scholarly journals Predictors of psychotic symptoms among young people with special educational needs

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (01) ◽  
pp. 422-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Stanfield ◽  
Andrew G. McKechanie ◽  
Stephen M. Lawrie ◽  
Eve C. Johnstone ◽  
David G.C. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Syndrome Scale

BackgroundPsychotic symptoms and psychotic disorders occur at increased rates in adults with intellectual disability, including borderline intellectual functioning, compared with the general population. Little is known about the development of such symptoms in this population.AimsTo examine whether clinical factors predictive of psychotic disorder in a familial study of schizophrenia also apply to those with intellectual disability.MethodAdolescents with special educational needs (SEN) were assessed with the Structured Interview for Schizotypy (SIS) and Childhood Behavioural Checklist (CBCL). These scores were used to prospectively divide participants based on their anticipated risk for psychotic disorder. A subsample were reassessed three times over 6 years, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).ResultsThe SEN group were more symptomatic than controls throughout (Cohen's d range for PANSS subscale scores: 0.54–1.4, all P < 0.007). Over 6 years of follow-up, those above the SIS and CBCL cut-off values at baseline were more likely than those below to display morbid positive psychotic symptoms (odds ratio, 3.5; 95% CI 1.3–9.0) and develop psychotic disorder (odds ratio, 11.4; 95% CI 2.6–50.1). Baseline SIS and CBCL cut-off values predicted psychotic disorder with sensitivity of 0.67, specificity of 0.85, positive predictive value of 0.26 and negative predictive value of 0.97.ConclusionsAdolescents with SEN have increased psychotic and non-psychotic symptoms. The personality and behavioural features associated with later psychotic disorder in this group are similar to those in people with familial loading. Relatively simple screening measures may help identify those in this vulnerable group who do and do not require monitoring for psychotic symptoms.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals The Comparison Between Positive & Negative Symptoms Severity in Prolonged Methamphetamine-Induced Psychotic Disorder and Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Ahmadkhaniha ◽  
◽  
Nazanin Ayazi ◽  
Kaveh Alavi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Najarzadegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: This study aims to compare the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia in patients who had psychotic symptoms more than one month after discontinuation of methamphetamine abuse. These factors were analyzed by the PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) questionnaire. Materials and Methods: 60 participants were selected from patients referred to Iran Psychiatric Hospital with psychotic symptoms (delusions or hallucinations, disorganized behavior, and speech). The control group was 30 patients with schizophrenia based on a semi-structured interview according to DSM-IV-TR (SCID). 30 patients with the prolonged methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder had been also placed in the case group. For both groups of patients, questionnaires of PANSS, BPRS, GAF was filled after obtaining the consent of the company. The scale scores were compared between groups. To evaluate the mean of PANSS, BPRS, and the GAF scores between the two groups we used the Mann-Whitney and the chi-square test. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of positive and general pathology scores between two groups but the total score of negative symptoms in the schizophrenia group was significantly higher than the group of prolonged methamphetamine psychotic disorders (P = 0.034). Average scores of Uncooperativeness (0.013), Unusual thought content (0.004), Motor retardation (0.011), unusual thought content (0.002) and, Hostility (0.001) in schizophrenia were significantly higher than prolonged methamphetamine psychosis. Conclusion: The results showed that most of the disturbances in patients with schizophrenia may be more influenced by the expression of cognitive disabilities in them compared to patients with methamphetamine psychosis. The difference in scores of negative symptoms suggesting that schizophrenia and prolonged methamphetamine psychotic disorder can be two different disorders.

Frontal Lobe Epilepsy Presenting as a Psychotic Disorder With Delusions and Hallucinations: A Case Study

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 64-66,82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie J. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Frontal Lobe Seizures

AbstractAlthough psychotic symptoms are a recognized manifestation of epilepsy, these are more often associated with seizures of the temporal lobe type. While 10% of children with temporal lobe epilepsy develop a psychotic disorder by adulthood, the literature does not report any cases of psychotic disorders associated with frontal lobe seizures in children. This article presents a unique case of a girl whose frontal lobe seizures were associated with delusional psychotic symptoms. Once her seizure disorder was identified through electroencephalography (EEG) and appropriate anticonvulsant therapy was initiated, her associated psychotic symptoms resolved.

