scholarly journals Subcortical dementia

2002 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Turner ◽  
Nicholas F. Moran ◽  
Michael D. Kopelman
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Subcortical Dementia ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Motor Difficulties ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundDrawing a distinction between cortical and subcortical dementias seems both useful and justified. Recent research has, however, cast doubt on the clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and neuroanatomical basis of the distinction.AimsTo arrive at a reasoned conclusion about the relationship between the two types of dementia and the validity of distinguishing between them.MethodThe historical and recent clinical and scientific literature on subcortical dementia was reviewed.ResultsThe traditional claim that subcortical dementia has distinct clinical manifestations, neuroimaging findings and a neuropathological profile is not altogether borne out by the literature. Some studies show that frontal executive dysfunction and the profile of memory deficits are not significantly different from those seen in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathological findings also overlap.ConclusionsThe category of subcortical dementia may be clinically useful in highlighting the likelihood that an individual with dementia is more likely to suffer from bradyphrenia and motor difficulties. As neuroscience advances a preoccupation with the distinction may hinder the assessment and treatment of individual cases.

Apathy and executive function in Alzheimer's disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN McPHERSON ◽  
LYNN FAIRBANKS ◽  
SIBEL TIKEN ◽  
JEFFREY L. CUMMINGS ◽  
CARLA BACK-MADRUGA
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
The Relationship

Apathy is a common behavioral disturbance in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have linked the presence of apathy to alterations in frontal lobe functions, but few studies have explored the relationship using standard neuropsychological measures in patients with AD. We administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and a behavior rating scale to 80 patients with AD. We explored the relationship of apathy to executive dysfunction. AD patients with apathy performed significantly worse on tests of executive function (WAIS–R Digit Symbol, Trail-Making, Stroop Color Interference Test) than AD patients without apathy. The presence of dysphoria did not modify these results and no significant relationships were found between tests of executive functions and dysphoria. Performance on executive measures as a group were effective in correctly classifying patients as apathetic or nonapathetic with 75% accuracy. Neuropsychological measures not dependent on executive functions were unrelated to apathy. Apathy is associated with executive dysfunction and not with other neuropsychological deficits. Apathy is distinct from dysphoria. (JINS, 2002, 8, 373–381.)

Head Circumference as a Measure of Cognitive Reserve

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Graves ◽  
J. A. Mortimer ◽  
E. B. Larson ◽  
A. Wenzlow ◽  
J. D. Bowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundRecent studies suggest that larger brain size may offer some protection against the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. However, this association has not been investigated in population-based studies.MethodThe relationship between head circumference, a measure of premorbid brain size, and score on the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) was studied in a population of 1985 Japanese–Americans aged 65+ living in King County, Washington, USA.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, sex and education, head circumference was positively associated with CASI score (b=3.8, 95% CI: 2.2, 5.4; P=0.0000), but not with diagnosis of probable AD (odds ratio=0.87, 95% CI: 0.33, 1.87). When the data were stratified by AD status, no association was seen among controls (b=1.6, 95% CI: – 1.7, 5.1; P=0.4), whereas a strong effect was present among cases (b=35.3, 95% CI: 12.2, 58.4: P=0.006).ConclusionsThese results suggest that persons with AD with smaller head circumference either had the disease longer or progressed more rapidly than those with larger head circumference. Improvement in environmental factors in prenatal and early life that partially determine completed brain/head size may have consequences for the late-life expression of Alzheimer's disease in vulnerable individuals.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS COURSE AND TREATMENT AT PRESENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
K.G. Suprun
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Age Factor ◽  
The Relationship

The article provides an overview of current data from the scientific literature on the epidemiological features of onychomycosis at present, including changes in the spectrum of pathogens, the nature of the course and clinical manifestations of fungal nail lesions. Current data on the characteristic manifestation of onychomycosis point out the importance of age factor: age-related changes in old population are associated with involutional processes in the skin and its appendages, decreased growth rate of nails, angiopathy, etc. This review demonstrated the relationship between chronic dermatoses and onychomycosis. In chronic dermatoses, including psoriasis, eczema, etc., there are fungal lesions of the nail plates, which cause not only the progression of trophic disorders, increased dryness of the skin and violation of its integrity, but also sensitization of the patient. Onychomycosis complicates the course of chronic dermatoses. In the absence of onychomycosis treatment there is a significant risk of complete destruction of the nail plates with further involvement of the adjacent skin in the pathological process and infection spreading. Three components of effective therapy are identified: accurate diagnosis, correctly selected therapy and compliance. This article also provides the brief description of existing treatment methods of onychomycosis ranging from monotherapy with systemic antifungals to the combined use of systemic and topical antifungals, as well as the use of non-medicinal methods, and in particular methods of ultraphonophoresis, electrophoresis and photodynamics.

scholarly journals Alzheimer's disease and implicit memory

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2a) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Marlo Cunha ◽  
Daniel Minc ◽  
Claudio Elidio Portella ◽  
Bruna Velasques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Implicit System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Final Effect

Specific neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) affect some forms of memory while leaving others relatively intact. In this review, we investigate particularities of the relationship between explicit and implicit memories in AD. It was found that implicit memory is preserved in AD, irrespective of the task used; in other words, there was not interference from explicit memory. In addition, it was verified that is possible through implicit memory compensatory strategies such as, activities of daily living (ADL) to compensate for the explicit memory deficits. In this sense, cognitive rehabilitation (CR) demonstrates reasonable results in the process of compensation of explicit memory deficits. Concluding, the decline in explicit memory suggests that both systems are functionally independent even if the other is compromised. We expect that when explicit memory system is not involved in competition with the implicit system, the final effect of learning is better, because all of the implicit memory capacity is engaged in learning and not in competition with the explicit system.

