Sir James Hannen on Testamentary Capacity

1873 ◽  
Vol 19 (86) ◽  
pp. 232-247
Keyword(s):  
Important Case ◽  
General Question ◽  
Testamentary Capacity

An important case—“Boughton v. Knight”—in which a will was opposed on the ground of the testator's insanity, has recently occupied the Court of Probate for fourteen days. Without entering into the details of so long a case, we print the summing up of Sir James Hannen, so far as it bears upon the general question of testamentary capacity. After a few introductory remarks, he proceeded as follows:—

Sir James Hannen on Testamentary Capacity

1873 ◽  
Vol 19 (86) ◽  
pp. 232-247
Keyword(s):  
Important Case ◽  
General Question ◽  
Testamentary Capacity

An important case—“Boughton v. Knight”—in which a will was opposed on the ground of the testator's insanity, has recently occupied the Court of Probate for fourteen days. Without entering into the details of so long a case, we print the summing up of Sir James Hannen, so far as it bears upon the general question of testamentary capacity. After a few introductory remarks, he proceeded as follows:—

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Identifying Community Interests in International Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Wolfrum
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
International Community ◽  
Available P ◽  
General Question ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
Settlement Systems ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Advisory Opinions

This chapter explores the general question of how to establish that the regulation of a certain matter constitutes a matter of community-wide concern, which is the necessary step for the recognition of community obligation. The hypothesis is that such a qualification must, first, be well founded factually and, secondly, accepted as such in a legal or political legitimizing process. On this basis, the chapter suggests that the governance of spaces beyond national jurisdiction constitutes a community interest and has to be guided by the interests of the international community. Exploring this question with respect to key common spaces and particular issues, the chapter notes the difficulty of most of the dispute settlement systems, which, being bilateral, are not fully adequate to address questions related to the management of global commons as well as for the protection of the environment. To avoid this difficulty, the chapter suggests greater reliance on advisory opinions where available.

scholarly journals Ethnicity, Exclusion, and Exams: Education Policy and Politics in Burundi from the Independent Republics to the Civil War (1966–1993)

2021 ◽  
pp. 000203972110235
Author(s):  
Emily Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Inequality In Education ◽  
Perceptions Of Inequality ◽  
Ethnicity And Politics

Education policy can embed ethnic inequalities in a country. Education in Burundi, with its historically exclusive political institutions and education, represents an important case for understanding these interactions. In this article, I interview twelve Burundians about how they experienced and perceived ethnicity and politics in their schooling from 1966 to 1993. I argue that education contributed to tangible and perceived social hierarchies based on ethnic inequalities. I show that this exclusion reflected both overt and covert policy goals, through proxies used to identify ethnicity in schools and through the exclusive nature of national exams at the time, which promoted members of the Tutsi minority at the expense of the majority Hutus. This study has implications for understanding how perceptions of inequality in education manifest as grievances against the state. It sheds light on the importance of understanding covert education policy as a potential mechanism for generating exclusion and contributing to conflict.

scholarly journals A New Methodological Approach to Correlate Protective and Microscopic Properties by Soft X-ray Microscopy and Solid State NMR Spectroscopy: The Case of Cusa’s Stone

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5767
Author(s):  
Veronica Ciaramitaro ◽  
Alberto Spinella ◽  
Francesco Armetta ◽  
Roberto Scaffaro ◽  
Emmanuel Fortunato Gulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
General Question ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid State Nmr Spectroscopy

Hydrophobic treatment is one of the most important interventions usually carried out for the conservation of stone artefacts and monuments. The study here reported aims to answer a general question about how two polymers confer different protective performance. Two fluorinated-based polymer formulates applied on samples of Cusa’s stone confer a different level of water repellence and water vapour permeability. The observed protection action is here explained on the basis of chemico-physical interactions. The distribution of the polymer in the pore network was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microscopy. The interactions between the stone substrate and the protective agents were investigated by means of solid state NMR spectroscopy. The ss-NMR findings reveal no significant changes in the chemical neighbourhood of the observed nuclei of each protective agent when applied onto the stone surface and provide information on the changes in the organization and dynamics of the studied systems, as well as on the mobility of polymer chains. This allowed us to explain the different macroscopic behaviours provided by each protective agent to the stone substrate.

