scholarly journals Structural magnetic resonance imaging in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, psychotic and severe non-psychotic depression and healthy controls

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (S43) ◽  
pp. s58-s65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. R. Salokangas ◽  
T. Cannon ◽  
T. Van Erp ◽  
T. Ilonen ◽  
T. Taiminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Psychotic Depression ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundStructural brain abnormalities are prevalent in patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders.AimsTo study how regional brain volumes and their ratios differ between patients with schizophrenia, psychotic depression, severe non-psychotic depression and healthy controls.MethodMagnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain on first-episode patients and on healthy controls.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia had a smaller left frontal grey matter volume than the other three groups. Patients with psychotic depression had larger ventricular and posterior sulcal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes than controls. Patients with depression had larger white matter volumes than the other patients.ConclusionsLeft frontal lobe, especially its grey matter volume, seems to be specifically reduced in first-episode schizophrenia. Enlarged cerebral ventricles and sulcal CSF volumes are prevalent in psychotic depression. Preserved or expanded white matter is typical of non-psychotic depression.

scholarly journals Experience-dependent structural plasticity in the adult brain: How the learning brain grows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Schmidt ◽  
Sidra Gull ◽  
Karl-Heinz Herrmann ◽  
Marcus Boehme ◽  
Andrey Irintchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume

AbstractVolumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that intense learning can be associated with grey matter volume increases in the adult brain. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we used monocular deprivation in rats to analyze the mechanisms underlying use-dependent grey matter increases. Optometry for quantification of visual acuity was combined with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and microscopic techniques in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. We found an increased spatial vision of the open eye which was associated with a transient increase in the volumes of the contralateral visual and lateral entorhinal cortex. In these brain areas dendrites of neurons elongated, and there was a strong increase in the number of spines, the targets of synapses, which was followed by spine maturation and partial pruning. Astrocytes displayed a transient pronounced swelling and underwent a reorganization of their processes. The use-dependent increase in grey matter corresponded predominantly to the swelling of the astrocytes. Experience-dependent increase in brain grey matter volume indicates a gain of structure plasticity with both synaptic and astrocyte remodeling.HighlightsPerception learning causes a transient increase in brain grey matter volume detectable by MRI.This learning results in pronounced changes of neuronal dendrites and an increase in the number of dendritic spines.Structural neuronal plasticity is associated with a reorganization and transient swelling of astrocytes.Brain volume and astrocyte volume return to baseline post-learning, with a persistent increase in the number of mature spines.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetry in children with nonlesional epilepsy, does it help?

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab Ali Abdelgawad ◽  
Samir M. Mounir ◽  
Marah M. Abdelhay ◽  
Mohammed A. Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by repeated spontaneous seizures. It affects up to 1% of the population worldwide. Children with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) negative (or “nonlesional”) focal epilepsy constitute the most challenging pharmacoresistant group undergoing pre-neurosurgical evaluation. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (VMRI) is a non-invasive brain imaging technique done to measure the volume and structure of specific regions of the brain. It is useful for many things, but primarily for discovering atrophy (wasting away of body tissue) and measuring its progression. The aim of this study is to assess role of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of nonlesional childhood epilepsy in which no specific findings detected in conventional MRI. Results There were 20 children with normal MRI brain volumetry (33.3%) and 40 children (66.6%) with abnormal MRI brain volumetry. Grey matter volume in the abnormal group was significantly higher (P value was 0.001*) than the normal group (mean ± S.D 934.04 ± 118.12 versus 788.57 ± 57.71 respectively). White matter volume in the abnormal group was significantly smaller (P value was < 0.0001*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 217.79 ± 65.22 versus 418.07 ± 103.76 respectively). Right hippocampus CA4-DG volume in the abnormal volume group was found to be significantly smaller (P value < 0.0001*) than that of the normal group volume (mean ± S.D 0.095 ± 0.04 versus 0.32 ± 0.36 respectively). Right hippocampus subiculum volume in the abnormal volume group were found to be significantly smaller (P value was < 0.0001*) than that of the normal group volume (mean ± S.D 0.42 ± 0.11 versus 0.84 ± 0.09 respectively). Thalamus volume in the abnormal group was significantly smaller (P value 0.048*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 10.235 ± 3.22 versus 11.82 ± 0.75 respectively). Right thalamus was significantly smaller (P value was 0.028*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 5.01 ± 1.62 versus 5.91 ± 0.39 respectively). The sensitivity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 100%. The sensitivity of white matter volume and grey matter volume and thalamus was 85% and 75% and 55% respectively. The specificity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 90% and 90% respectively. The specificity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG and grey matter volume and white matter volume and total hippocampus and thalamus was 100%. The specificity of brain volume was 60%. The accuracy of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 100%. The specificity of white matter volume, grey matter volume, thalamus, total hippocampus, and brain volume was 97%, 87%, 65%, 61%, and 57% respectively. Conclusion Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging is a promising imaging technique that can provide assistance in evaluation of nonlesional pharmacoresistant childhood epilepsy.

