On the one side are those who hold that, as you cannot, in historical words, “bring an indictment against a whole nation,” neither can you be at war with a whole people, and that the main problem we have before us is the discovery of the means to appeal to the intelligence and hearts of the mass of the nation in order to enlist it against its Government as a common enemy. On the other side are those who quote the equally historic words that “every nation gets the kind of government it deserves,” from which “it follows that it deserves no immunity for the acts of the Government by which it chooses, or allows itself, to be governed.” This argument is reinforced first by a general philosophy of war as the “natural” order of things from which man is only gradually emerging into an exceptional and precarious condition of peace; and secondly, with regard to Germany in particular, that “the lust for dominance through force is, and will be for generations, at the root of the German character.” The importance of the issue as thus stated requires no emphasis.

On Irregularity of the Pupils from Central Causes, being the substance of a Paper communicated to the Psychiatrical Section of the Philosophical Association of Germany

1859 ◽  
Vol 5 (28) ◽  
pp. 286-289
Author(s):  
Reicharz ◽  
Edward Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morbid Condition ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
Central Organ ◽  
The One

la describing the relative sizes of unequal pupils in the diseases of the central organ of the nervous system (as in incomplete general paralysis) most observers make special mention of the dilated pupil, and, under precisely similar essential conditions, we more frequently find one pupil characterised as being larger than the other, than the converse. Were there no prejudice at the bottom of this custom, there might be nothing to advance against it; but I believe that the views on which it is founded, are, more or less, conjectural. It is apparently assumed, in the first place, that inequality of the pupils is always caused by lesion of one iris only; that dilatation of the pupil is more truly and more frequently a morbid condition, than contraction; and, finally, that dilatation is always dependent on relaxation, resulting from paralysis. The iris, with the dilatated pupil is, thus, more often pointed out as being affected, and that with paralysis, than the one in which the pupil is contracted; and we find, moreover, that it is quite usual to adduce, not perhaps, mere inequality, but dilatation of the pupils generally, as an absolute sign and example of paralysis of single muscles.

scholarly journals Wave mechanics and the dual aspect of matter and radiation

1929 ◽  
Vol 126 (800) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Definite Form ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Continuum

Recent researches in experimental and theoretical Physics strongly indicate that both matter and radiation possess a dual aspect exhibiting, on the one hand, the properties of undulatory phenomena extensible throughout the space-time continuum, and on the other, those of “parcel” or particle phenomena concentrated in small regions, the so-called “world lines” of particles. The wave mechanics of de Broglie and Schrödinger is an attempt to bridge the gulf, so to speak, between matter and radiation; and the question naturally arises as to whether these two apparently distinct entities may not represent the same, or at least similar, world conditions. Let (O x , O y ,O z ) be a rectangular system of axes at rest relative to a material observer, and consider the motion of an electron relative to the observer. First, let the electron be conceived as a particle, as a region of the observer’s space bounded by a movable surface. It will be necessary for the following analysis to assign to this surface a definite form, and I shall choose the form of a Heaviside ellipsoid associated with the Lorentz electron, since this is the only form that is known to satisfy the geometrical conditions of the space-time continuum.

THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE NORTH SHORE OF THE GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE

1930 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McDunnough
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
The One

The following list is compiled from specimens collected by Mr. W. J. Brown in 1929; it should prove of interest to students of geographical distribution, containing, as it does, large elements of the Labrador fauna on the one hand and typical members of the Canadian and Hudsonian zones on the other. As far as I know Wm. Couper has been the only one who has published on the Lepidoptera of this region (Can. Ent., I, 67; IV, 201; VI, 33 et seq.) and his work has been confined largely to diurnals.

scholarly journals The Last Man and ‘The First Woman’: Unmanly Images of Unhuman Nature in Mary Shelley’s Ecocriticism

Perichoresis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Éva Antal
Keyword(s):  
Mary Shelley ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The World ◽  
Last Man ◽  
The One ◽  
The Last Man

AbstractMary Shelley in her writings relies on the romanticised notions of nature: in addition to its beauties, the sublime quality is highlighted in its overwhelming greatness. In her ecological fiction, The Last Man (1826), the dystopian view of man results in the presentation of the declining civilization and the catastrophic destruction of infested mankind. In the novel, all of the characters are associated with forces of culture and history. On the one hand, Mary Shelley, focussing on different human bonds, warns against the sickening discord and dissonance, the lack of harmony in the world, while, on the other hand, she calls for the respect of nature and natural order. The prophetic caring female characters ‘foresee’ the events but cannot help the beloved men to control their building and destroying powers. Mary Shelley expresses her unmanly view of nature and the author’s utopian hope seems to lie in ‘unhuman’ nature. While the epidemic, having been unleashed by the pests of patriarchal society and being accelerated by global warming, sweeps away humanity, Mother Nature flourishes and gains back her original ‘dwelling place’.

scholarly journals Impacto potencial de la taltuza (Orthogeomys sp.) en el cultivo del pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) en Costa Rica.

