scholarly journals Kaleidoscope

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Derek K. Tracy ◽  
Dan W. Joyce ◽  
Sukhwinder S. Shergill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
England Journal ◽  
New England ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legislative Change ◽  
Impossible Task

Friedman's statement that ‘most people who are violent are not mentally ill, and most people who are mentally ill are not violent’ remains apposite, but recent US gun killings inevitably reawaken the debate. In a moving editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine, Malina and colleagues compellingly compare gun lobbyists to a cancer growing in the mutated cells of the psychological and sociological make-up of the United States. What is the contribution of mental health to this problem? Estimates suggest it might have impacted the trajectory of 3–5% of the approximately 33 000 US gun deaths in 2013. Sadly, one imagines that psychiatry had a far bigger role in terms of the subsequent psychological impact on their relatives, witnesses of the violence, and the further 84 000 who survived such assaults that year. Against the backdrop of halting convulsions towards legislative change, the authors reason that mental healthcare cannot be held responsible for what they label the impossible task of identifying anyone who might conceivably start shooting others.

scholarly journals Patient Smartphone Ownership and Interest in Mobile Apps to Monitor Symptoms of Mental Health Conditions: A Survey in Four Geographically Distinct Psychiatric Clinics

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Torous ◽  
Steven Richard Chan ◽  
Shih Yee-Marie Tan ◽  
Jacob Behrens ◽  
Ian Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Diverse Patient Population ◽  
Mobile Mental Health

Background Despite growing interest in mobile mental health and utilization of smartphone technology to monitor psychiatric symptoms, there remains a lack of knowledge both regarding patient ownership of smartphones and their interest in using such to monitor their mental health. Objective To provide data on psychiatric outpatients’ prevalence of smartphone ownership and interest in using their smartphones to run applications to monitor their mental health. Methods We surveyed 320 psychiatric outpatients from four clinics around the United States in order to capture a geographically and socioeconomically diverse patient population. These comprised a state clinic in Massachusetts (n=108), a county clinic in California (n=56), a hybrid public and private clinic in Louisiana (n=50), and a private/university clinic in Wisconsin (n=106). Results Smartphone ownership and interest in utilizing such to monitor mental health varied by both clinic type and age with overall ownership of 62.5% (200/320), which is slightly higher than the average United States’ rate of ownership of 58% in January 2014. Overall patient interest in utilizing smartphones to monitor symptoms was 70.6% (226/320). Conclusions These results suggest that psychiatric outpatients are interested in using their smartphones to monitor their mental health and own the smartphones capable of running mental healthcare related mobile applications.

Telepsychiatry Use in Rural Areas in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alberto Coustasse ◽  
Morgan Ruley ◽  
Tonnie C. Mike ◽  
Briana M. Washington ◽  
Anna Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Access And Quality

Rural areas have experienced a higher than average shortage of healthcare professionals. Numerous challenges have limited access to mental health services. Some of these barriers have included transportation, number of providers, poverty, and lack of insurance. Recently, the utilization of telepsychiatry has increased in rural areas. The purpose of this review was to identify and coalesce the benefits of telepsychiatry for adults living in rural communities in the United States to determine if telepsychiatry has improved access and quality of care. The methodology for this study was a literature review that followed a systematic approach. References and sources were written in English and were taken from studies in the United States between 2004 and 2018 to keep this review current. Fifty-nine references were selected from five databases. It was found that several studies supported that telepsychiatry has improved access and quality of care available in rural environments. At the same time, telepsychiatry in mental healthcare has not been utilized as it should in rural adult populations due to lack of access, an overall shortage of providers, and poor distribution of psychiatrists. There are numerous benefits to implementing telepsychiatry in rural areas. While there are still barriers that prevent widespread utilization, telepsychiatry can improve mental health outcomes by linking rural patients to high-quality mental healthcare services that follow evidence-based care and best practices. Telepsychiatry utilization in rural areas in the United States has demonstrated to have a significant ability to transform mental health care delivery and clinician productivity. As technology continues to advance access, telepsychiatry will also advance, making access more readily available.

