scholarly journals Aggressive behaviour in patients with schizophrenia is associated with catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype

2001 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jones ◽  
S. Zammit ◽  
N. Norton ◽  
M. L. Hamshere ◽  
S. J. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Contingency Table ◽  
Overt Aggression ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Overt Aggression Scale ◽  
Larger Sample

BackgroundEvidence exists for an association between aggression and schizophrenia. Although the aetiology of aggression is multifactorial, three studies have reported associations between polymorphisms of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and aggression in schizophrenia.AimsTo replicate these findings in a larger sample using the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS).MethodA sample of 180 people with DSM–IV schizophrenia were rated for aggression using the OAS. Kruskal–Wallis and contingency table analyses were applied to the OAS results.ResultsThe high-activity homozygotes showed significantly higher scores of aggression, whereas the heterozygotes showed significantly lower scores. The odds ratio for aggression for the high-activity homozygotes was 2.07 (95% Cl=1.03–4.15), whereas that for the heterozygotes was 0.54 (95% CI=0. 30–1.00).ConclusionsThe high-activity COMT homozygote confers a higher risk of recorded aggression in schizophrenia. Heterozygotes had a significantly lower risk, which may represent an example of heterosis/heterozygote advantage.

scholarly journals Violent behaviour in schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vevera ◽  
Alan Hubbard ◽  
Arnošt Veselý ◽  
Hana Papežová
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Overt Aggression ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Overt Aggression Scale ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundA number of studies have reported increased violence in patients with schizophrenia.AimsTo determine the prevalence of violence among those with schizophrenia in samples from 1949, 1969, 1989 and 2000 in Prague (Czech Republic) and to examine trends in this behaviour.MethodRecords from 404 patients meeting DSM–IV criteria for schizophrenia were screened for violence (defined as 3 points on the Modified Overt Aggression Scale) from the first observed psychotic symptoms until the time of latest available information.ResultsLogistic regression revealed a marginally significant increase in violence only inthe 2000 cohort. Overall, violence was associated with schizophrenia in 41.8% of men and 32.7% of women, with no association between substance misuse and violence.ConclusionsThe violence rate found in our sample is expected to remain stable over time under stable conditions. Substance misuse is not the leading cause of violence among those with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Zuclopenthixol in adults with intellectual disabilities and aggressive behaviours

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Haessler ◽  
Thomas Glaser ◽  
Manfred Beneke ◽  
Akos F. Pap ◽  
Ralf Bodenschatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Overt Aggression ◽  
Open Treatment ◽  
Aggressive Behaviours ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Overt Aggression Scale

SummaryWe investigated the effects of zuclopenthixol on aggressive behaviour in patients with intellectual disabilities by randomly withdrawing it after a 6-week period of open treatment. Of the 49 patients responding to the treatment, 39 took part in a randomised withdrawal trial. The placebo subgroup (n=20) showed more aggressive behaviour as indicated by outcomes observed by external raters on the Modified Overt Aggression Scale than did the continuing subgroup (n=19). The results indicate that discontinuation of zuclopenthixol in this population leads to an increase in aggressive behaviour.

scholarly journals Aggressive behaviour in an acute general adult psychiatric unit

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 166-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim M. El-Badri ◽  
Graham Mellsop
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Overt Aggression ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acute Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Overt Aggression Scale

Aims and MethodThe study aimed to identify the correlates of aggressive behaviour in an adult acute psychiatric ward. Over a period of 9 months, all incidents of verbal and physical aggressive behaviour exhibited by in-patients were routinely assessed using the Overt Aggression Scale.ResultsOf the 535 patients admitted during the study period, 80 (15%) were involved in a total of 124 aggressive incidents. Of these 80, 44 (55%) had a history of previous violence and 54 (68%) had a history of substance misuse. The majority of events occurred early in the hospital stay and in most cases aggression was against staff. There were significant differences between aggressive and non-aggressive patients in terms of gender and ethnicity, with the lowest rate occurring in European females.Clinical ImplicationsThese results reinforce clinical impressions, and empirical evidence, and allow risk assessment to be performed with greater confidence. The relevance of ethnicity (or more likely culture) highlights the difficulties of a ‘one size fits all’ approach to risk assessment.

Overt Aggression Scale

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart C. Yudofsky ◽  
Jonathan M. Silver ◽  
Wynn Jackson ◽  
Jean Endicott ◽  
Daniel Williams
Keyword(s):  
Overt Aggression ◽  
Overt Aggression Scale

scholarly journals Risk of Weight Loss in Adult Patients and the Effect of Staffing Registered Dietitians in Kaifukuki (Convalescent) Rehabilitation Wards: A Retrospective Analysis of a Nationwide Survey

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Shinta Nishioka ◽  
Yoji Kokura ◽  
Takatsugu Okamoto ◽  
Masako Takayama ◽  
Ichiro Miyai
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Registered Dietitians ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Nutrition Care ◽  
Class 1

