scholarly journals Kaleidoscope

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
Derek K. Tracy ◽  
Dan W. Joyce ◽  
Sukhwinder S. Shergill
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Case Processing ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Golden Gate Bridge ◽  
Research Domain

June 27 this year was the day that funding was approved for San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge physical suicide deterrent barrier (www.ggbsuicidebarrier.org). This follows over 1400 suicides since the bridge's opening in 1937: a morbid record 46 were in 2013 alone, possibly exacerbated by the global economic crisis. The barrier is in place to prevent the end-point of suicidal behaviour (physically preventing suicide) but how much effort is going into the examination of the external factors that drive such behaviour? Aleman & Denys argue that psychiatry has failed to tackle suicide as a disease entity in its own right, instead relegating the act of deliberately ending one's life to a symptom or consequence of an underlying psychiatric illness. They note that in DSM-5 suicidality is only mentioned as a symptom of borderline personality disorder and mood disorders, despite this presenting as the most prominent psychiatric emergency. They argue for a more experimental approach based on the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (www.nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/rdoc/index.shtml) that emphasises the study of psychiatric phenomena with reference to their underlying mechanisms: in this case, processing of negative valence, context and response selection, and mechanisms to regulate arousal.

scholarly journals Towards a contemporary approach for understanding personality pathology in developmental context: An integrative model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Melody R. Altschuler ◽  
Robert F. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Developmental Theories ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract Traditional categorical approaches to classifying personality disorders are limited in important ways, leading to a shift in the field to dimensional approaches to conceptualizing personality pathology. Different areas of psychology – personality, developmental, and psychopathology – can be leveraged to understand personality pathology by examining its structure, development, and underlying mechanisms. However, an integrative model that encompasses these distinct lines of inquiry has not yet been proposed. In order to address this gap, we review the latest evidence for dimensional classification of personality disorders based on structural models of maladaptive personality traits, provide an overview of developmental theories of pathological personality, and summarize the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, which seeks to understand underlying mechanisms of psychopathology. We conclude by proposing an integrative model of personality pathology development that aims to elucidate the developmental pathways of personality pathology and its underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Behavioral and neurodevelopmental precursors to binge-type eating disorders: support for the role of negative valence systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (14) ◽  
pp. 2921-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vannucci ◽  
E. E. Nelson ◽  
D. M. Bongiorno ◽  
D. S. Pine ◽  
J. A. Yanovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Research Domain

Background.Pediatric loss-of-control (LOC) eating is a robust behavioral precursor to binge-type eating disorders. Elucidating precursors to LOC eating and binge-type eating disorders may refine developmental risk models of eating disorders and inform interventions.Method.We review evidence within constructs of the Negative Valence Systems (NVS) domain, as specified by the Research Domain Criteria framework. Based on published studies, we propose an integrated NVS model of binge-type eating-disorder risk.Results.Data implicate altered corticolimbic functioning, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and self-reported negative affect as possible risk factors. However, neuroimaging and physiological data in children and adolescents are sparse, and most prospective studies are limited to self-report measures.Conclusions.We discuss a broad NVS framework for conceptualizing early risk for binge-type eating disorders. Future neural and behavioral research on the developmental trajectory of LOC and binge-type eating disorders is required.

scholarly journals A transdiagnostic perspective of constructs underlying obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: An international Delphi consensus study

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 719-731
Author(s):  
Leonardo F Fontenelle ◽  
Erin Oldenhof ◽  
Maria Eduarda Moreira-de-Oliveira ◽  
Jonathan S Abramowitz ◽  
Martin M Antony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
System Response ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Research Domain

Background: The Research Domain Criteria seeks to bridge knowledge from neuroscience with clinical practice by promoting research into valid neurocognitive phenotypes and dimensions, irrespective of symptoms and diagnoses as currently conceptualized. While the Research Domain Criteria offers a vision of future research and practice, its 39 functional constructs need refinement to better target new phenotyping efforts. This study aimed to determine which Research Domain Criteria constructs are most relevant to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, based on a consensus between experts in the field of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Methods: Based on a modified Delphi method, 46 experts were recruited from Australia, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Over three rounds, experts had the opportunity to review their opinion in light of feedback from the previous round, which included how their response compared to other experts and a summary of comments given. Results: Thirty-four experts completed round one, of whom 28 (82%) completed round two and 24 (71%) completed round three. At the final round, four constructs were endorsed by ⩾75% of experts as ‘primary constructs’ and therefore central to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Of these constructs, one came from the Positive Valence System (Habit), two from the Cognitive Control System (Response Selection/Inhibition and Performance Monitoring) and the final construct was an additional item suggested by experts (Compulsivity). Conclusion: This study identified four Research Domain Criteria constructs that, according to experts, cut across different obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. These constructs represent key areas for future investigation, and may have potential implications for clinical practice in terms of diagnostic processes and therapeutic management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.