Confronting 60 Minutes’ “Imminent Danger”: The Evidence on Schizophrenia and Psychotropic Medications, Violence, and Forced Orders to Treat

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby T. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Television Show ◽  
Imminent Danger ◽  
The World

Recently, considerable attention has been given to individuals labeled “mentally ill,” with the possibility that they too often go untreated with psychotropic medications and in turn, commit disproportionally higher rates of violence. The world-known television show60 Minutesbroadcasted a special on this topic in the United States on September 29, 2013; however, they created a disturbingly inaccurate picture of those who suffer with what some label as “mental illness.” There are decades of peer-reviewed research demonstrating that individuals diagnosed with severe mental illness, labeledschizophrenia,and given psychotropic medications are in fact less likely to recover from their disorder and more likely to be rehospitalized. Additionally, although mental health commitments, often calledforced orders to treat,are quite common and now being supported more so due to such programming, the research on mental health commitments has not shown they are actually effective.

Care and Treatment of the Mentally Ill in the United States: Historical Developments and Reforms

1986 ◽  
Vol 484 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH P. MORRISSEY ◽  
HOWARD H. GOLDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Health Service Delivery ◽  
Public Mental Health Care ◽  
Historical Developments

Three major cycles of reform in public mental health care in the United States—the moral treatment, mental hygiene, and community mental health movements—are described as a basis for assessing the shifting boundaries between the mental health, social welfare, and criminal justice systems. Historical forces that led to the transinstitutionalization of the mentally ill from almshouses to the state mental hospitals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have now been reversed in the aftermath of recent deinstitutionalization policies. Evidence is suggestive that the mentally ill are also being caught up in the criminal justice system, a circumstance reminiscent of pre-asylum conditions in the early nineteenth century. These trends shape the current mental health service delivery system and the agenda for policy-relevant research on issues involving the legal and mental health fields.

scholarly journals 1326. Comorbid Mental Health Disorders Are a Key But Manageable Barrier to Suppression of HIV Viral Load

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S479-S480
Author(s):  
Tiffany Stivers ◽  
J Zachary Porterfield ◽  
Jana Collins ◽  
Justin Yang ◽  
Robert Parrish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Barriers To Care ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Care Clinic

Abstract Background Kentucky sits at the epicenter of the HIV epidemic in the United States and harbors 54 of the top 220 HIV/HCV outbreak vulnerable counties in the United States; 44 of which are served by the Bluegrass Care Clinic at the University of Kentucky. Understanding the barriers to care at the frontlines of the epidemic is of critical importance in the work toward the eventual elimination of HIV in the United States and elsewhere. Methods The Bluegrass Care Clinic has achieved viral suppression in 90% of the HIV-positive patients enrolled in care. Given the catchment area served by this clinic, however, the unsuppressed 10% of patients likely represent the tip of an iceberg of undiagnosed patients or those lost to care from remote and at-risk communities. We developed a quality improvement project to specifically review the barriers to achieving viral suppression in this subset of patients in our clinic. Additionally, we developed an outreach algorithm for patients identified as having comorbid mental health issues to increase engagement in both HIV and mental healthcare. Results We found that nearly 45% of virally unsuppressed patients in our clinic had comorbid mental health disease and 30% had substance use disorders. Female sex was associated with being unsuppressed (P = 0.003); however, age and race were not predictive. Of the patients identified as having mental health barriers to care, 58% were able to be contacted using our outreach algorithm and 58% of these patients accepted referral into a mental health service. In this first 12 months of this program 26% of these patients achieved viral suppression and an additional 18% had substantial decreases in their viral loads. Conclusion This preliminary report highlights the importance of identifying and addressing barriers to care. Comorbid mental disorders have consistently been associated with greater difficulties in achieving viral suppression. We present an effective and successful program for engaging patients in mental healthcare using an interdisciplinary outreach program that is designed to be generalizable. These data set the stage for reaching the missing subset of patients who are not currently engaged in HIV care, a critical next step for universal test and treat and 90/90/90 strategies. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Lifetime Punishments for Mentally Ill Juvenile Rampage School Shooters: No Hope for the Future?

