scholarly journals Fatal and non-fatal repetition of self-harm

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Owens ◽  
Judith Horrocks ◽  
Allan House
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundNon-fatal self-harm frequently leads to non-fatal repetition and sometimes to suicide. We need to quantify these two outcomes of self-harm to help us to develop and test effective interventions.AimsTo estimate rates of fatal and non-fatal repetition of self-harm.MethodA systematic review of published follow-up data, from observational and experimental studies. Four electronic databases were searched and 90 studies met the inclusion criteria.ResultsEighty per cent of studies found were undertaken in Europe, over one-third in the UK. Median proportions for repetition 1 year later were: 16% non-fatal and 2% fatal; after more than 9 years, around 7% of patients had died by suicide. The UK studies found particularly low rates of subsequent suicide.ConclusionsAfter 1 year, non-fatal repetition rates are around 15%. The strong connection between self-harm and later suicide lies somewhere between 0.5% and 2% after 1 year and above 5% after 9 years. Suicide risk among self-harm patients is hundreds of times higher than in the general population.

scholarly journals Long-Term Suicide Risk of Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder—A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Garas ◽  
Judit Balazs
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood. Recently, several studies showed the high suicide risk of patients with ADHD; however, most of these studies had a cross-sectional design.Aims: The aim of the current research is to complete a systematic review of published studies which investigate the suicide risk of ADHD patients with longitudinal design.Methods: The systematic search was made on OVID Medline, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search terms were (ADHD OR attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) AND (suicide OR suicidal OR suicidality) AND (follow-up OR longitudinal study OR prospective study). The inclusion criteria were as follows: written in English; the participants were under 18 years at baseline; longitudinal, prospective studies; ADHD population at baseline and at follow-up; and suicide behavior as a primary outcome. The exclusion criteria were as follows: the study did not contain empirical data and reviews/meta-analyses and studies which aimed to investigate the drug treatment efficacy of ADHD.Results: After the screening process, 18 papers were included in the systematic review. Ten articles were altogether published in the last 5 years. The range of follow-up periods varied between 2 and 17 years. Several different assessment tools were used to investigate the symptoms and/or the diagnosis of ADHD and the suicidal risk. Nine studies enrolled children aged under 12 at baseline, and three studies used birth cohort data, where there was no strict age-based inclusion criteria. A total of 17 studies found a positive association between ADHD diagnosis at baseline and the presence of suicidal behavior and/or attempts at the follow-up visits.Limitations: The main limitation of this review is the methodological heterogeneity of the selected studies. A further limitation is the relatively low number of studies that examined a population with balanced gender ratios. Additionally, only one study published data about the treatment of ADHD. Finally, though we carefully chose the keywords, we still may be missing some relevant papers on this topic.Conclusions: In spite of the methodological diversity of the included studies, the results of the current systematic review highlight the importance of screening suicidality in the long term in patients with ADHD. Therefore, further studies that compare the suicidal risk of treated and untreated groups of ADHD patients in the long term are needed.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: update of living systematic review

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Ann John ◽  
Emily Eyles ◽  
Roger T. Webb ◽  
Chukwudi Okolie ◽  
Lena Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable morbidity, mortality and disruption to people’s lives around the world. There are concerns that rates of suicide and suicidal behaviour may rise during and in its aftermath. Our living systematic review synthesises findings from emerging literature on incidence and prevalence of suicidal behaviour as well as suicide prevention efforts in relation to COVID-19, with this iteration synthesising relevant evidence up to 19th October 2020. Method:  Automated daily searches feed into a web-based database with screening and data extraction functionalities. Eligibility criteria include incidence/prevalence of suicidal behaviour, exposure-outcome relationships and effects of interventions in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcomes of interest are suicide, self-harm or attempted suicide and suicidal thoughts. No restrictions are placed on language or study type, except for single-person case reports. We exclude one-off cross-sectional studies without either pre-pandemic measures or comparisons of COVID-19 positive vs. unaffected individuals. Results: Searches identified 6,226 articles. Seventy-eight articles met our inclusion criteria. We identified a further 64 relevant cross-sectional studies that did not meet our revised inclusion criteria. Thirty-four articles were not peer-reviewed (e.g. research letters, pre-prints). All articles were based on observational studies. There was no consistent evidence of a rise in suicide but many studies noted adverse economic effects were evolving. There was evidence of a rise in community distress, fall in hospital presentation for suicidal behaviour and early evidence of an increased frequency of suicidal thoughts in those who had become infected with COVID-19. Conclusions:  Research evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on suicidal behaviour is accumulating rapidly. This living review provides a regular synthesis of the most up-to-date research evidence to guide public health and clinical policy to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on suicide risk as the longer term impacts of the pandemic on suicide risk are researched.