Dynamic networks of psychotic symptoms in adults living in precarious housing or homelessness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Andrea A. Jones ◽  
Kristina M. Gicas ◽  
Sara Mostafavi ◽  
Melissa L. Woodward ◽  
Olga Leonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Network Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Precarious Housing

Abstract Background People living in precarious housing or homelessness have higher than expected rates of psychotic disorders, persistent psychotic symptoms, and premature mortality. Psychotic symptoms can be modeled as a complex dynamic system, allowing assessment of roles for risk factors in symptom development, persistence, and contribution to premature mortality. Method The severity of delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinations, suspiciousness, and unusual thought content was rated monthly over 5 years in a community sample of precariously housed/homeless adults (n = 375) in Vancouver, Canada. Multilevel vector auto-regression analysis was used to construct temporal, contemporaneous, and between-person symptom networks. Network measures were compared between participants with (n = 219) or without (n = 156) history of psychotic disorder using bootstrap and permutation analyses. Relationships between network connectivity and risk factors including homelessness, trauma, and substance dependence were estimated by multiple linear regression. The contribution of network measures to premature mortality was estimated by Cox proportional hazard models. Results Delusions and unusual thought content were central symptoms in the multilevel network. Each psychotic symptom was positively reinforcing over time, an effect most pronounced in participants with a history of psychotic disorder. Global connectivity was similar between those with and without such a history. Greater connectivity between symptoms was associated with methamphetamine dependence and past trauma exposure. Auto-regressive connectivity was associated with premature mortality in participants under age 55. Conclusions Past and current experiences contribute to the severity and dynamic relationships between psychotic symptoms. Interrupting the self-perpetuating severity of psychotic symptoms in a vulnerable group of people could contribute to reducing premature mortality.

scholarly journals COLLABORATION-BASED SUPPORT PROVISION MODELS FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Rita Kantanavičiūtė ◽  
Laima Tomėnienė
Keyword(s):  
Special Educators ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Support Provision ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Speech Therapists

The article aims to reveal collaboration-based support provision models for a child with special educational needs and his/her family in Lithuania. The qualitative research method used was a semi-structured interview. The participants of the research were special educators and speech therapists providing support to school-age children with special educational needs. The obtained results of the research helped to reveal children support specialists’ attitude towards collaboration-based support provision to a child with special educational needs and his/her family in Lithuania. The research revealed the importance and opportunities of the implementation of interprofessional coordinated support based on interprofessional collaboration, referring to the experience of speech therapists and special educators providing support to a school-age child with special educational needs and his/her family. 

The interaction between neurocognitive functioning, subthreshold psychotic symptoms and pharmacotherapy in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A longitudinal comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Weinberger ◽  
O. Weisman ◽  
Y. Guri ◽  
T. Harel ◽  
A. Weizman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Genetic Syndrome

AbstractBackgroundThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common genetic syndrome associated with schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the interaction between neurocognitive functioning, the presence of subthreshold psychotic symptoms (SPS) and conversion to psychosis in individuals with 22q11DS. In addition, we attempted to identify the specific neurocognitive domains that predict the longitudinal evolution of positive and negative SPS, as well as the effect of psychiatric medications on 22q11DS psychiatric and cognitive developmental trajectories.MethodsForty-four participants with 22q11DS, 19 with Williams syndrome (WS) and 30 typically developing (TD) controls, age range 12–35 years, were assessed at two time points (15.2 ± 2.1 months apart). Evaluation included the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms (SIPS), structured psychiatric evaluation and the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB).Results22q11DS individuals with SPS had a yearly conversion rate to psychotic disorders of 8.8%, compared to none in both WS and TD controls. Baseline levels of negative SPS were associated with global neurocognitive performance (GNP), executive function and social cognition deficits, in individuals with 22q11DS, but not in WS. Deficits in GNP predicted negative SPS in 22q11DS and the emergence or persistence of negative SPS. 22q11DS individuals treated with psychiatric medications showed significant improvement in GNP score between baseline and follow-up assessments, an improvement that was not seen in untreated 22q11DS.ConclusionsOur results highlight the time-dependent interplay among positive and negative SPS symptoms, neurocognition and pharmacotherapy in the prediction of the evolution of psychosis in 22q11DS.

scholarly journals Pathological laughing and psychotic disorder: the medical evaluation of the Joker

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1379-1382
Author(s):  
Alexis Demas ◽  
David Tillot
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Physically Abused ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Origin Story