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-918
Author(s):  
Kathryn Farr
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Shootings ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
School Shooters ◽  
Cross National

This study examines the roles of age and mental health in the processing of 10 adolescent rampage school shooters who had shown signs of mental instability prior to their rampage, but were tried and convicted as adults and sentenced to life or almost life in prison. Findings from court transcripts show that expert witnesses for the defense provided evidence of mental illness in all cases; however, the court determined that the diagnoses failed to meet the insanity standard or did not qualify as a significant mitigating circumstance. The reality of the boys’ actual guilt, the low competency standard, and the transfer of jurisdiction from Juvenile Court to criminal court all worked against their defense. Although in recent years the Supreme Court has ruled that because of the lesser development of children, life sentences for juveniles constitute cruel and unusual punishment, appeals on behalf of these boys have been routinely denied. Cross-national comparisons reveal the rarity of school shootings outside the United States and suggest that juvenile justice processing in many countries is far less punitive than that in the United States.

scholarly journals Black Male Grief Through the Lens of Racialization and Oppression: Effective Instruction for Graduate Clinical Programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Allen E. Lipscomb ◽  
Wendy Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Mental Health Challenges

Although Black males have experienced mental health challenges analogous to other marginalized populations, Black men dealing with loss and trauma have a greater risk of experiencing severe mental health challenges than their White counterparts due to racism, classism, economic inequalities and socio-political injustices in existence since slavery. Although slavery was legally abolished in the United States in 1865, the legacy of slavery continues via systemic oppression, historical trauma and race based economic inequality. Thus, Black males’ lived experience is entrenched with elements of psychological, historical, interpersonal, and intrapsychic anguish. Black men experience grief from multiple avenues, including loss, trauma and the psychological impact of oppression. The authors explored the grief experiences of Racialized Black Men (N = 77) to identify the needs and challenges of this vulnerable population. Utilizing a Critical Race Theory (CRT) lens, recommendations are provided to educate mental health therapists both in graduate programs and as practitioners in the field regarding anti-oppressive clinical practices. Finally, effective clinical intervention practices are explored, with specific strategies for White and non-White therapists when working with this unique and often underserved population in the United States.

scholarly journals A bibliometric and co-occurrence analysis of COVID-19–related literature published between December 2019 and June 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sayeed Al-Zaman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
England Journal ◽  
New England ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bibliographic Coupling ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The University ◽  
The Web

Purpose: The main purposes of this study were to analyze the document types and languages of published papers on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), along with the top authors, publications, countries, institutions, and disciplines, and to analyze the co-occurrence of keywords and bibliographic coupling of countries and sources of the most-cited COVID-19 literature.Methods: This study analyzed 16,384 COVID-19 studies published between December 2019 and June 2020. The data were extracted from the Web of Science database using four keywords: “COVID-19,” “coronavirus,” “2019-nCoV,” and “SARS-CoV-2.” The top 500 mostcited documents were analyzed for bibliographic and citation network visualization.Results: The studies were published in 19 different languages, and English (95.313%) was the most common. Of 157 research-producing countries, the United States (25.433%) was in the leading position. Wang Y (n=94) was the top author, and the <i>BMJ</i> (n=488) was the top source. The University of London (n=488) was the leading organization, and medicine-related papers (n=2,259) accounted for the highest proportion. The co-occurrence of keywords analysis identified “coronavirus,” “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “2019-nCoV,” and “pneumonia” as the most frequent words. The bibliographic coupling analysis of countries and sources showed the strongest collaborative links between China and the United States and between the <i>New England Journal of Medicine</i> and the <i>JAMA</i>.Conclusion: Collaboration between the United States and China was key in COVID-19 research during this period. Although BMJ was the leading title for COVID-19 articles, the co-author link between <i>New England Journal of Medicine</i> and <i>JAMA</i> was the strongest.

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