scholarly journals Exploring the neuroanatomical bases of psychotic features in bipolar disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Maggioni ◽  
A. C. Altamura ◽  
P. Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Psychotic Features

Although bipolar disorder (BD) is traditionally conceptualised as one diagnostic entity, the heterogeneity of pathophysiological manifestations in BD suggests the need to classify the subtypes of the illness based on neural markers. Specifically, the presence of psychotic symptoms seems to be relevant for the clinical outcome and may have specific neuroanatomical bases. The main objective of the present review was to assess whether the distinction between psychotic BD (PBD) and non-psychotic BD (NPBD) can improve the identification of the neurobiological markers of this complex illness. To this end, we summarised the findings from the magnetic resonance imaging studies that explored the cerebral correlates of psychosis in BD in terms of grey matter volume (GMV). Overall, the results suggest the presence of peculiar GMV differences between PBD and NPBD. Specifically, psychosis in BD seems to be associated with cortical GMV deficits compared with both healthy controls and NPBD, mainly in the frontal region. Conversely, NPBD patients showed GMV deficits in selective regions of the basal ganglia when compared with the other groups. Taken together, this evidence confirms the importance to classify BD based on the psychotic dimension, which may have a specific neurobiological architecture that partially overlaps across multiple psychotic disorders.

VARIATION IN GREY MATTER VOLUME WITH DEGREE OF INSIGHT IN FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS AND CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 117 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
J. McFarland ◽  
D. Cannon ◽  
H. Schmidt ◽  
M. Ahmed ◽  
S. Hehir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Episode Psychosis

scholarly journals Neuroanatomical correlates of different vulnerability states for psychosis and their clinical outcomes

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Koutsouleris ◽  
Gisela J. E. Schmitt ◽  
Christian Gaser ◽  
Ronald Bottlender ◽  
Johanna Scheuerecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
At Risk Mental State

BackgroundStructural brain abnormalities have been described in individuals with an at-risk mental state for psychosis. However, the neuroanatomical underpinnings of the early and late at-risk mental state relative to clinical outcome remain unclear.AimsTo investigate grey matter volume abnormalities in participants in a putatively early or late at-risk mental state relative to their prospective clinical outcome.MethodVoxel-based morphometry of magnetic resonance imaging data from 20 people with a putatively early at-risk mental state (ARMS–E group) and 26 people with a late at-risk mental state (ARMS–L group) as well as from 15 participants with at-risk mental states with subsequent disease transition (ARMS–T group) and 18 participants without subsequent disease transition (ARMS–NT group) were compared with 75 healthy volunteers.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, ARMS–L participants had grey matter volume losses in frontotemporolimbic structures. Participants in the ARMS–E group showed bilateral temporolimbic alterations and subtle prefrontal abnormalities. Participants in the ARMS–T group had prefrontal alterations relative to those in the ARMS–NT group and in the healthy controls that overlapped with the findings in the ARMS–L group.ConclusionsBrain alterations associated with the early at-risk mental state may relate to an elevated susceptibility to psychosis, whereas alterations underlying the late at-risk mental state may indicate a subsequent transition to psychosis.

scholarly journals Clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging in first-episode psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Falkenberg ◽  
Stefania Benetti ◽  
Marie Raffin ◽  
Phillipe Wuyts ◽  
William Pettersson-Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Mri Scans

BackgroundThere is no consensus as to whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be used as part of the initial clinical evaluation of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP).Aims(a) To assess the logistical feasibility of routine MRI; (b) to define the clinical significance of radiological abnormalities in patients with FEP.MethodRadiological reports from MRI scans of two FEP samples were reviewed; one comprised 108 patients and 98 healthy controls recruited to a research study and the other comprised 241 patients scanned at initial clinical presentation plus 66 healthy controls.ResultsIn the great majority of patients, MRI was logistically feasible. Radiological abnormalities were reported in 6% of the research sample and in 15% of the clinical sample (odds ratio (OR) = 3.1, 95% CI 1.26–7.57, χ2(1) = 6.63, P = 0.01). None of the findings necessitated a change in clinical management.ConclusionsRates of neuroradiological abnormalities in FEP are likely to be underestimated in research samples that often exclude patients with organic abnormalities. However, the majority of findings do not require intervention.

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