scholarly journals Mental health and the built environment: Cross – sectional survey of individual and contextual risk factors for depression

2002 ◽  
Vol 180 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Weich ◽  
Martin Blanchard ◽  
Martin Prince ◽  
Elizabeth Burton ◽  
Bob Erens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

BackgroundLittle is known about the effects of the physical environment on individual health.AimsThe present study tested the hypothesis that the prevalence of depression is associated with independently rated measures of the built environment, after adjusting for individuals' socio-economic status and the internal characteristics of their dwellings.MethodCross-sectional survey of 1887 individuals aged 16 years and over in two electoral wards in north London. Depression was ascertained using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES–D). The built environment was rated independently, using a validated measure.ResultsAfter adjusting for socio-economic status, floor of residence and structural housing problems, statistically significant associations were found between the prevalence of depression and living in housing areas characterised by properties with predominantly deck access (odds ratio=1.28, 95% Cl 1.03–1.58; P=0.02) and of recent (post-1969) construction (odds ratio=l.43, 95% Cl 1.06–1.91; P=0.02).ConclusionsThe prevalence of depression was associated with independently rated features of the built environment, independent of individuals' socio-economic status and internal characteristics of dwellings.

Depression in Primary Caregivers of Patients Listed for Liver or Kidney Transplantation

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Bolkhir ◽  
Marci M. Loiselle ◽  
Donna M. Evon ◽  
Paul H. Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Scale Score ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The Impact

Background No studies have examined depression in primary caregivers of adult patients listed for liver or kidney transplantation. Objective To determine the prevalence of depression among primary caregivers of patients listed for liver or kidney transplantation and to compare these 2 groups. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and a demographic questionnaire were sent out and returned by mail. Results Of 72 eligible primary caregivers, 42 (58%) participated; the participation rate was similar for caregivers of kidney and liver failure patients (21/32 [66%)] vs 21/40 [53%], P = .3). Mean caregiver age was 54.7 ± 13.6 years. Twenty-three caregivers (54.8%) were spouses, 15 (35.7%) were first-degree relatives, and 26 (62%) were women. Median depression scale score was 5.5 (0–36). Three (7%), 2 (5%), and 3 (7%) participants reported mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. Median Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score was higher among caregivers of liver versus kidney patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (9 vs 4, P = .2). Depression scale scores did not correlate with age, sex, time listed, or nature or length of relationship with the patient. The prevalence of depression in primary caregivers was 19%; of these caregivers, one third may have had severe depression. Conclusions The prevalence of moderate to severe depression in primary caregivers of liver and kidney transplant candidates is significant. The impact of depression on caregivers as well as patients, both before and after transplantation, deserves study. Screening for depression in caregivers could lead to clinical interventions that benefit caregivers and indirectly improve patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status and behavioural and cardiovascular risk factors in Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0211068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rarau ◽  
Justin Pulford ◽  
Hebe Gouda ◽  
Suparat Phuanukoonon ◽  
Chris Bullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Prevalence of depression among relatives of cancer patients in Jordan: A cross-sectional survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nizar M. Mhaidat ◽  
Suleiman A. Ai-Sweedan ◽  
Karem H. Alzoubi ◽  
Sayer I. Alazzam ◽  
Mohammed N. Banihani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

AbstractObjective:Depression is common among chronically ill patients and their relatives. In this article, we investigated the prevalence of depression among relatives of cancer patients in Jordan, and studied the relation between several socio-demographic, disease- and treatment-related factors, together with the occurrence of depression among those relatives.Method:A cross-sectional survey study was conducted at a major university hospital in Jordan. Relatives of cancer patients were interviewed for socio-demographic information, and medical records were checked for information about disease and treatment of patient. Psychological status of the relative was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale (HADS).Results:The prevalence of depression in our sample was 81.9%. Age and degree of relatedness were significantly correlated with the occurrence of depression among relatives of cancer patients. Significant correlations were also detected between depression among patient's relatives and the stage of the disease. Positive predictive factors for depression included relatives being middle aged, close relatedness, patients being in advanced disease stage, and on chemotherapy or undergoing surgery for cancer treatment.Significance of results:Depression is prevalent among relatives of cancer patients. Therefore, more attention is needed to detect changes in the psychological state of vulnerable relatives of cancer patients, in an effort to reduce the occurrence of depression.

scholarly journals Long-term Effectiveness of Overnight Shiftwork Implementation on Pediatric Residents’ Wellness: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiro Nakao ◽  
Osamu Nomura ◽  
Mitsuru Kubota ◽  
Akira Ishiguro
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Residents ◽  
Work Style