There is scarce evidence regarding the risk of weight loss and the effect of having registered dietitians (RDs) on staff in rehabilitation wards on weight loss. We aimed to examine the effects of RDs in Kaifukuki (convalescent) rehabilitation wards (KRWs) on the prevention of weight loss in adult patients. Data from 2-year nationwide annual surveys on KRWs in Japan were retrospectively analysed. Weight loss was defined as loss of ≥5% weight during the KRW stay. Risk of weight loss in class 1 KRWs (obligated to provide nutrition care) was compared with that in class 2–6 KRWs (not obligated). Risk of weight loss in class 2–6 KRWs with RDs was compared to those without. Overall, 17.7% of 39,417 patients lost weight. Class 1 KRWs showed a lower risk of weight loss than class 2–6 KRWs (17.3% vs. 18.5%, p = 0.003). KRWs with RDs showed a significantly lower incidence of weight loss than those without RDs (16.1% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.015). Class 1 KRWs and exclusively staffed RDs were independently associated with lower odds of weight loss (odds ratio = 0.915 and 0.810, respectively). Approximately 18% of KRW patients lost weight, and having RDs on staff can lower the risk of weight loss.

scholarly journals TET2 Mutation and High miR-22 Expression as Biomarkers to Predict Clinical Outcome in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients Treated with Hypomethylating Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 917-931
Author(s):  
Jina Yun ◽  
Young Sok Ji ◽  
Geum Ha Jang ◽  
Sung Hee Lim ◽  
Se Hyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Dna Hypermethylation ◽  
Leukemic Transformation ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Similar Tendency ◽  
Tet2 Mutation ◽  
Expression Status

Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). TET2 is known to involve a demethylation process, and the loss of TET2 is thought to cause DNA hypermethylation. Loss of TET2 function is known to be caused by genetic mutations and miRNA, such as miR-22. We analyzed 41 MDS patients receiving hypomethylating therapy (HMT) to assess whether TET2 mutation status and miR-22 expression status were associated with their clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Responsiveness to HMT was not affected by both TET2 mutation (odds ratio (OR) 0.900, p = 0.909) and high miR-22 expression (OR 1.548, p = 0.631). There was a tendency for TET2 mutation to be associated with lower-risk disease based on IPSS (Gamma = −0.674, p = 0.073), lower leukemic transformation (OR 0.170, p = 0.040) and longer survival (Hazard ratio 0.354, p = 0.059). Although high miR-22 expression also showed a similar tendency, this tendency was weaker than that of TET2 mutation. In summary, the loss of TET2 function, including both TET2 mutation and high miR-22 expression, was not a good biomarker for predicting the response to HMT but may be associated with lower-risk disease based on IPSS, lower leukemic transformation and longer survival.

scholarly journals Contribuição dos fatores de risco psicossociais para o transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio M. Vasconcelos ◽  
Ana Flávia de A. Malheiros ◽  
Jairo Werner Jr. ◽  
Adriana R. Brito ◽  
Jane Bardawil Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Dsm Iv

OBJETIVO: Analisar a contribuição dos fatores psicossociais para a ocorrência do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH). MÉTODO: Este é um estudo retrospectivo de casos-controles que analisou 403 alunos de uma escola pública primária. Preencheram-se o questionário de sintomas do DSM-IV e um questionário psicossocial específico e realizaram-se anamnese e exames físico e neurológico completos. RESULTADOS: O fator psicossocial estatisticamente significativo foi "brigas conjugais no passado" (odds ratio = 11,66, p = 0,044). Observaram-se assassinatos de 29 parentes próximos das crianças, e esta variável foi estatisticamente relevante. CONCLUSÃO: As crianças expostas a "brigas conjugais no passado" entre os pais correram risco 11,66 vezes mais alto de ter o diagnóstico de TDAH. Os autores propõem que a exposição à violência comunitária seja acrescentada aos indicadores de adversidade de Rutter, os quais predispõem à ocorrência de TDAH e outros transtornos neuropsiquiátricos na infância.

scholarly journals Estudio farmacogenómico en Trastorno Límite de Personalidad.

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Hernán Silva ◽  
Patricia Iturra ◽  
Aldo Solari ◽  
Juana Villarroel ◽  
Sonia Jerez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overt Aggression ◽  
Overt Aggression Scale

Antecedentes: Las conductas agresivas e impulsivas han sido asociadas con disfunciones del sistema serotoninérgicocentral. Polimorfismos del transportador de serotonina, de la triptófano hidroxilasa (TPH1) y de los receptoresserotoninérgicos 5HT1B y 5HT2C han sido vinculados a agresión e impulsividad. Varios estudios en depresiónmayor han demostrado que el alelo corto (S) del promotor del gen transportador de serotonina se asocia a una peorrespuesta a los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS). Material y métodos: En este estudiose investigó la asociación entre la respuesta de la impulsividad al tratamiento con fluoxetina y polimorfismos deltransportador de serotonina, TPH1 y de los receptores 5HT1B y 5HT2C, en 49 pacientes con trastorno límite depersonalidad. Resultados: Los pacientes con el genotipo L/L del promotor del gen transportador de serotonina,evaluados mediante la Overt Aggression Scale-Modified (OAS-M), tuvieron una respuesta a fluoxetinasignificativamente mejor que los portadores del alelo S. No se encontró asociación entre la respuesta a fluoxetina ylos genotipos de TPH1 y de los receptores 5HT1B y 5HT2C. Conclusiones: Este es el primer estudio en el que seevalúa la asociación entre estos polimorfismos y la respuesta anti-impulsiva a la fluoxetina en pacientes con trastornolímite de personalidad. El alelo S puede representar un factor común de peor respuesta a los ISRS en enfermedadesasociadas a una disfunción serotoninérgica. (Rev. Neuropsiquiatría 2008; 71: 58-64).

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