scholarly journals International and regional variation in the prevalence of common mental disorders: do we need more surveys?

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Weich ◽  
Ricardo Araya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Makers ◽  
Geographical Locations

Vicente and his colleagues present admirably concise findings from a large epidemiological survey of non-psychotic psychiatric morbidity in four different geographical locations in Chile (Vicente et al, 2004, this issue). Without gainsaying the importance of psychiatric morbidity in that country, many readers, including local decision-makers, may find it difficult to assimilate these results.

scholarly journals Coroners' records on suicide mortality in Montréal: limitations and implications in suicide prevention strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Houle ◽  
C Guillou-Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Makers ◽  
Very High

Introduction In Montréal, the characteristics of suicide cases may vary between different areas. The information collected by coroners during their investigations of suicides could be used to support local suicide-prevention planning actions. Methods This study analyzes all coroners' records on suicide in Montréal from 2007 to 2009 to 1. determine the usefulness of the data available; 2. develop a profile of cases; 3. examine local differences by comparing two areas, one with the highest suicide rate and the other with the lowest. Results The data collected revealed the lack of a systematic, standardized procedure for recording information about deaths by suicide. The rates of missing data varied, but were very high for antecedents of suicide attempts and recent events that could have precipitated the suicide. We observed differences in the characteristics of suicide cases according to area of residence. Conclusion By adopting a standardized procedure for collecting information on cases of suicide, coroners could provide local decision makers with a more accurate portrait of the people who die by suicide in their area. Local adjustments may improve suicide-prevention strategies.

Entrepreneurial ecosystems: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Maroufkhani ◽  
Ralf Wagner ◽  
Wan Khairuzzaman Wan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Science Index ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Local Decision Makers ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems is fragmented, and yet, no studies have paid attention to integrating the available studies. The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic review of contributions related to entrepreneurial ecosystems.Design/methodology/approachThis literature review evaluates studies that are covered in the Web of Science index.FindingsIn addition to the recent state of research (covering industries, geographical scopes, methodologies, etc.), this study provides an extension of Isenberg’s (2011) model of entrepreneurial ecosystems.Research limitations/implicationsA new avenue arises for both conceptual and empirical research by emphasizing crowdsourcing as a contributing element for the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Future studies can evaluate the effectiveness of different types of crowdsourcing profoundly to make sure whether creating a promising ecosystem all types of crowdsourcing have a similar value or impact.Practical implicationsFor public policy and local decision-makers, both collaboration opportunities and interaction interfaces between the stakeholders of the entrepreneurial need to be reconsidered in the design of entrepreneurial ecosystems.Social implicationsHigher degrees of collaboration, information exchange and innovation are likely to yield favorable entrepreneurship environments.Originality/valueNovelty of this study arises from integrating crowdsourcing theory in the systematic review of entrepreneurial ecosystems.

scholarly journals Assessing subsoil void hazards along a road system using H/V measurements, ERTs and IPTs to support local decision makers

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Pazzi ◽  
Mattia Ceccatelli ◽  
Teresa Gracchi ◽  
Elena Benedetta Masi ◽  
Riccardo Fanti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Makers ◽  
Road System

scholarly journals Stress and psychiatric disorder in urban Rawalpindi

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Mumford ◽  
Fareed A. Minhas ◽  
Imtiaz Akhtar ◽  
Saeed Akhter ◽  
Malik H. Mubbashar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

BackgroundRecent studies in rural areas of Pakistan have yielded high prevalence rates of common mental disorders, especially among women.AimsTo investigate emotional distress and common mental disorders in a poor urban district using the same survey method.MethodFirst-stage screening of a slum district of Rawalpindi used the Bradford Somatic Inventory. Psychiatric interviews were conducted with stratified samples using the ICD–10 research diagnostic criteria.ResultsOn a conservative estimate, 25% of women and 10% of men suffered from anxiety and depressive disorders. Levels of emotional distress increased with age in both men and women. Women living in joint households reported more distress than those living in unitary families. Higher levels of education were associated with lower risk of common mental disorders, especially in younger women. Emotional distress was negatively correlated with socio-economic variables among women.ConclusionsThis study found levels of emotional distress and psychiatric morbidity in a poor district of Rawalpindi to be less than half those in a nearby rural village in the Punjab, although rates in women were still double those in men. Possible explanations are that more healthy people migrate to the cities or that urban living is more conducive to good mental health in Pakistan.

