Polygenic effects of schizophrenia on hippocampal grey matter volume and hippocampus–medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Liu ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Hao Yan ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
A Genome

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with high heritability and polygenic inheritance. Multimodal neuroimaging studies have also indicated that abnormalities of brain structure and function are a plausible neurobiological characterisation of schizophrenia. However, the polygenic effects of schizophrenia on these imaging endophenotypes have not yet been fully elucidated.AimsTo investigate the effects of polygenic risk for schizophrenia on the brain grey matter volume and functional connectivity, which are disrupted in schizophrenia.MethodGenomic and neuroimaging data from a large sample of Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia (N = 509) and healthy controls (N = 502) were included in this study. We examined grey matter volume and functional connectivity via structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Using the data from a recent meta-analysis of a genome-wide association study that comprised a large number of Chinese people, we calculated a polygenic risk score (PGRS) for each participant.ResultsThe imaging genetic analysis revealed that the individual PGRS showed a significantly negative correlation with the hippocampal grey matter volume and hippocampus–medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity, both of which were lower in the people with schizophrenia than in the controls. We also found that the observed neuroimaging measures showed weak but similar changes in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that genetically influenced brain grey matter volume and functional connectivity may provide important clues for understanding the pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia and for the early diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Habitual ‘sleep credit’ is associated with greater grey matter volume of the medial prefrontal cortex, higher emotional intelligence and better mental health

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareen Weber ◽  
Christian A. Webb ◽  
Sophie R. Deldonno ◽  
Maia Kipman ◽  
Zachary J. Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Altered heartbeat perception sensitivity associated with brain structural alterations in generalised anxiety disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. e100057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Qiang Hu ◽  
Lanlan Zhang ◽  
Yi Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Heartbeat Perception

BackgroundPalpitation is a common complaint in generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). Brain imaging studies have investigated the neural mechanism of heartbeat perception in healthy volunteers. This study explored the neuroanatomical differences of altered heartbeat perception in patients with GAD using structural MRI.AimsBased on the strong somatic-interoceptive symptoms in GAD, we explored the regional structural brain abnormalities involved in heartbeat perception in patients with GAD.MethodsThis study was applied to the a priori regions using neuroanatomical theories of heartbeat perception, including the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area and prefrontal cortex. A total of 19 patients with GAD and 19 healthy control subjects were enrolled. We used the FMRIB Software Library voxel-based morphometry software for estimating the grey matter volume of these regions of interest and analysed the correlation between heartbeat perception sensitivity and the volume of abnormal grey matter.ResultsPatients with GAD showed a significantly decreased volume of grey matter in their left medial prefrontal cortex, right orbital frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. The grey matter volume of the left medial prefrontal cortex negatively correlated with heartbeat perception sensitivity in patients with GAD.ConclusionsIt should be the first study that shows heartbeat perception is associated with brain structure in GAD. Our findings suggest that the frontal region may play an important role in aberrant heartbeat perception processing in patients with GAD, and this may be an underlying mechanism resulting in the abnormal cardiovascular complaints in GAD. This is hypothesised as a ‘top-down’ deficiency, especially in the medial prefrontal cortex. This will provide the foundation for a more targeted region for neuromodulation intervention in the future.

scholarly journals 0315 Gray Matter Volume of the Rostral Medial Prefrontal Cortex is Associated with Resilience to Mood Decline During Overnight Sleep Deprivation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A119-A119
Author(s):  
I Anlap ◽  
E Taylor ◽  
M A Grandner ◽  
W D Killgore
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Cluster Threshold ◽  
Subjective Alertness

Abstract Introduction Vulnerability to sleep deprivation (SD) has been attributed to inter-individual trait-like differences in the ability to sustain vigilance and subjective alertness, which may have distinct neurobiological substrates. We have previously shown that reduced suppression of the Default Mode Network (DMN) during a cognitive task was predictive of global vulnerability to SD. However, little is known about vulnerability to mood decrements during SD and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we assessed structural differences in gray matter volume (GMV) of a region of the anterior DMN, the medial prefrontal cortex and its association with self-reported mood during 29 hours of SD. Methods 45 healthy participants (23 male; Ages 20-43) underwent 3T structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Within 4 days, participants underwent an overnight SD session (29 hours awake total) which included hourly mood assessments with several visual analog mood scales (VAMS) assessing positive and negative affect. Hourly VAMS data were converted into a comparative metric of percent worsening of mood scores from 19:00 until noon the next day. These scores were averaged to determine a “mood resilience” score, with higher scores indicating greater mood sustainment. Using SPM12, the mean mood resilience scores were correlated with whole-brain gray matter volume, restricted to the medial prefrontal cortex, p<.05, FWE corrected, with a cluster threshold of 137 voxels. Results Overnight mood resilience was significantly correlated with greater grey matter volume in right rostral medial prefrontal cortex (p<.05, corrected; k=137). Conclusion Individuals with greater gray matter volume within a circumscribed region of the right medial prefrontal cortex demonstrated greater resilience to mood degradation over 29 hours of continuous wakefulness. This same region of the brain has been shown to be critical for the passive maintenance of emotions. We speculate that greater GMV could protect against mood decline by better sustaining emotional state during SD. Support Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Young Faculty Award: DARPA-12-12-11-YFA11-FP-029

Hemispheric asymmetries of functional connectivity and grey matter volume in the default mode network

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1308-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Saenger ◽  
Fernando A. Barrios ◽  
María L. Martínez-Gudiño ◽  
Sarael Alcauter
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetries ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Matter Volume