Research Domain Criteria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Bohon
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Improving Patient Care ◽  
Research Domain

A primary goal of the research domain criteria (RDoC) project from the National Institute of Mental Health in the United States is to better characterize and understand the pathology and etiology of mental illness by examining constructs with biological underpinnings and their effects on psychiatric symptoms. This endeavor shows promise in helping to better conceptualize dysfunction in the field of eating disorders, where there appears to be great heterogeneity within diagnostic groups. Treatments designed for a particular diagnosis may result in improved remission rates if they instead target underlying mechanisms of eating disorder symptoms. This system is not without challenge and limitations, however. This chapter includes a brief review of relevant literature on the proposed RDoC functional domains in eating disorders and discussion of the benefits and costs of this type of approach in improving patient care.

The Nimh Research Domain Criteria Project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce N. Cuthbert
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Research Domain

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project grew from recognized deficiencies in currently used diagnostic schemes for mental illness, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). While the latter is based on a series of signs and symptoms of illnesses that can co-occur in groups of individuals, without consideration of underlying biological factors, RDoC is based on the increasing ability to relate normal as well as abnormal behavior to particular molecules and circuits in the brain across animal species and humans. Behavioral domains include negative valence systems (e.g., fear and anxiety), positive valence systems (e.g., reward and motivation), cognitive systems, social processes, and arousal and regulatory systems, several of which might be affected in a given DSM disease classification. RDoC is seen as a step toward a “precision psychiatry,” where increasing knowledge of the genetic, molecular, cellular, and circuit basis of mental illness will yield biologically based diagnoses that offer important pathophysiological, treatment, and prognostic implications.

scholarly journals Irritability through Research Domain Criteria: an opportunity for transdiagnostic conceptualisation

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Bell ◽  
Richard A. Bryant ◽  
Philip Boyce ◽  
Richard J. Porter ◽  
Gin S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Many ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Shed Light

Irritability is a transdiagnostic phenomenon that, despite its ubiquity and significant impact, is poorly conceptualised, defined and measured. As it lacks specificity, efforts to examine irritability in adults by using a diagnostic category perspective have been hamstrung. Therefore, using a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach to examine irritability in adults, which spans many constructs and domains, may have a better chance of yielding underlying mechanisms that can then be mapped onto various diagnostic categories. Recently, a model has been proposed for irritability in children and adolescents that uses the RDoC framework; however, this model, which accounts for chronic, persistent irritability, may not necessarily transpose to adults. Therefore, use of the RDoC framework to examine irritability in adults is urgently needed, as it may shed light on this currently amorphous phenomenon and the many disorders within which it operates.

Measuring the biological embedding of racial trauma among Black Americans utilizing the RDoC approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1849-1863
Author(s):  
Sierra E. Carter ◽  
Frederick X. Gibbons ◽  
Steven R.H. Beach
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Racial Trauma ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Chronic Stressor ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Research Domain

AbstractThe National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative aims to understand the mechanisms influencing psychopathology through a dimensional approach. Limited research thus far has considered potential racial/ethnic differences in RDoC constructs that are influenced by developmental and contextual processes. A growing body of research has demonstrated that racial trauma is a pervasive chronic stressor that impacts the health of Black Americans across the life course. In this review article, we examine the ways that an RDOC framework could allow us to better understand the biological embedding of racial trauma among Black Americans. We also specifically examine the Negative Valence System domain of RDoC to explore how racial trauma is informed by and can help expand our understanding of this domain. We end the review by providing some additional research considerations and future research directives in the area of racial trauma that build on the RDoC initiative.

scholarly journals The research domain criteria framework in drug discovery for neuropsychiatric diseases: focus on negative valence

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 239821281880403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet R. Nicholson ◽  
Bernd Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Observable Behaviour ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Research Domain

Drug discovery, particularly in the field of central nervous system, has had very limited success in the last few decades. A likely contributor is the poor translation between preclinical and clinical phases. The Research Domain Criteria of the National Institutes of Mental Health is a framework which aims to identify new ways of classifying mental illnesses that are based on observable behaviour and neurobiological measures, and to provide a guiding and evolving framework to improve the translation from preclinical to clinical research. At the core of the Research Domain Criteria approach is the assumption that the dimensional constructs described can be assessed across different units of analysis, thus enabling a more precise quantitative understanding of their neurobiological underpinnings, increasing the likelihood of identifying new and effective therapeutic approaches. In the present review, we discuss how the Research Domain Criteria can be applied to drug discovery with the domain Negative Valence, construct Potential Threat (‘Anxiety’) as an example. We will discuss the evidence supporting the utility of the Research Domain Criteria approach and evaluate how close we are to achieving a common thread of translational research from gene to self-report.

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

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