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Javier Monge
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Pocket Gopher ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
The One

The taltuzas (pocket gopher) (Orthogeomys sp.) are rodents that  plague several crops from USA to Panama. Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) is a crop in expansion that overlaps in its geographical distribution with the one of Pocket gopher. Three patterns were found by superposing the distribution maps of rodents and palms. In one pattern only one organism was present but not the other whereas in two patterns rodents and palms were coincident. Since peach palm is attacked by the taltuzas, some considerations were discussed for each pattern in relation to future expansion of this crop.

scholarly journals A Note on Conjugate Permutations

1929 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. iv-vi
Author(s):  
A. C. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
The One

§ 1. Two permutations of the natural order (123 … n) are said to be conjugate when each number and the number of the place in the one permutation are interchanged in the case of the other permutation.

On the Physiology of General Paralysis of the Insane, and of Epilepsy

1875 ◽  
Vol 20 (92) ◽  
pp. 579-586
Author(s):  
George Thompson
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pathological Anatomy ◽  
The West ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The One

In the first and second volumes of the West Riding Asylum Medical Reports, 1871–72, there appeared two papers bearing my name, which were entitled, the one “The Sphygmograph in Asylum Practice,” and the other “The Sphygmograph in Epilepsy.” The first paper, besides containing a few general remarks, was, however, confined to the study of the physiology of General Paralysis; the other, as its name implied, referred entirely to certain phenomena observed in Epilepsy, and contained a few speculations as to the origin and nature of these phenomena. Both papers had been hastily prepared, though they really represented an amount of patient labour such as probably I shall never undertake again. The later one had also the disadvantage of being so cut and mutilated for want of space that, when finished, I hardly recognised my own work. I had begun to think that they were to be considered of no real value, and only fit to pass into the limbo of forgotten things, when they were suddenly snatched from a threatening oblivion by having assigned to them a prominent place in the new edition of the work so familiar to many engaged in this special branch of medicine by the names of Bucknill and Tuke. More recently they have been brought into further prominence by being incorporated into that clever, thorough work, “The Pathological Anatomy of the Nervous Centres,” by Dr. Long Fox, where the views originally advanced by myself are put in much clearer and more forcible language than I could ever master. It has occurred to me, then, that now is a good opportunity for considering de novo the bearings which these speculations may have on the further elucidation of the nature of the origin of two diseases, one of which, at least, has hitherto been enveloped in darkness, and which, because of such ignorance, has, until recently, baffled all attempts to effect anything like a certain cure.