scholarly journals Implementation Intentions to Reduce Smoking: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte J Hagerman ◽  
Rebecca K Hoffman ◽  
Sruthi Vaylay ◽  
Tonya Dodge
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Implementation Intentions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Implementation Intention ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Implementation intentions are a goal-setting technique in which an individual commits to perform a particular behavior when a specific context arises. Recently, researchers have begun studying how implementation intention (II) interventions can facilitate antismoking efforts. The current systematic review synthesized results of experimental studies that tested the effect of an II intervention on smoking cognitions and behavior. Of 29 reviewed articles, 11 studies met inclusion criteria. Nine studies (81.8%) tested an II intervention as a cessation tool for current smokers, whereas two tested II interventions as a tool to prevent smoking among predominantly nonsmoking adolescents. A majority of the studies (66.7%) testing II interventions as a cessation tool reported a positive effect on cessation at long-term follow-up. Of the two studies testing II interventions as a tool for prevention, one study found a positive effect on long-term follow-up. Methodology varied between the studies, highlighting the discrepancies between what researchers consider “implementation intentions” to be. II interventions are a promising tool for antismoking efforts, but more research is necessary to determine the best methodology and the populations for whom this intervention will be most effective. Implications Brief, free, and easily scalable, II interventions to prevent smoking are highly attractive for antismoking efforts. This review outlines the circumstances under which II interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in helping people resist smoking cigarettes. We illuminate gaps in the existing literature, limitations, methodological discrepancies between studies, and areas for future study.

scholarly journals Failed Latarjet procedure: a systematic review of surgery revision options

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Buda ◽  
Riccardo D’Ambrosi ◽  
Enrico Bellato ◽  
Davide Blonna ◽  
Alessandro Cappellari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Latarjet Procedure ◽  
Shoulder Stabilization ◽  
Recurrent Instability ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Radiographic Outcomes

Abstract Background Revision surgery after the Latarjet procedure is a rare and challenging surgical problem, and various bony or capsular procedures have been proposed. This systematic review examines clinical and radiographic outcomes of different procedures for treating persistent pain or recurrent instability after a Latarjet procedure. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Ovid databases with the combined keywords “failed”, “failure”, “revision”, “Latarjet”, “shoulder stabilization” and “shoulder instability” to identify articles published in English that deal with failed Latarjet procedures. Results A total of 11 studies (five retrospective and six case series investigations), all published between 2008 and 2020, fulfilled our inclusion criteria. For the study, 253 patients (254 shoulders, 79.8% male) with a mean age of 29.6 years (range: 16–54 years) were reviewed at an average follow-up of 51.5 months (range: 24–208 months). Conclusions Eden–Hybinette and arthroscopic capsuloplasty are the most popular and safe procedures to treat recurrent instability after a failed Latarjet procedure, and yield reasonable clinical outcomes. A bone graft procedure and capsuloplasty were proposed but there was no clear consensus on their efficacy and indication. Level of evidence Level IV Trial registration PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020185090—www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/

scholarly journals Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Poggio ◽  
Laura Gutierrez ◽  
María G Matta ◽  
Natalia Elorriaga ◽  
Vilma Irazola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Cvd Mortality

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to determine whether elevated dietary Na intake could be associated with CVD mortality.DesignWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies representing the general population. The adjusted relative risks and their 95 % confidence intervals were pooled by the inverse variance method using random-effects models. Heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed.SettingsMEDLINE (since 1973), Embase (since 1975), the Cochrane Library (since 1976), ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar (until September 2013) and secondary referencing were searched for inclusion in the study.SubjectEleven prospective studies with 229 785 participants and average follow-up period of 13·37 years (range 5·5–19 years).ResultsHigher Na intake was significantly associated with higher CVD mortality (relative risk=1·12; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·19). In the sensitivity analysis, the exclusion of studies with important relative weights did not significantly affect the results (relative risk=1·08; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·15). The meta-regression analysis showed that for every increase of 10 mmol/d in Na intake, CVD mortality increased significantly by 1 % (P=0·016). Age, hypertensive status and length of follow-up were also associated with increased CVD mortality.ConclusionsHigher Na intake was associated with higher CVD mortality in the general population; this result suggests a reduction in Na intake to prevent CVD mortality from any cause.

scholarly journals Repetition of deliberate self-harm and subsequent suicide risk: Long-term follow-up study of 11 583 patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Louis Zahl ◽  
Keith Hawton
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundRepetition of deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a risk factor for suicide. Little information is available on the risk for specific groups of people who deliberately harm themselves repeatedly.AimsTo investigate the long-term risk of suicide associated with repetition of DSH by gender, age and frequency of repetition.MethodA mortality follow-up study to the year 2000 was conducted on 11583 people who presented to the general hospital in Oxford between 1978 and 1997. Repetition of DSH was determined from reported episodes prior to the index episode and episodes presenting to the same hospital during the follow-up period. Deaths were identified through national registers.ResultsThirty-nine percent of patients repeated the DSH. They were at greater relative risk of suicide than the single-episode DSH group (2.24; 95% CI 1.77–2.84). The relative risk of suicide in the repeated DSH group compared with the single-episode DSH group was greater in females (3.5; 95% C11.3–2.4) than males (1.8; 95% C1 2.3–5.3) and was inversely related to age (up to 54 years). Suicide risk increased further with multiple repeat episodes of DSH in females.ConclusionsRepetition of DSH is associated with an increased risk of suicide in males and females. Repetition may be a better indicator of risk in females, especially young females.

