scholarly journals Risk factors for interpersonal violence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seena Fazel ◽  
E. Naomi Smith ◽  
Zheng Chang ◽  
John Richard Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Small Study ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Population Effect ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundInterpersonal violence is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The strength and population effect of modifiable risk factors for interpersonal violence, and the quality of the research evidence is not known.AimsWe aimed to examine the strength and population effect of modifiable risk factors for interpersonal violence, and the quality and reproducibility of the research evidence.MethodWe conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of risk factors for interpersonal violence. A systematic search was conducted to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses in general population samples. Effect sizes were extracted, converted into odds ratios and synthesised, and population attributable risk fractions (PAF) were calculated. Quality analyses were performed, including of small study effects, adjustment for confounders and heterogeneity. Secondary analyses for aggression, intimate partner violence and homicide were conducted, and systematic reviews (without meta-analyses) were summarised.ResultsWe identified 22 meta-analyses reporting on risk factors for interpersonal violence. Neuropsychiatric disorders were among the strongest in relative and absolute terms. The neuropsychiatric risk factor that had the largest effect at a population level were substance use disorders, with a PAF of 14.8% (95% CI 9.0–21.6%), and the most important historical factor was witnessing or being a victim of violence in childhood (PAF = 12.2%, 95% CI 6.5–17.4%). There was evidence of small study effects and large heterogeneity.ConclusionsNational strategies for the prevention of interpersonal violence may need to review policies concerning the identification and treatment of modifiable risk factors.Declarations of interestJ.R.G. is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed within this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.

scholarly journals Modifiable Risk Factors for Incident Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: An Umbrella Review of Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaru Zhang ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Hui-Fu Wang ◽  
Ya-Nan Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Modifiable Factors

Abstract Dementia and cognitive impairment can be attributed to both genetic and modifiable risk factors. Recently, considerable evidence emerged and urgently require standardized evaluation. To address it, we conducted an umbrella review of prospective studies regarding the associations of dementia and cognitive impairment with modifiable factors to evaluate the strength and validity of the existing evidence. We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses of prospective studies. Mendelian randomization studies were reviewed to assess the causality for these associations. For each association, we analyzed the summary effect size, 95% confidence interval, 95% prediction interval, heterogeneity, small study effect and excess significance bias. Based on these estimates, the evidence was graded into levels of convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, or weak. In total, 12015 articles were identified, of which 118 eligible studies yielded 243 unique associations. Convincing evidence was found for associations of dementia and cognitive impairment with early-life education, midlife to late-life plasma glucose, body mass index, atrial fibrillation, benzodiazepine use, and gait speed. Suggestive to highly suggestive evidence was found for associations of dementia and cognitive impairment with midlife to late-life blood pressure, homocysteine, cerebrovascular diseases, hearing impairment, respiratory illness, anemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, sleep, physical activity and social engagement. Among convincing evidence, Mendelian randomization studies verified genetic predicted causal relationships for education and plasma glucose with Alzheimer's disease. Modifiable factors identified in this study, especially those with high-level evidence, should be considered in dementia prevention. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42020195729.

scholarly journals Neutrophil counts and cancer prognosis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan A. Cupp ◽  
Margarita Cariolou ◽  
Ioanna Tzoulaki ◽  
Evangelou Evangelos ◽  
Antonio J. Berlanga-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Small Study ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Meta Analyses