involve either the rejection of sexual love or its abuse. love chastely but want sexual satisfaction now, for Although Guyon is the servant of the ‘heauenly example Timias at v 48. The lowest stair is occupied Mayd’ (II i 28.7), he never sees the one and only by those who pervert love, either through jealousy spies on the other before binding her and ravaging in loving a woman as an object (as Malbecco at ix 5) her bower. From the opening episode of Book III, it or in using force to satisfy their desire (as Busirane becomes evident that Guyon’s binding of Acrasia has at xi 11). Book III is aptly named ‘the book of sex’ initiated an action that requires the rest of the poem by M. Evans 1970:152, for Spenser’s anatomy of to resolve, namely, how to release women from male love extends outward to the natural order and the tyranny, and therefore release men from their desire cosmos, and to the political order in which the ‘Most to tyrannize women. Chastity is fulfilled when its famous fruites of matrimoniall bowre’ (iii 3.7) are patron, Britomart, frees Amoret from Busirane’s the progeny of English kings. tyranny; friendship is fulfilled when Florimell’s chaste To fashion the virtues of the first two books, love for Marinell leads to her being freed from Spenser uses the motif of the single quest: a knight is Proteus’s tyranny; and Artegall is able to fulfil the guided to his goal, one by Una and the other by the virtue of justice when his lover, Britomart, frees him Palmer, and on his way engages in chivalric action from Radigund’s tyranny to which he has submitted. usually in the open field. To fashion chastity, he uses By destroying Acrasia’s sterile bower of perpetual the romance device of entrelacement, the interweav-summer, Guyon frees Verdant, whose name invokes ing of separate love stories into a pattern of relation-spring with its cycle of regeneration. The temperate ships. (As the stories of the four squires in Books III body, seen in the Castle of Alma, ‘had not yet felt and IV form an interlaced narrative, see Dasenbrock Cupides wanton rage’ (II ix 18.2), but with the cycle 1991:52–69.) The variety of love’s pageants requires of the seasons, love enters the world: ‘all liuing multiple quests, and the action shifts to the forest, wights, soone as they see | The spring breake forth the seashore, and the sea (see ‘Places, allegorical’ and out of his lusty bowres, | They all doe learne to play ‘Sea’ in the SEnc). Thus Britomart, guided by ‘blind the Paramours’ (IV x 45). Once the temperate body loue’ (IV v 29.5), wanders not knowing where to has felt ‘Cupides wanton rage’ in Book III, knights find her lover. As she is a virgin, her love for Artegall lie wounded or helpless and their ladies are either in is treated in the Belphœbe–Timias story; as she seeks flight or imprisoned – all except Britomart, who, to fulfil her love in marriage, her relationship to though as sorely wounded by love as any, is armed Artegall is treated in the Scudamour–Amoret story; with chastity, which controls her desire as she follows and as her marriage has the apocalyptic import ‘the guydaunce of her blinded guest’ (III iv 6.8), prophesied by Merlin at III iii 22–23, its significance that is, her love for Artegall. in relation to nature is treated in the Marinell– Book III presents an anatomy of love, its motto Florimell story. Like Florimell, Britomart loves a being ‘Wonder it is to see, in diuerse mindes, | How knight faithfully; but, like Marinell (see iv 26.6), diuersly loue doth his pageaunts play, | And shewes Artegall scorns love (see IV vi 28.9), neither know-his powre in variable kindes’ (v 1). While there is ing that he is loved. Yet Florimell knows whom she only one Cupid, his pageants vary, then, according to loves while Britomart does not, having seen only his diverse human states. If only because the poem is image. In contrast to both, Amoret loves faithfully, dedicated to the Virgin Queen, virginity is accorded and is loved faithfully in return; and in contrast to all, ‘the highest stayre | Of th’honorable stage of Belphœbe does not know that she is loved by Timias womanhead’ (v 54.7–8), being represented in Book and does not love him. (To complete this scheme: at III by Belphœbe. She was ‘vpbrought in perfect III vii 54, Columbell knows that she is loved by the Maydenhed’ by Diana, while her twin (yet later Squire of Dames but withholds love for him.) The born) sister, Amoret, was ‘vpbrought in goodly pattern formed by these stories fashions the virtue of womanhed’ (vi 28.4, 7) by Venus. Accordingly, chastity of which Britomart is the patron. Amoret occupies the central stair of chaste love, for Since interlaced narratives take the place of the lin-she loves Scudamour faithfully and is rescued by ear quest, Spenser structures Book III by balancing Britomart, the virgin who loves Artegall faithfully. the opening and concluding cantos against the mid-Since both are chaste, their goal is marriage in which dle canto. Canto vi is the book’s centre as it treats

2014 ◽  
pp. 33-33
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Political Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
The Political ◽  
Virgin Queen ◽  
Love Stories ◽  
The World ◽  
At Iii ◽  
The One

Textkritischer Kommentar zu ausgewählten Stellen des Lukas- und des Johannesevangeliums

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-77
Author(s):  
Ulrich Victor
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Textual Tradition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Textual Critic

AbstractBecause of the completely contaminated textual tradition of the NT, it is essential that the textual critic as a rule confines himself to the instruments of philology and exegesis, the so-called internal criteria. The customary evaluation of manuscripts and manuscript groups according to their assumed quality and value within the tradition or according to their geographical distribution on the one hand ignores the reality of the transmission, and is on the other hand not a rationally defensible procedure. In this contribution I will demonstrate the arbitrary nature of the customary approach, while showing at the same time the gains to be made for the text by applying internal criteria.

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