scholarly journals Sinus Floor Augmentation—Associated Surgical Ciliated Cysts: Case Series and a Systematic Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1903
Author(s):  
Adrian Kahn ◽  
Shlomo Matalon ◽  
Rahaf Bassam Salem ◽  
Lazar Kats ◽  
Liat Chaushu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Sinus Floor Augmentation ◽  
Sinus Floor

This study aimed to characterize the demographic and clinical features of underreported surgical ciliated cysts developing after sinus floor augmentation, based on a series of cases from our files and a systematic review of the literature. A series of five cases (four patients) of microscopically confirmed surgical ciliated cysts following sinus floor augmentation procedures from our files are described. A systematic literature search (1991–2020) with strict clinical-, radiological- and microscopic-based exclusion and inclusion criteria was performed to detect additional similar cases. The systematic review revealed only five cases that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Altogether, surgical ciliated cysts associated with sinus floor augmentation have been rarely reported in the literature, and have not been characterized either demographically or clinically. Graft materials were diverse, implants were placed simultaneously, or up to two years post-augmentation. The associated surgical ciliated cysts developed between 0.5 and 10 years post-augmentation. Although limited in its extent, this study is the first series to characterize possible underreported sequelae of surgical ciliated cysts associated with sinus floor augmentation. It emphasizes the need for long post-operative follow-up and confirmation of lesion by microscopic examination.

scholarly journals Physical exercise, IGF-1 and cognition A systematic review of experimental studies in the elderly

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Miki Stein ◽  
Thays Martins Vital Silva ◽  
Flávia Gomes de Melo Coelho ◽  
Franciel José Arantes ◽  
José Luiz Riani Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Assessment Results

ABSTRACT One of hypothetical mechanisms related to cognition is exercise-induced IGF-1. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of exercise on IGF-1 levels and cognition in the elderly. Methods: The article searches were conducted on Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scielo databases and reviewed according to PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria were: [1] original articles published up to 2017; [2] samples including elderly; [3] protocols including physical exercise; [4] longitudinal studies having exercise as main outcome; [5] assessment of IGF-1; [6] cognition assessment. Results: Seven studies were included in this review. Three of the studies showed an exercise-induced increase in IGF-1; three found stable IGF-1 levels and one found a reduction in IGF-1; with and without improvement in cognition. Conclusion: Disparities in the type of physical exercise, protocols and samples under different conditions hinder the establishment of a consensus on IGF-1, cognition and physical exercise.

scholarly journals Psychosocial interventions for adults with visible differences: A systematic review

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Norman ◽  
Timothy P Moss
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Some individuals with visible differences have been found to experience psychosocial adjustment problems that can lead to social anxiety and isolation. Various models of psychosocial intervention have been used to reduce social anxiety and appearance related distress in this population. The objective of this review was to update a previous systematic review assessing the efficacy of psychosocial intervention programs for adults with visible differences. The original review (Bessell & Moss, 2007) identified 12 papers for inclusion. Methods: A search protocol identified studies from 13 electronic journal databases. Methods: Studies were selected in accordance with pre-set inclusion criteria and relevant data were extracted. Results: This update identified an additional four papers that met the inclusion criteria. Two papers provided very limited evidence for the efficacy of a combined cognitive-behavioural and social skills training approach. None of the papers provided sufficient evidence for the optimal duration, intensity or setting of psychosocial interventions for this population. Discussion: The review concluded that a greater number of Randomised Controlled Trials and experimental studies were required to increase the methodological validity of intervention studies.

Suicide in prisons and remand centres

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Marco Sarchiapone ◽  
Miriam Iosue
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
High Level

Suicide is one of the most common causes of death in custodial settings worldwide, accounting for around 10% of prisoners’ deaths. Suicide attempts and suicidal ideation are also more common among prisoners compared to the general population. The high prevalence of suicidal behaviours among prisoners is likely the result of a complex interaction between individual vulnerability and the high level of stress and deprivation caused by the condition of confinement. Among prisoners and inmates, the prevalence of well-established suicide risk factors, such as a history of self-harm, psychopathological conditions, aggressive personality traits, and childhood trauma, is higher than in the general population. Moreover, the loss of freedom and autonomy, social isolation, lack of purposeful activity, and victimization are prison-specific stressors that showed to increase the suicide risk among inmates. Given this complexity, comprehensive multifactored prevention programmes involving the administrative, custodial, and clinical staff are the most effective in preventing suicide.

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