scholarly journals Evolutionary biology: an essential basic science for the training of the next generation of psychiatrists

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-701
Author(s):  
Riadh Abed ◽  
Agnes Ayton ◽  
Paul St John-Smith ◽  
Annie Swanepoel ◽  
Derek K. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Basic Science ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Study Research ◽  
New Models ◽  
Evolutionary Science ◽  
High Level ◽  
Psychiatric Study

SummaryEvolutionary science can serve as the high-level organising principle for understanding psychiatry. Evolutionary concepts generate new models and ideas for future psychiatric study, research, policy and therapy. The authors accordingly make the case for the inclusion of evolutionary biology in the postgraduate education of psychiatric trainees.

A Review on Quantum Dots: Synthesis to In- silico Analysis as Next Generation Antibacterial Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sounik Manna ◽  
Munmun Ghosh ◽  
Ranadhir Chakraborty ◽  
Sudipto Ghosh ◽  
Santi M. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Mechanism Of Reaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Membrane Components

Succumbing to Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria is a great distress to the recent health care system. Out of the several attempts that have been made to kill MDR pathogens, a few gained short-lived success. The failures, of the discovered or innovated antimicrobials, were mostly due to their high level of toxicity to hosts and the phenomenal rate of developing resistance by the pathogens against the new arsenal. Recently, a few quantum dots were tested against the pathogenic bacteria and therefore, justified for potential stockpiling of next-generation antibacterial agents. The key players for antimicrobial properties of quantum dots are considered to be Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The mechanism of reaction between bacteria and quantum dots needs to be better understood. They are generally targeted towards the cell wall and membrane components as lipoteichoic acid and phosphatidyl glycerol of bacteria have been documented here. In this paper, we have attempted to simulate ZnS quantum dots and have analysed their mechanism of reaction as well as binding potential to the above bacterial membrane components using CDOCKER. Results have shown a high level of antibacterial activity towards several pathogenic bacteria which specify their potentiality for future generation antibacterial drug development.

scholarly journals Recent Advances and Applications of Bacterial Cellulose in Biomedicine

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Sam Swingler ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
Hazel Gibson ◽  
Marek Kowalczuk ◽  
Wayne Heaselgrave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Water ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Chemical Purity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Extracellular Polymer

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an extracellular polymer produced by Komagateibacter xylinus, which has been shown to possess a multitude of properties, which makes it innately useful as a next-generation biopolymer. The structure of BC is comprised of glucose monomer units polymerised by cellulose synthase in β-1-4 glucan chains which form uniaxially orientated BC fibril bundles which measure 3–8 nm in diameter. BC is chemically identical to vegetal cellulose. However, when BC is compared with other natural or synthetic analogues, it shows a much higher performance in biomedical applications, potable treatment, nano-filters and functional applications. The main reason for this superiority is due to the high level of chemical purity, nano-fibrillar matrix and crystallinity. Upon using BC as a carrier or scaffold with other materials, unique and novel characteristics can be observed, which are all relatable to the features of BC. These properties, which include high tensile strength, high water holding capabilities and microfibrillar matrices, coupled with the overall physicochemical assets of bacterial cellulose makes it an ideal candidate for further scientific research into biopolymer development. This review thoroughly explores several areas in which BC is being investigated, ranging from biomedical applications to electronic applications, with a focus on the use as a next-generation wound dressing. The purpose of this review is to consolidate and discuss the most recent advancements in the applications of bacterial cellulose, primarily in biomedicine, but also in biotechnology.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Azuay Province, Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Julio Jaramillo-Monge ◽  
Michael Obimpeh ◽  
Bernardo Vega ◽  
David Acurio ◽  
Annelies Boven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

We investigated the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance level in Azuay province, Ecuador through an online survey from 12th to 26th February (before the start of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Ecuador). Overall, 1219 respondents participated in the survey. The mean age was 32 ± 13 years; 693 participants (57%) were female. In total, 1109 (91%) of the participants indicated they were willing to be vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine, if the vaccine is at least 95% effective; 835 (68.5%) if it is 90% effective and 493 (40.5%) if it is 70% effective; 676 (55.5%) participants indicated they feared side effects and 237 (19.4%) thought the vaccine was not effective. Older age, having had a postgraduate education, a history of a negative COVID-19 test, a high level of worry of contracting COVID-19, believing that COVID-19 infection can be prevented with a vaccine and understanding there is currently an effective vaccine against COVID-19 were associated with higher vaccination acceptance. A vaccination education campaign will be needed to increase the knowledge of Ecuadorians about the COVID-19 vaccine and to increase their trust in the vaccine. People with a lower education level and living in rural areas may need to be targeted during such a campaign.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of expression indicators and accentuated personality traits in men with psoriasis without taking into account somatotype and in representatives of meso- and endo-mesomorphic somatotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-544
Author(s):  
Obadeh Bassam Abdel-Rahman Al-Qaraleh ◽  
V. I. Stepanenko ◽  
T. G. Kryvonis ◽  
V. S. Shkolnikov ◽  
S. V. Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Medical University