ISLAM DAN PANCASILA DALAM PEMIKIRAN MOHAMMAD NATSIR

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Mhd Alfahjri Sukri
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Childhood Environment ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

This research was conducted to see how Mohammad Natsir thought about the relationship between Islam and Pancasila. This study also explains the causes of Natsir's change of mind which initially supported Pancasila as part of Islam and later turned into an opponent of Pancasila in Konstituante on 11 November to 6 December 1957. The methodology used was a qualitative method by describing the results of the analysis carried out. The research data is obtained through a review of documents and scientific literature. The results of the study show that Mohammad Natsir's change of mind regarding the relationship between Islam and Pancasila was influenced by Mohammad Natsir's political socialization which began from Natsir's view of Islam influenced by the childhood environment (conditional and socio-cultural) in Minangkabau; direct influence from national figures such as Ahmad Hassan, H. Agus Salim, Sheikh Ahmad Syurkati and H. O Tjokroaminoto; the indirect influence of international figures throughout reading book such as Hassan Al-Banna, Amir Syakib Arselan, Rashid Ridha and Muhammad Abduh; the influence of Natsir's organization and political parties, namely Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB), Islamic Unity (Persis), and Masyumi political parties; and the influence of the political conditions at that time which made Natsir's views change, which initially accepted Pancasila and then became an opponent of the Pancasila. This research shown there are two patterns of Natsir's relationship with Pancasila, namely (1) Natsir accepted Pancasila and, (2) Natsir opposed Pancasila.

О НЕКОТОРЫХ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ АСПЕКТАХ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ВОСПИТАТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ С ОСУЖДЕННЫМИ В МЕСТАХ ЛИШЕНИЯ СВОБОДЫ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Dvortsov ◽  
Alexander Efimenko
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Education Profession ◽  
Comprehensive Programs ◽  
The Relationship

В статье предпринята попытка теоретического анализа и изучения научной литературы по организации и становлению воспитательной работы с осужденными в местах лишения свободы, продемонстрирована взаимосвязь между политико-воспитательной работой, ресоциализацией и исправлением осужденных в пенитенциарных учреждениях. Проведенное исследование позволяет предполагать, что воспитательная работа является основополагающим средством исправления различных категорий осужденных (регламентировано ст. 9 УИК РФ). На этой основе критерием исправления будет становиться устойчивое правопослушное поведение человека. В связи с этим возникает необходимость использования психолого-педагогической программы по перестройке и самооценке осужденных, позволяющей формировать их готовность к самореализации, когда осознание совершенных преступлений становится внутренне неприемлемым. Авторами отмечается, что, самоисправление человека зависит от ряда направлений воспитательной работы: нравственного, правового, физического воспитания, получения основного общего образования, получения профессии. Очевидно, что для закрепления положительного результата процесс ресоциализации в пенитенциарных учреждениях должен проводиться сотрудниками всех отделов и служб на основе комплексных программ, разработанных с учетом специфики и возраста осужденных.The article attempts a theoretical analysis and study of scientific literature on the organization and formation of educational work with convicts in prisons, demonstrates the relationship between «political and educational work», re-socialization and correction of convicts in prisons. The study suggests that educational work is a fundamental means of correcting various categories of convicts (regulated by article 9 of the criminal code). Based on this criterion fixes will become sustainable human behavior, demonstrating a conscious rejection of the violation of legal norms with the aim of securing sustainable patterns of law-abiding behavior. There is a need to use the psychological and pedagogical Program for restructuring and self-assessment of convicts, which allows to form on this basis their readiness for self-realization, when the awareness of the crimes committed becomes internally unacceptable. In this regard, the self-correction of a person depends on a number of areas, namely, moral, legal, physical education, basic General education, profession, forming the basis of educational work. It is obvious that in order to consolidate a positive result in penitentiary institutions, the activities of all departments and services should be carried out a process of re-socialization on the basis of comprehensive Programs developed taking into account the specifics and different ages of convicts.

MiR-335-5p Inhibits β-Amyloid (Aβ) Accumulation to Attenuate Cognitive Deficits Through Targeting c-jun-N-terminal Kinase 3 in Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Zhifu Fei ◽  
Song Luo ◽  
Hai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as senile dementia, is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and personality changes. Numerous evidences have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis and development of AD. However, the exact role of miR-335-5p in the progression of AD is still not clearly clarified. Methods: The protein and mRNA levels were measured by western blot and RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. The relationship between miR-335-5p and c-jun-N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with APP mutant gene to establish the in vitro AD cell model. Flow cytometry and western blot were performed to evaluate cell apoptosis. The APP/PS1 transgenic mice were used as an in vivo AD model. Morris water maze test was performed to assess the effect of miR- 335-5p on the cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Results: The JNK3 mRNA expression and protein levels of JNK3 and β-Amyloid (Aβ) were significantly up-regulated, and the mRNA expression of miR-335-5p was down-regulated in the brain tissues of AD patients. The expression levels of miR-335-5p and JNK3 were significantly inversely correlated. Further, the dual Luciferase assay verified the relationship between miR-335- 5p and JNK3. Overexpression of miR-335-5p significantly decreased the protein levels of JNK3 and Aβ and inhibited apoptosis in SH-SY5Y/APPswe cells, whereas the inhibition of miR-335-5p obtained the opposite results. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-335-5p remarkably improved the cognitive abilities of APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion: The results revealed that the increased JNK3 expression, negatively regulated by miR-335-5p, may be a potential mechanism that contributes to Aβ accumulation and AD progression, indicating a novel approach for AD treatment.

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