Note on Optic Nerve Atrophy preceding the Mental Symptoms of General Paralysis of the Insane

1889 ◽  
Vol 35 (151) ◽  
pp. 389-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Wiglesworth
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Optic Atrophy ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Optic Discs ◽  
Fundus Oculi

In a communication on the subject of the condition of the fundus oculi in insane individuals,* undertaken in conjunction with my friend Mr. Bickerton, we described the optic disc changes met with in a series of 66 cases of general paralysis. We showed that whilst in the majority of cases of this disease the fundus oculi presented a normal appearance, in a considerable minority changes in the direction of neuritis or atrophy were to be found, and that whilst optic atrophy was noted as a sequel of neuritis, it was also not unfrequently primary at the disc. In all the cases observed by us, however, the changes in the optic discs had developed after the mental symptoms had become apparent, although we quoted from Nettleship† a case in which optic nerve atrophy preceded the symptoms of this disease. Such cases as this latter are, in my experience, decidedly rare, and hence the following appears worthy of being placed on record:—

Microperimetry in the diagnosis of early stages glaucoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
I.A. Kazennova ◽  
◽  
A.D. Chuprov ◽  
A.E. Voronina ◽  
A.N. Kazennov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ganglion Cell Complex ◽  
Macular Area ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Key Words Glaucoma

Purpose. To increase the efficiency of diagnostics of glaucomatous process in the early stages using microperimetry. Materials and methods. We examined 15 patients (30 eyes) aged 43-71 years (average age 62 years) with the initial stage of POAG, the duration of the disease was 8-36 months. The control group consisted of 10 patients (20 eyes), somatically healthy individuals without concomitant ophthalmopathology. In addition to standard research methods, the following were additionally carried out: optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve disk, macular OCT for analyzing the thickness of the ganglion cell complex, angio-OCT of the optic disc and macula, and microperimetry. Results. When conducting microperimetric studies, a decrease in the average threshold photosensitivity AvThr (20 (4.8-23.3)) and the index of macular preservation MI (23 (2.8-26.8)) in patients with POAG was found in comparison with the control group. During OCT of the optic disc and macula, no changes were recorded in both groups, and there was no decrease in peripapillary perfusion during angio-OCT of the optic disc. However, in patients with POAG, during angio-OCT in the macular area, attention is drawn to some of its expansion and deformation, which confirms the fact that the macular area is involved in the glaucomatous process, which affects the photosensitivity of the cells of the central retinal area. Conclusion. Thus, the decrease in the average threshold of sensitivity in patients with POAG revealed by microperimetry makes it possible to detect glaucoma in the early stages, as well as to assess the dynamics of the glaucomatous process, which in its turn increases the effectiveness of treatment of patients. Key words: glaucoma, glaucomatous process progression, computer perimetry, microperimetry, optic nerve atrophy.

Is a virtual clinic model a safe and effective way for assessing patients referred with suspiciously blurred optic discs? The blurred disc clinic

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212097604
Author(s):  
Joanna M Jefferis ◽  
Nigel Griffith ◽  
Daniel Blackwell ◽  
Ruth Batty ◽  
Simon J Hickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Referral Letter ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Optic Discs ◽  
Eye Clinic ◽  
Virtual Clinic

Background: There are increasing numbers of referrals to ophthalmology departments due to blurred optic disc margins. In light of this and the COVID-19 pandemic we aimed to assess whether these patients could be safely assessed without direct contact between the clinician and patient. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of consecutive patients seen in our ‘blurred disc clinic’ between August 2018 and October 2019. We then presented anonymous information from their referral letter, their visual fields and optic nerve images to two consultant neuro-ophthalmologists blinded to the outcome of the face-to-face consultation. In the simulated virtual clinic, the two consultants were asked to choose an outcome for each patient from discharge, investigate or bring in for a face-to-face assessment. Results: Out of 133 patients seen in the blurred disc clinic, six (4.5%) were found to have papilloedema. All six were identified by both neuro-ophthalmologists as needing a face-to-face clinic consultation from the simulated virtual clinic. One hundred and twenty (90%) patients were discharged from the face-to-face clinic at the first consultation. The two neuro-ophthalmologists chose to discharge 114 (95%) and 99 (83%) of these respectively from the simulated virtual clinic. The virtual clinic would have potentially missed serious pathology in only one patient who had normal optic discs but reported diplopia at the previous face-to-face consultation. Conclusions: A virtual clinic model is an effective way of screening for papilloedema in patients referred to the eye clinic with suspicious optic discs. Unrelated or incidental pathology may be missed in a virtual clinic.

scholarly journals Comparison of Optic Disc Morphology of Optic Nerve Atrophy between Compressive Optic Neuropathy and Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e112403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Hata ◽  
Kazuaki Miyamoto ◽  
Akio Oishi ◽  
Yukiko Makiyama ◽  
Norimoto Gotoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Compressive Optic Neuropathy

Optic disc morphometry in simple optic nerve atrophy

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jost B. Jonas ◽  
Nhung X. Nguyen ◽  
Gottfried O. H. Naumann
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Optic Disc Morphometry

scholarly journals Historical aspects and current views of the etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of optic nerve pits

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
E. V. Muskatina ◽  
D. Yu. Samsonov ◽  
S. I. Zhukova ◽  
А. G. Shchuko
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Digital Scanning ◽  
Optic Discs

Optic nerve pits are a mono- or bilateral congenital anomaly represented by optic disc depressions of various sizes. In half of the cases, the pits are complicated by edema, central retinal detachment and retinoschisis, and cause visual function decrease. Visual acuity losses can be either insignificant or pronounced. Optic discs pits have been investigated massively over the last century and a half, but their etiology is still underresearched. In recent years, however, due to the development of digital scanning and data processing technologies and the emergence of non-invasive highly informative diagnostic methods, it has become possible to reveal structural and functional changes of the optic disc in vivo, in addition to the traditional detection of histological changes in cadaveric eyes.

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