Annotation. Exacerbation and aggravation of psoriasis increases the chances of neurosis, depression, can significantly impair mental health through social stigma and leads to social isolation and maladaptation, a significant reduction in quality of life. Studying this problem from the standpoint of comparative assessment of the distribution of character accentuations in patients with different dermatoses can provide insight into how a certain level of adequacy of psychological adaptive response is associated with organic pathological process or genetically existing expression of certain traits. The aim of the study was to found the features of indicators of expression and features of accentuated personality traits in men with psoriasis without taking into account somatotype and in representatives of meso- and endo-mesomorphic somatotypes. Men aged 22 to 35 years, patients with psoriasis (n=100, including 32 with mild and 68 with severe course) at the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases with a course of postgraduate education National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya and Military Medical Clinical Center of the Central Region, conducted an anthropometric survey by V. V. Bunak Estimation of the expression and features of accentuated personality traits made according to G. Shmishek The reliability of the difference between the values between the independent quantitative values was determined using the U-Mann-Whitney test. In healthy subjects, taking into account and without taking into account the somatotype, it is seen that the type of physique did not significantly affect the severity of individual traits and their combinations in this group of people. With the increase in the course of psoriasis among subjects without somatotype, there is a decrease in the percentage of persons with hyperthymic and demonstrative and an increase – with emotional, pedantic, anxious, cyclothymic, excitable, dysthymic and exalted type of character accentuation; among patients of mesomorphic somatotype there is a decrease in the percentage of people with stuck and demonstrative and an increase – with emotional, pedantic, anxious, cyclothymic, excitable, dysthymic and exalted type of character accentuation; among patients of endo-mesomorphic somatotype there is a decrease in the percentage of people with hypertension and an increase – with stuck, demonstrative and excitable type of character accentuation. All this maintains a pathologically high level of affective tension, which disrupts the autonomic balance in the body, can be a pathogenic factor in the development of psychosomatic illness and leads to ineffective treatment of psoriasis.

scholarly journals The Improvement of a Tax Compliance Program: the Case of Mersin City

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Assoc. Prof. Dr. İhsan Erdem Sofraci ◽  
Gökben GÜNEY
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Compliance Program ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

As it known, postgraduate education contributes to the development of individuals who the community needs and have high level knowledge and skills, also it helps to manyindividuals to specialize and have a career. Many public institutions provide scholarships for the development of postgraduate education, also they provide Erasmus facility to them in Turkey. Postgraduate education prepares to individuals to the academic world by combining research methods lesson and on the use of SPSS with a course-based. Students who have completed the 10 lessons in the postgraduate education are starting their thesis studies with the form of a thesis proposal which must be given within the legal process. So we started to work about voluntary tax compliance that we have determined with our advisor after the thesis phase, we have combined it with the basic subjects of the tax ethics and tax consciousness in the Public Finance. The aim of this study is to examine the thesis study for the explain the mechanism of postgraduate education of Mersin University the study named “The Improvement of A Tax Compliance Program: A Case of Mersin City” which currently being carried out with BAP (Scientific Research Projects) support. In this study including that the definition of voluntary compliance, theoretical development and evaluation of successful country implementations. It aims to reach 400 people on the basis of Mersin City by following the quantitative research strategy. Survey method will be used for the collection of data and SPSS Statistics 20 for analyzing of data for empirical part of thesis.* This study was supported by the Research Fund of Mersin University in Turkey with Project Number 2017-1-TP2-2249.

Evolution theory and the future of humanity

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Wills
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Homo Erectus ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Evolution Theory ◽  
The Future ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
High Level

No field of science has cast more light on both the past and the future of our species than evolutionary biology. Recently, the pace of new discoveries about how we have evolved has increased (Culotta and Pennisi, 2005). It is now clear that we are less unique than we used to think. Genetic and palaeontological evidence is now accumulating that hominids with a high level of intelligence, tool-making ability, and probably communication skills have evolved independently more than once. They evolved in Africa (our own ancestors), in Europe (the ancestors of the Neanderthals) and in Southeast Asia (the remarkable ‘hobbits’, who may be miniaturized and highly acculturated Homo erectus). It is also becoming clear that the genes that contribute to the characteristics of our species can be found and that the histories of these genes can be understood. Comparisons of entire genomes have shown that genes involved in brain function have evolved more quickly in hominids than in more distantly related primates. The genetic differences among human groups can now be investigated. Characters that we tend to think of as extremely important markers enabling us to distinguish among different human groups now turn out to be understandable at the genetic level, and their genetic history can be traced. Recently a single allelic difference between Europeans and Africans has been found (Lamason et al., 2005). This functional allelic difference accounts for about a third of the differences in skin pigmentation in these groups. Skin colour differences, in spite of the great importance they have assumed in human societies, are the result of natural selection acting on a small number of genes that are likely to have no effects beyond their influence on skin colour itself. How do these and other recent findings from fields ranging from palaeontology to molecular biology fit into present-day evolution theory, and what light do they cast on how our species is likely to evolve in the future? I will introduce this question by examining briefly how evolutionary change takes place.

Evolution: medicine’s most basic science

2010 ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph M. Nesse ◽  
Richard Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Evolutionary Methods

The role of evolutionary biology as a basic science for medicine has been expanding rapidly. Some evolutionary methods are already widely applied in medicine, such as population genetics and methods for analysing phylogenetic trees. Newer applications come from seeking evolutionary as well as proximate explanations for disease. ...

Evolution: Medicine’s most basic science

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Randolph M. Nesse ◽  
Richard Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Cost

The role of evolutionary biology as a basic science for medicine is expanding rapidly. Some evolutionary methods are already widely applied in medicine, such as population genetics and methods for analysing phylogenetic trees. Newer applications come from seeking evolutionary as well as proximate explanations for disease. Traditional medical research is restricted to proximate studies of the body’s mechanism, but separate evolutionary explanations are needed for why natural selection has left many aspects of the body vulnerable to disease. There are six main possibilities: mismatch, infection, constraints, trade-offs, reproduction at the cost of health, and adaptive defences. Like other basic sciences, evolutionary biology has limited direct clinical implications, but it provides essential research methods, encourages asking new questions that foster a deeper understanding of disease, and provides a framework that organizes the facts of medicine.

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