Abstract In the psychological thriller film Joker, released in 2019 and starring Joaquin Phoenix in the first role, another possible origin story for this iconic character is reported. Above all, it brings us medical elements for the understanding of the development of this complex character. Contrary to other interpretations, we discover a lonely, timid and uncharismatic man (Arthur Fleck). He seems to be suffering from psychobehavioral disorders and seems depressed. There is a strangeness in his behavior along with social withdrawal. He suffers from fits of laughter that occur at socially inappropriate times. He also suffers from psychotic symptoms with visual delusions. We learn through the film that he was a beaten child, psychologically and physically abused with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The uncontrollable outbursts of laughter, behavioral and psychotic disorders followed these elements. As a neurologist, I was intrigued by these symptoms. I have explored the neuropsychiatric symptoms complicating TBI from which he seems to suffer and which have been reported in the literature. We can assume that the Joker is suffering from neuropsychiatric sequelae related to childhood TBI involving the frontotemporal regions and, in particular, the lateral aspect of the left frontal lobe. The movie Joker has medical significance and covers social aspects of medicine and health care. First, it allows us to discuss whether psychotic disorder due to TBI should be considered a neurobiological syndrome. More broadly, albeit fictitious, it asks us about the management of patients with neuropsychiatric illness, which is a public health problem. It also reminds us that semiological descriptions of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders have served as inspiration for many authors.

scholarly journals M92. THE OVERLAP BETWEEN PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS, SUBSTANCE USE, AND ADVERSITY HISTORY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S169-S170
Author(s):  
Victoria Patterson ◽  
Alissa Pencer ◽  
Philip Tibbo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Research has found that adversity and substance use individually influence the onset of psychosis and its clinical outcomes, though there has been little examination of a potential three-way interaction. An estimated 30–75% of individuals with psychosis have experienced at least one adverse event that predates their psychotic symptoms, and substance misuse is estimated to exceed 55% in individuals with psychosis. The current systematic review is the first attempt to review the temporal ordering of adversity, psychosis, and substance misuse, as well as examining the effect of type (e.g., type of adversity, type of substance) on the association between these variables. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search strategy and review of studies against strict inclusion and exclusion criteria was completed. Studies published between 2000 and 2020 were included from PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the grey literature. Inclusion criteria, all of which must be met within a single study, included a diagnosed psychotic disorder, experiencing at least one adverse event, and current or past problematic substance use (i.e., substance misuse). High-risk and prodromal studies were excluded. We used search term combinations such as (schizophrenia OR schizoaffective) AND (adversity or trauma OR abuse) AND (“substance abuse” OR cannabis OR cocaine). Results Our initial search found 7,183 papers examining psychotic disorders, substance misuse, and adversity. Preliminary results for included studies indicate that 13 studies met criteria for inclusion. Across studies, the prevalence of experiencing at least one adverse event ranged from 24.8 to 100%, with significant variation in rates among studies due to variance in definitions of adversity, instruments used, and types of adverse events assessed. It is noteworthy that people with a psychotic disorder and a substance use disorder experienced more adverse events compared to people with a psychotic disorder and no substance use disorder. Moreover, individuals with a psychotic disorder, substance misuse, and a history of adversity are more likely to experience reduced functional outcomes, lower rates of remission of psychotic symptoms, and increased post-traumatic stress symptoms and diagnoses. Across studies, adversity appeared to precede substance misuse, which preceded psychotic disorder onset. Discussion Our results suggest that individuals affected by psychotic disorders, substance misuse, and a history of adversity fare worse than those without a history of adversity, even once enrolled in a treatment program for psychosis. Moreover, adversity appeared to precede both substance misuse and psychotic disorders, however, the role of additional adverse events within this relationship was not well-studied and should be examined in the future. Findings suggest that assessing for substance use and a history of adversity within psychosis treatment programs is a critical first step in the recovery for people affected by these psychiatric comorbidities and specific treatment options addressing these factors would be critical for recovery. Moreover, treatment options should be capable of targeting maintenance mechanisms (e.g., avoidance, hopelessness) shared by all three constructs to provide an integrated treatment approach.