Abstract BackgroundIn Japan, the “Work Style Reform Bill” was partially enacted in 2019. In 2011, an Overnight Call Shift (OCS) system was introduced for pediatric training at the National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD). A questionnaire survey was conducted twice during the introduction of this system, finding a decrease in working hours, but no change in the depressive tendency of the residents. We conducted a follow-up survey in 2019 to investigate the long-term effectiveness of the OCS system to improve the pediatric residents’ wellness at NCCHD.MethodsA questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted for pediatric residents in 2019, and the results were compared to those of the previous survey in 2012. The questionnaire includes demographic data, working conditions data, and wellness assessment by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).ResultsThe collection rate for the 2019 survey was 94.5% (37 participants/39 eligible). Compared to 2012, there were no significant changes in demographic data and working hours, a significant increase by about 30% in residents who took daytime off after night work, about 10% decrease in residents who scored 16 and above on the CES-D, and a significant decrease in the mean score for depersonalization (DP) in the MBI.ConclusionsThis survey demonstrated the long-term effectiveness of the implemented OCS system to improve pediatric residents’ wellness. This study provides evidence for the further initiative to improve pediatricians’ wellness for preparing for the government’s overtime regulations for physicians scheduled for 2024.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression among Antenatal Women in Sriperumbudur, Chennai

2021 ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
Jayashree Kannappan ◽  
Abhilash Kannappan ◽  
V. S. Prema Subathiraa ◽  
Shanthi Dinakaran ◽  
P. S. Jikki Kalaselvi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Background: Women are twice as likely as males to suffer from mood disorders, which tend to cluster around the childbearing years. Depression negatively influences maternal and neonatal outcomes. Objective: The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of depression in pregnant women aged 18 – 35 yrs and to identify predictors accounting for variability across estimates during pandemic. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study, conducted among 74 pregnant women coming for antenatal checkups in the Sriperumbudur, Chennai. Using height and weight values obtained from the sample, Body Mass Index (weight in kg/height in metre squares) was calculated. Hamilton – Depression Scale (HAM-d) was applied after initial psychiatry work up to all women who were selected for the interview. Mean of parameters were assessed and correlation value were calculated by Fisher’s exact test. The statistically significant P value was less than 0.05. Results: The sociodemographic variables have been found as significant contributors in explaining the variability of the prevalence rates of antenatal depression. It showed positive correlation between economic status and depression (p<0.05) and a negative correlation between obesity and depression (p>0.05). According to the findings, fewer than 1/3rd of pregnant women experience depression as a result of life circumstances such as economic crises in order to support their families. These were identified as significant associate variables (P>0.05). And also, this study identified insufficient socioeconomic assistance were more likely to experience multiple psychological discomfort [atleast 1] than women who got appropriate economic support. (r = -0.118, P < 0.001) Conclusion: In rural Tamilnadu, the prevalence of antenatal depression among women is significant. Antenatal Depression is caused by a number of circumstances, including physical, obstetric, economic, and family-related issues. To treat these antenatal depression risk factors, comprehensive therapies are required.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status and urbanization are linked to snacks and obesity in adolescents in Botswana

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2260-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segametsi D Maruapula ◽  
Jose C Jackson ◽  
Joanna Holsten ◽  
Sheila Shaibu ◽  
Leapetswe Malete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Diet Pattern

AbstractObjectiveTo describe patterns of food consumption associated with overweight/ obesity (OW/OB) and their links to socio-economic status (SES) and urbanization.DesignA nationwide cross-sectional survey.SettingSecondary schools in cities, towns and villages in Botswana, Africa.SubjectsA total of 746 adolescent schoolchildren.ResultsOW/OB is associated with greater SES, city residence and a snack-food diet pattern. Students belonging to higher SES compared with those from a lower SES background reported significantly (P< 0·01) more daily servings of snack foods (1·55v. 0·76) and fewer servings of traditional diet foods (0·99v. 1·68) and also reported that they ate meals outside the home more often (90 %v. 72 %). Students in cities ate significantly (P< 0·01) more servings of snacks (1·69v. 1·05v. 0·51) and fewer servings of traditional foods (0·67v. 1·52v. 1·61) compared with those in urban and rural villages. The odds of OW/OB were increased 1·16-fold with a snack-food diet, a result that was diminished when controlled for SES.ConclusionsThese data suggest that nutritional transition occurs at different rates across urbanization and SES levels in Botswana. In cities, increasing the availability of fruit while reducing access to or portion sizes of snack items is important. Emphasis on continued intake of traditional foods may also be helpful as rural areas undergo economic and infrastructural development.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Coverage and Usage of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Madagascar

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeta Thawani ◽  
Manisha A. Kulkarni ◽  
Salim Sohani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Net Use ◽  
Llin Distribution ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets ◽  
Llin Ownership