scholarly journals The contribution of work and non-work stressors to common mental disorders in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Clark ◽  
C. Pike ◽  
S. McManus ◽  
J. Harris ◽  
P. Bebbington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Workplace Stress ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Work Stressors ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Past

BackgroundEvidence for an effect of work stressors on common mental disorders (CMD) has increased over the past decade. However, studies have not considered whether the effects of work stressors on CMD remain after taking co-occurring non-work stressors into account.MethodData were from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, a national population survey of participants ⩾16 years living in private households in England. This paper analyses data from employed working age participants (N=3383: 1804 males; 1579 females). ICD-10 diagnoses for depressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, panic or mixed anxiety and depression in the past week were derived using a structured diagnostic interview. Questionnaires assessed self-reported work stressors and non-work stressors.ResultsThe effects of work stressors on CMD were not explained by co-existing non-work stressors. We found independent effects of work and non-work stressors on CMD. Job stress, whether conceptualized as job strain or effort–reward imbalance, together with lower levels of social support at work, recent stressful life events, domestic violence, caring responsibilities, lower levels of non-work social support, debt and poor housing quality were all independently associated with CMD. Social support at home and debt did not influence the effect of work stressors on CMD.ConclusionsNon-work stressors do not appear to make people more susceptible to work stressors; both contribute to CMD. Tackling workplace stress is likely to benefit employee psychological health even if the employee's home life is stressful but interventions incorporating non-work stressors may also be effective.

scholarly journals Urban resilience in the making? The governance of critical infrastructures in German cities

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2353-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Monstadt ◽  
Martin Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
German Cities ◽  
Local Decision Makers

Over the last decade, the protection of urban infrastructures has become a focus in German security policies. These point not solely to the multiple external infrastructural threats (e.g. natural disasters, terrorist and cyber-attacks), but also to the endogenous risks of cascading failures across geographical and functional borders that arise from interlocking and often mutually dependent infrastructures. As geographical nodes in infrastructurally mediated flows, cities are considered to be particularly vulnerable to infrastructure breakdowns. Their capability to prevent and to prepare for infrastructural failures, and thus to manage infrastructural interdependencies, is seen as a major prerequisite for resilient societies. However, as our article demonstrates, the institutional capacity of the local authorities and utility companies for risk mitigation and preparedness is limited. Drawing on qualitative research in selected German cities, we argue that the governance of critical infrastructures involves considerable challenges: it overarches different, often fragmented, policy domains and territories and institutionally unbundled utility (sub-) domains. Moreover, risk mitigation and preparedness are usually not based on experience from past events, but on destructive scenarios. They involve considerable uncertainty and contestations among local decision-makers. Interviews with local experts indicate that effective governance of critical infrastructures requires more regulatory efforts by national policies. At the same time, they point to the need for identifying and assessing place-based vulnerabilities, for defining locally differentiated mitigation and preparedness strategies and for the training of local utility companies as well as crisis management.

Developing Regional Input-Output Models from the U.N. Format Adopted by the U.S. in the New 1972 Input-Output Model

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis DiPietre ◽  
Rodney L. Walker ◽  
David R. Martella
Keyword(s):  
Regional Growth ◽  
National Level ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Input Output ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Makers

Since the mid-1940s, interest in the interrelationships of subnational economies has been growing. Part of this interest flows from a realization of the need to manage regional growth and mitigate the effects of economically unstable components of regional economies on the welfare of the people within the region. Aggregated macroeconomic models applied at the national level commonly provide insufficient information about their components, the regional economies. This lack has led to the development of state and regional macro models which can provide specific information relevant to state or local decision makers. Such information includes the availability of regional resources necessary to support and expand regional production and the impacts of changes in demand on the welfare of local inhabitants. These models are also useful in estimating the impacts of national policy on regional economies. The development of regional input-output models is an example of the trend toward fuller understanding of regional economies. State or regional input-output models can be constructed either by survey or by estimation from the national input-output model. Time and money constraints have increased the popularity of the latter approach among regional economists.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document