scholarly journals From Speech Illusions to Onset of Psychotic Disorder: Applying Network Analysis to an Experimental Measure of Aberrant Experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindy-Lou Boyette ◽  
Adela-Maria Isvoranu ◽  
Frederike Schirmbeck ◽  
Eva Velthorst ◽  
Claudia J P Simons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Aberrant perceptional experiences are a potential early marker of psychosis development. Earlier studies have found experimentally assessed speech illusions to be associated with positive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders, but findings for attenuated symptoms in individuals without psychotic disorders have been inconsistent. Also, the role of affect is unclear. The aim of this study was to use the network approach to investigate how speech illusions relate to individual symptoms and onset of a psychotic disorder. We estimated a network model based on data from 289 Clinical High-Risk (CHR) subjects, participating in the EU-GEI project. The network structure depicts statistical associations between (affective and all) speech illusions, cross-sectional individual attenuated positive and affective symptoms, and transition to psychotic disorder after conditioning on all other variables in the network. Speech illusions were assessed with the White Noise Task, symptoms with the BPRS and transition during 24-month follow-up with the CAARMS. Affective, not all, speech illusions were found to be directly, albeit weakly, associated with hallucinatory experiences. Hallucinatory experiences, in turn, were associated with delusional ideation. Bizarre behavior was the only symptom in the network steadily predictive of transition. Affective symptoms were highly interrelated, with depression showing the highest overall strength of connections to and predictability by other symptoms. Both speech illusions and transition showed low overall predictability by symptoms. Our findings suggest that experimentally assessed speech illusions are not a mere consequence of psychotic symptoms or disorder, but that their single assessment is likely not useful for assessing transition risk.

Acute psychosis in an adolescent with cerebral palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S348-S348
Author(s):  
C.A. Moreira ◽  
A.R. Soares ◽  
G. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Brief Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Pubmed Search

IntroductionCerebral Palsy is a movement, posture or muscle toning disorder caused by an insult to the immature, developing brain, most often before birth. It is a leading cause for serious disabilities in childhood and a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders, particularly in adolescents. Moreover, according to DSM-5, a Brief psychotic disorder is a short-term illness with psychotic symptoms, which arise suddenly, but last for less than one month, after which the person recovers completely.Objectives/AimsThe authors aim to present a case of an adolescent with cerebral palsy who has developed secondary psychotic symptoms, a rare and sparsely understood phenomenon.MethodsA non-systematic review of English scientific literature was conducted through research in the PubMed search engine, using the keywords “Cerebral Palsy” and “Brief Psychotic Disorder”.ResultsA 16-year-old female adolescent with history of Cerebral Palsy (due to neonatal anoxia) was admitted in the paediatric ward due to behaviour disorder characterized by incoherent speech, full insomnia, agitation and auto/alo-aggression. A complete clinical investigation was performed, in which trauma, organic brain injury, degenerative and inflammatory diseases, infection or toxic ingestion were all excluded. The hypothesis of an acute psychotic disorder was considered and after antipsychotic treatment, a total remission of the symptoms was obtained.ConclusionsAlthough rare, the association between cerebral palsy and psychotic disorders should be considered in the diagnostic investigation of behavioural changes. Early identification allows a proper therapeutic intervention and a better quality of life.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Early intervention program for psychosis: Experience and results in a mental health center

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1163-1163
Author(s):  
M.C. Campos Mangas ◽  
M.A. Ruiz Feliu
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Young People ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
List Type

IntroductionThis program aims to assist young people aged 16 to 35 years at risk for or who have a severe mental disorder, a psychosis both affected and unaffected, according to the principles of early intervention and assertive community treatment.ObjectivesAssisting young people with psychosis in order to achieve symptomatic and functional recovery, return to provide standardized environment and prevent deterioration.MethodsInitial assessment is made and individualized plan of work.Inclusion criteria1.Diagnosis: substance-induced psychotic disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and mood disorders with psychotic symptoms2.age: 16–35 years3.Informed consentEvaluation ToolsPANSS, SCIP, CDS, CGI-S, PAS, CAN, EU, SFS, GAF, WHOQUOL-BREF, IEQ-EU, UKU, HoNOS, CGI-IP, CGI-ICResultsThe sample consisted of 22 patients. 45.5% men and 54.5% women. Mean age 24 (SD = 4.74). Diagnosis: schizophrenia 54.5%, 27.3% acute psychotic disorder, 4.5% and 13.6% schizoaffective disorder manic episode with psychotic symptoms. Clinical stage at the beginning of the program: 45.5% stage 2, 4.5% stage 3a; 22.7% stage 3b, 3c stage 22.7% and 4.5% stage 4.ConclusionsIt is necessary to implement such programs to establish the treatment as soon as possible to the onset of the disease and improve prognosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document