The pace of “the good life”: Connecting past, present, and future in the context of a housing affordability crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0961463X2098781
Author(s):  
Petr Kubala ◽  
Tomáš Hoření Samec
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
General Question ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Ideal

This article focuses on the topic of the young adult’s cleft habitus influenced by a housing affordability crisis in the Czech Republic and examines how this situation affects the young adult’s relation to the imagination of a temporally structured life course and synchronization of life spheres (housing, family, and work). This article is based on qualitative in-depth interviews conducted in the four cities most affected by the house and rent price increase. The general question addresses if and how social inequalities, sharpened by the current housing affordability crisis, affect the process of narrative life course coherence creation (the connection of past, present, and future) in relation to an orientation toward a vision of “the good life.” We furthermore complement the already existing ideal types of the young adult’s relation toward time— confident continuity and cautious contingency—with two other two types— cautious continuity and total contingency—defined on the basis of our data. We argue that the ability of young adults to envision a coherent future is related to the feeling of secured housing and that the idea of the good life is depicted to a large extent through the ideal of homeownership, although the precarity of the housing market makes homeownership harder to reach for those from unprivileged backgrounds.

Partial Higher-Order Specifications1

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-126
Author(s):  
Egidio Astesiano ◽  
Maura Cerioli
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Deduction System ◽  
Closure Properties ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Conditional Specification ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

In this paper the classes of extensional models of higher-order partial conditional specifications are studied, with the emphasis on the closure properties of these classes. Further it is shown that any equationally complete inference system for partial conditional specifications may be extended to an inference system for partial higher-order conditional specifications, which is equationally complete w.r.t. the class of all extensional models. Then, applying some previous results, a deduction system is proposed, equationally complete for the class of extensional models of a partial conditional specification. Finally, turning the attention to the special important case of termextensional models, it is first shown a sound and equationally complete inference system and then necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of free models, which are also free in the class of term-generated extensional models.

scholarly journals The action of anæsthetics on living tissues. Part I.— The action on isolated nerve

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (517) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
General Question ◽  
Nerve Action ◽  
Physical Action ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Living Tissues

The action of anaesthetics on isolated nerve has already been studied by Waller* as regards the effect on the negative variation in the sciatic of the frog, and by myself in mammalian nerves.f In the course of these researches it became evident that the anaesthetics used (chloroform, ether, carbon dioxide) affected not only the negative variation, but also the injury current, and as this action has not been studied before, as far as I am aware, it seemed desirable to investigate the matter not only in nerve, but also in other tissues. The inquiry falls naturally under two heads: first, in how far the phenomena throw light on the processes of nerve action ; and, secondly, as regards the chemical and physical action of anaesthetics on the animal protoplasm generally. These are obviously only parts of the same story, but for convenience I have considered the subject mainly under the first heading in this part, leaving the more general question to a future occasion.

Industry-Sponsored Medical Education — In the Quest for Professional Integrity and Legal Certainty

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-319
Author(s):  
Benedikt Buchner
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
General Question ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
European Directive ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Advertising Law ◽  
The Right

AbstractIndustry-sponsored medical education is a much disputed issue. So far, there has been no regulatory framework which provides clear and definite rules as to whether and under what circumstances the sponsorship of medical education is acceptable. State regulation does not exist, or confines itself to a very general principle. Professional regulation, even though applied frequently, is rather vague and indefinite, raising the general question as to whether self-regulation is the right approach at all. Certainly, self-regulation by industry cannot and should not replace other regulatory approaches. Ultimately, advertising law in general and the European Directive 2001/83/EC specifically, might be a good starting point in providing legal certainty and ensuring the independence of medical education. Swiss advertising law illustrates how the principles of the European Directive could be implemented clearly and unambiguously.

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