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo evaluate the strength and validity of evidence on the association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) or tumour-associated neutrophils (TAN) and cancer prognosis.DESIGNUmbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies.DATA SOURCESMedline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIASystematic reviews or meta-analyses of observational studies evaluating the association between NLR or TAN and specific cancer outcomes related to disease progression or survival.DATA SYNTHESISThe available evidence was graded as strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, or weak through the application of pre-set grading criteria. For each included meta-analysis, the grading criteria considered the significance of the random effects estimate, the significance of the largest included study, the number of studies and individuals included, the heterogeneity between included studies, the 95% prediction intervals, presence of small study effects, excess significance and credibility ceilings.RESULTS239 meta-analyses investigating the association between NLR or TAN and cancer outcomes were identified from 57 published studies meeting the eligibility criteria, with 81 meta-analyses from 36 studies meeting the criteria for inclusion. No meta-analyses found a hazard ratio (HR) in the opposite direction of effect (HR<1). When assessed for significance and bias related to heterogeneity and small study effects, only three (4%) associations between NLR and outcomes in gastrointestinal and nasopharyngeal cancers were supported by strong evidence.CONCLUSIONDespite many publications exploring the association between NLR and cancer prognosis, the evidence is limited by significant heterogeneity and small study effects. There is a lack of evidence on the association between TAN and cancer prognosis, with all nine associations identified arising from the same study. Further research is required to provide strong evidence for associations between both TAN and NLR and poor cancer prognosis.REGISTRATIONThis umbrella review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017069131)FUNDINGMedical Research CouncilCOPYRIGHTOpen access article under terms of CC BYSHORT TITLENeutrophils and cancer prognosis: an umbrella reviewKEY RESULTWhen assessed for significance and bias related to heterogeneity and small study effects, only three (4%) associations between NLR and overall survival and progression-free survival in gastrointestinal and nasopharyngeal cancers were supported by strong evidence.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDSWHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THE TOPICNeutrophil counts have been linked to the progression of cancer due to their tumourigenic role in the cancer microenvironment.Numerous meta-analyses and individual studies have explored the association between neutrophil counts and cancer outcomes for a variety of cancer sites, leading to a large body of evidence with variable strength and validity.Uncertainty exists around the association between neutrophils and cancer outcomes, depending on the site, outcome and treatments considered.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDSAll meta-analyses included in this review indicated an association between high neutrophil counts and poor cancer prognosis.There is strong evidence supporting the association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and poor cancer prognosis in some respiratory and gastrointestinal cancers.Further research is required to strengthen the existing body of evidence, particularly for the association between tumour-associated neutrophils and cancer outcomes.

An umbrella review of the literature on perinatal domestic violence: prevalence, risk factors, possible outcomes, and interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
siu ching wong ◽  
Do Phuc Huyen ◽  
Claire Hughes ◽  
Sara Valdebenito ◽  
Manuel Eisner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Meta Analyses

Perinatal domestic violence (P-DV) is a common form of violence experienced by women and is associated with adverse impacts on their own physical and mental health and that of their offspring. Illuminating the risk factors for and potential effects of P-DV, and promising interventions is essential for informing policies to reduce P-DV and mitigate its negative impacts. This umbrella review of recent high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses of research on P-DV provides a systematic synthesis of current knowledge relating to the prevalence, risk factors for, possible outcomes of, and interventions to reduce and prevent P-DV. Thirteen reviews identified through systematic searches of computerised databases, manual search and expert consultation met our inclusion criteria (i.e., English systematic reviews and/ or meta-analyses that were from recent ten years, focused on women exposed to P-DV, assessed risk factors, possible outcomes, and/ or interventions, and were of fair to high methodological quality). Our results suggest that while there is a growing understanding of risk factors and possible outcomes of P-DV, this knowledge has far been translated into effective interventions for P-DV. P-DV intervention programmes that have been subject to rigorous evaluation are mostly relatively narrow in scope and could benefit from targeting a wider range of maternal and child wellbeing outcomes, and perpetrator, relationship, and community risk factors. The overall quality of the evidence syntheses in this field is reasonable; however, future studies should involve multiple reviewers at all key stages of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to help enhance the reliability of review conclusions.

scholarly journals Recent evidence on modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC): a systematic synopsis of meta-analyses from 2015 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-95
Author(s):  
Teguh Kristian Perdamaian
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Prevention And Early Detection ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Meta Analyses

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with a huge impact on international public health. This review discusses recent evidence on modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for CRC using a systematic review method. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. The literature search was performed on the Ovid MEDLINE database and included publications from 2015 to 2017, followed by a quality assessment and a narrative synthesis. Of the 90 identified articles, there were 13 meta-analyses with statistically significant results. Seven articles discussed modifiable risk factors and six articles discussed non-modifiable risk. The modifiable risk factors with the highest risk were radiotherapy of prostate cancer (pooled odds ratio 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–2.12). The non-modifiable risk factors with the highest risk was Lynch syndrome (hazard ratio 135.49; 95% CI 111.55–164.57). This review discovered new and previously known risk factors for CRC. Recent evidence shows that research on CRC risk factors is continuing to grow indicating that more studies on risk factors are needed to optimize CRC prevention and early detection.

Systematic evaluation of the associations between environmental risk factors and dementia: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa Bellou ◽  
Lazaros Belbasis ◽  
Ioanna Tzoulaki ◽  
Lefkos T. Middleton ◽  
John P.A. Ioannidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Meta Analyses

Risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Tortella-Feliu ◽  
Miquel A. Fullana ◽  
Ana Pérez-Vigil ◽  
Xavier Torres ◽  
Jacobo Chamorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Meta Analyses
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