scholarly journals Heritability of social cognitive skills in children and adolescents

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Scourfield ◽  
Neilson Martin ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Peter McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

BackgroundSocial cognitive skills are those which enable understanding of social situations; they are relevant to a variety of psychiatric disorders including autism, schizophrenia and externalising behaviour problems in children.AimsTo examine the heritability of social cognitive skills.MethodUsing a population-based sample of twins aged 5–17, the genetic and environmental influences on social cognitive skills were examined.ResultsMale scores were higher than female scores (P < 0.001), indicating poorer social cognition among males. A heritability of 0.68 (95% CI 0.43–0.78) was found, with shared environmental influences accounting for only 0.05 of the variance (95% CI 0.00–0.28). This could be removed from the model without worsening the fit. There were no significant differences in genetic effects between the genders, but age-related changes were found, with younger twins showing greater genetic influence on social cognition.ConclusionsSocial cognition appears to be under considerable genetic influence in the population and shows significant male–female differences. No gender differences in genetic influences on the variance of scores were found, but the effects of age were significant.

scholarly journals Age-related Changes in Biomarkers: Longitudinal Data From a Population-based Sample

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana A. Glei ◽  
Noreen Goldman ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Maxine Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Social Cognition through the Lens of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Arioli ◽  
Chiara Crespi ◽  
Nicola Canessa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Neuroscience ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cognitive Deficits

Social cognition refers to a set of processes, ranging from perception to decision-making, underlying the ability to decode others’ intentions and behaviors to plan actions fitting with social and moral, besides individual and economic considerations. Its centrality in everyday life reflects the neural complexity of social processing and the ubiquity of social cognitive deficits in different pathological conditions. Social cognitive processes can be clustered in three domains associated with (a) perceptual processing of social information such as faces and emotional expressions (social perception), (b) grasping others’ cognitive or affective states (social understanding), and (c) planning behaviors taking into consideration others’, in addition to one’s own, goals (social decision-making). We review these domains from the lens of cognitive neuroscience, i.e., in terms of the brain areas mediating the role of such processes in the ability to make sense of others’ behavior and plan socially appropriate actions. The increasing evidence on the “social brain” obtained from healthy young individuals nowadays constitutes the baseline for detecting changes in social cognitive skills associated with physiological aging or pathological conditions. In the latter case, impairments in one or more of the abovementioned domains represent a prominent concern, or even a core facet, of neurological (e.g., acquired brain injury or neurodegenerative diseases), psychiatric (e.g., schizophrenia), and developmental (e.g., autism) disorders. To pave the way for the other papers of this issue, addressing the social cognitive deficits associated with severe acquired brain injury, we will briefly discuss the available evidence on the status of social cognition in normal aging and its breakdown in neurodegenerative disorders. Although the assessment and treatment of such impairments is a relatively novel sector in neurorehabilitation, the evidence summarized here strongly suggests that the development of remediation procedures for social cognitive skills will represent a future field of translational research in clinical neuroscience.

Age Related Changes In Intensive Care Bed Utilization Over Time: A Population Based Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendiss Olafson ◽  
Clare D. Ramsey ◽  
Marina Yogendran ◽  
Jason Waechter ◽  
Randy Fransoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age Related Changes

Age-related changes in cognitive domains. A population-based study

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Scuteri ◽  
Luigi Palmieri ◽  
Cinzia Lo Noce ◽  
Simona Giampaoli
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Genetic influence on electrocardiogram time intervals and heart rate in aging mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. H1907-H1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqin Xing ◽  
Shirng-Wreng Tsaih ◽  
Rong Yuan ◽  
Karen L. Svenson ◽  
Linda M. Jorgenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Age Related Changes

Understanding the genetic influence on ECG time intervals and heart rate (HR) is important for identifying the genes underlying susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic influence on ECG parameters and their age-related changes in mice. ECGs were recorded in lead I on 8 males and 8 females from each of 28 inbred strains at the ages of 6, 12, and 18 mo. Significant interstrain differences in the P-R interval, QRS complex duration, and HR were found. Age-related changes in the P-R interval, QRS complex duration, and HR differed among strains. The P-R interval increased with age in 129S1/SvlmJ females. The QRS complex duration decreased with age in C57BR/J males and DBA2/J females but increased in NON/ShiLtJ females. HR decreased in C57L/J females and SM/J and P/J males but increased in BALB/cByJ males. Differences between males and females were found for HR in SJL/J mice and in the P-R interval in 129S1/SvlmJ mice. Broad-sense heritability estimates of ECG time intervals and HR ranged from 0.31 for the QRS complex duration to 0.52 for the P-R interval. Heritability estimates decreased with age for the P-R interval. Our study revealed that genetic factors play a significant role on cardiac conduction activity and age-related changes in ECG time intervals and HR.

Cultural Variance and Invariance of Age Differences in Social Cognition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chu ◽  
Yang Fang ◽  
Vivian Hiu-Ling Tsang ◽  
Helene H. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The One

Cognitive processing of social and nonsocial information changes with age. These processes range from the ones that serve “mere” cognitive functions, such as recall strategies and reasoning, to those that serve functions that pertain to self-regulation and relating to others. However, aging and the development of social cognition unfold in different cultural contexts, which may assume distinct social norms and values. Thus, the resulting age-related differences in cognitive and social cognitive processes may differ across cultures. On the one hand, biological aging could render age-related differences in social cognition universal; on the other hand, culture may play a role in shaping some age-related differences. Indeed, many aspects of cognition and social cognition showed different age and culture interactions, and this makes the study of these phenomena more complex. Future aging research on social cognition should take cultural influences into consideration.

scholarly journals Comparing physical and social cognitive skills in macaque species with different degrees of social tolerance

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1862) ◽  
pp. 20162738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Joly ◽  
Jérôme Micheletta ◽  
Arianna De Marco ◽  
Jan A. Langermans ◽  
Elisabeth H. M. Sterck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Social Tolerance ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Communication And Coordination

Contemporary evolutionary theories propose that living in groups drives the selection of enhanced cognitive skills to face competition and facilitate cooperation between individuals. Being able to coordinate both in space and time with others and make strategic decisions are essential skills for cooperating within groups. Social tolerance and an egalitarian social structure have been proposed as one specific driver of cooperation. Therefore, social tolerance is predicted to be associated with enhanced cognitive skills that underpin communication and coordination. Social tolerance should also be associated with enhanced inhibition, which is crucial for suppressing automatic responses and permitting delayed gratification in cooperative contexts. We tested the performance of four closely related non-human primate species (genus Macaca ) characterized by different degrees of social tolerance on a large battery of cognitive tasks covering physical and social cognition, and on an inhibitory control task. All species performed at a comparable level on the physical cognition tasks but the more tolerant species outperformed the less tolerant species at a social cognition task relevant to cooperation and in the inhibitory control task. These findings support the hypothesis that social tolerance is associated with the evolution of sophisticated cognitive skills relevant for cooperative social living.

Assessing social cognition: age-related changes in moral reasoning in childhood and adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chiasson ◽  
E. Vera-Estay ◽  
G. Lalonde ◽  
J. J. Dooley ◽  
M. H. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes
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