In October 2007, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) were distributed in 59 of the 111 districts in Madagascar as part of a nationwide child survival campaign. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted six months post-campaign to evaluate net ownership, use and equity. Here, we examined the effects of socioeconomic factors on LLIN ownership and usage in districts with and without net distribution during the campaign. Our data demonstrated that in districts with LLIN distribution, LLIN ownership was similar across all wealth groups in households with at least one child under the age of five years (90.5% versus 88.6%); in districts without net distribution, 57.8% of households in the poorest tertile compared to 90.1% of households in the least poor tertile owned at least one LLIN. In contrast, in LLIN-owning households, both in districts with and without net distribution, higher socio-economic status was not associated with use among children under five years. These findings suggest that socio-economic status contributes to the household net ownership but once a household owns a net, socio-economic status is not associated with net use.

scholarly journals Burden and Depression among Caregivers of Visually Impaired Patients in a Canadian Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Khan ◽  
Puneet S. Braich ◽  
Karim Rahim ◽  
Jaspreet S. Rayat ◽  
Lin Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Risk For Depression

Purpose/Background. This study reports the degree of burden and the proportion at risk for depression among individuals who provide care to visually impaired patients.Study Design. This is clinic-based, cross-sectional survey in a tertiary care hospital.Methods. Caregivers were considered unpaid family members for patients whose sole impairment was visual. Patients were stratified by vision in their better seeing eye into two groups: Group 1 had visual acuity between 6/18 and 6/60 and Group 2 were those who had 6/60 or worse. Burden was evaluated by the Burden Index of Caregivers and the prevalence of being at risk for depression was determined by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale.Results. 236 caregivers of 236 patients were included. Total mean BIC scores were higher in Group 2. Female caregivers, caregivers providing greater hours of care, and caregivers of patients who have not completed vision rehabilitation programs are at higher risk for depression.

The Role of Socio-Economic Status in Adoption of Coping Strategies Among Adolescents Against Domestic Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 2862-2881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Ahmad ◽  
Sayyeda Maida Ishtiaq ◽  
Mudasir Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status

In the current study, researchers explored different types of coping strategies such as problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and non-constructive coping of adolescents witnessing and experiencing domestic violence. Furthermore, they tried to find out the association of socio-economic status with coping strategies against domestic violence in family sphere. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 210 adolescents of both sexes, aged 13 to 18 years in Hafizabad city using multistage sampling technique. Multivariate analysis was used to find out the association between adolescents’ resistance and resilience strategies against domestic violence. The information was collected through a structured interview schedule. This study revealed that age, gender, parents’ education, and family income were major factors that influenced the adoption of coping strategy among adolescents. Overall, the study suggested that adolescents were being victimized of various forms of domestic violence frequently in Pakistan, which needs to be addressed on immediate basis through policies and programs by integrating the social institutions of family and education. Findings of the study can enable parents to nurture and support the developmental needs of children in their care. It can help youth in defending themselves from extreme violent behavior adopters and preventing them from becoming the perpetrators of the domestic violence.

scholarly journals Food shopping transition: socio-economic characteristics and motivations associated with use of supermarkets in a North African urban environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1410-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Tessier ◽  
Pierre Traissac ◽  
Nicolas Bricas ◽  
Bernard Maire ◽  
Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Credit Card ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Mediterranean Country ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Food Shopping

AbstractObjectiveIn the context of the nutrition transition and associated changes in the food retail sector, to examine the socio-economic characteristics and motivations of shoppers using different retail formats (large supermarkets (LSM), medium-sized supermarkets (MSM) or traditional outlets) in Tunisia.DesignCross-sectional survey (2006). Socio-economic status, type of food retailer and motivations data were collected during house visits. Associations between socio-economic factors and type of retailer were assessed by multinomial regression; correspondence analysis was used to analyse declared motivations.SettingPeri-urban area around Tunis, Tunisia, North Africa.SubjectsClustered random sample of 724 households.ResultsOne-third of the households used LSM, two-thirds used either type of supermarket, but less than 5 % used supermarkets only. Those who shopped for food at supermarkets were of higher socio-economic status; those who used LSM were much wealthier, more often had a steady income or owned a credit card, while MSM users were more urban and had a higher level of education. Most households still frequently used traditional outlets, mostly their neighbourhood grocer. Reasons given for shopping at the different retailers were most markedly leisure for LSM, while for the neighbourhood grocer the reasons were fidelity, proximity and availability of credit (the latter even more for lower-income customers).ConclusionsThe results pertain to the transition in food shopping practices in a south Mediterranean country; they should be considered in the context of growing inequalities in health linked to the nutritional transition, as they differentiate use and motivations for the choice of supermarkets v. traditional food retailers according to socio-economic status.

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