Effects of polygenic risk of schizophrenia on interhemispheric callosal white matter integrity and frontotemporal functional connectivity in first-episode schizophrenia

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wenjun Su ◽  
Aihua Yuan ◽  
Yingying Tang ◽  
Lihua Xu ◽  
Yanyan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Corona Radiata ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a severely debilitating psychiatric disorder with high heritability and polygenic architecture. A higher polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (SzPRS) has been associated with smaller gray matter volume, lower activation, and decreased functional connectivity (FC). However, the effect of polygenic inheritance on the brain white matter microstructure has only been sparsely reported. Methods Eighty-four patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and ninety-three healthy controls (HC) with genetics, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were included in our study. We investigated impaired white matter integrity as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) in the FES group, further examined the effect of SzPRS on white matter FA and FC in the regions connected by SzPRS-related white matter tracts. Results Decreased FA was observed in FES in many commonly identified regions. Among these regions, we observed that in the FES group, but not the HC group, SzPRS was negatively associated with the mean FA in the genu and body of corpus callosum, right anterior corona radiata, and right superior corona radiata. Higher SzPRS was also associated with lower FCs between the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)–left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), right IFG–left ITG, right IFG–left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and right IFG–right MFG in the FES group. Conclusion Higher polygenic risks are linked with disrupted white matter integrity and FC in patients with schizophrenia. These correlations are strongly driven by the interhemispheric callosal fibers and the connections between frontotemporal regions.

scholarly journals Relationship between depression, prefrontal creatine and grey matter volume

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112110505
Author(s):  
Paul Faulkner ◽  
Susanna Lucini Paioni ◽  
Petya Kozhuharova ◽  
Natasza Orlov ◽  
David J Lythgoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Matter Volume

Background: Depression and low mood are leading contributors to disability worldwide. Research indicates that clinical depression may be associated with low creatine concentrations in the brain and low prefrontal grey matter volume. Because subclinical depression also contributes to difficulties in day-to-day life, understanding the neural mechanisms of depressive symptoms in all individuals, even at a subclinical level, may aid public health. Methods: Eighty-four young adult participants completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) to quantify severity of depression, anxiety and stress, and underwent 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the medial prefrontal cortex and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine whole-brain grey matter volume. Results/outcomes: DASS depression scores were negatively associated (a) with concentrations of creatine (but not other metabolites) in the prefrontal cortex and (b) with grey matter volume in the right superior medial frontal gyrus. Medial prefrontal creatine concentrations and right superior medial frontal grey matter volume were positively correlated. DASS anxiety and DASS stress scores were not related to prefrontal metabolite concentrations or whole-brain grey matter volume. Conclusions/interpretations: This study provides preliminary evidence from a representative group of individuals who exhibit a range of depression levels that prefrontal creatine and grey matter volume are negatively associated with depression. While future research is needed to fully understand this relationship, these results provide support for previous findings, which indicate that increasing creatine concentrations in the prefrontal cortex may improve mood and well-being.

scholarly journals Structural abnormalities in gyri of the prefrontal cortex in individuals with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings

2010 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Harms ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Carolina Campanella ◽  
Kristina Aldridge ◽  
Amanda J. Moffitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

BackgroundThe relatives of individuals with schizophrenia exhibit deficits of overall frontal lobe volume, consistent with a genetic contribution to these deficits.AimsTo quantify the structure of gyral-defined subregions of prefrontal cortex in individuals with schizophrenia and their siblings.MethodGrey matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area of the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri were measured in participants with schizophrenia and their unaffected (non-psychotic) siblings (n = 26 pairs), and controls and their siblings (n = 40 pairs).ResultsGrey matter volume was reduced in the middle and inferior frontal gyri of individuals with schizophrenia, relative to controls. However, only inferior frontal gyrus volume was also reduced in the unaffected siblings of those with schizophrenia, yielding a volume intermediate between their affected siblings and controls.ConclusionsThe structure of subregions of the prefrontal cortex may be differentially influenced by genetic factors in schizophrenia, with inferior frontal gyrus volume being most related to familial risk.

scholarly journals Acquired olfactory loss alters functional connectivity and morphology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Iravani ◽  
Moa G. Peter ◽  
Artin Arshamian ◽  
Mats J. Olsson ◽  
Thomas Hummel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Dynamic Functional Connectivity ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Olfactory Loss

AbstractRemoving function from a developed and functional sensory system is known to alter both cerebral morphology and functional connections. To date, a majority of studies assessing sensory-dependent plasticity have focused on effects from either early onset or long-term sensory loss and little is known how the recent sensory loss affects the human brain. With the aim of determining how recent sensory loss affects cerebral morphology and functional connectivity, we assessed differences between individuals with acquired olfactory loss (duration 7–36 months) and matched healthy controls in their grey matter volume, using multivariate pattern analyses, and functional connectivity, using dynamic connectivity analyses, within and from the olfactory cortex. Our results demonstrate that acquired olfactory loss is associated with altered grey matter volume in, among others, posterior piriform cortex, a core olfactory processing area, as well as the inferior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus. In addition, compared to controls, individuals with acquired anosmia displayed significantly stronger dynamic functional connectivity from the posterior piriform cortex to, among others, the angular gyrus, a known multisensory integration area. When assessing differences in dynamic functional connectivity from the angular gyrus, individuals with acquired anosmia had stronger connectivity from the angular gyrus to areas primary responsible for basic visual processing. These results demonstrate that recently acquired sensory loss is associated with both changed cerebral morphology within core olfactory areas and increase dynamic functional connectivity from olfactory cortex to cerebral areas processing multisensory integration.

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