Use of electroconvulsive therapy in young people

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Duffett ◽  
Peter Hill ◽  
Paul Lelliott
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a controversial treatment for psychiatric disorders, particularly when it is administered to young people.AimsTo assess how frequently ECT is administered to people under the age of 18 years in the UK, and why it is given.MethodElectroconvulsive therapy clinics, private hospitals, adolescent units and UK members of the Royal College of Psychiatrists were surveyed to ask if they were aware of ECT being administered during 1996 to a young person under the age of 18 years. Consultants identified as having prescribed ECT were sent a follow-up questionnaire.ResultsTwelve young people were identified as having received ECT; three were aged 15 years or younger and eight were female. Nine patients were rated as improved following ECT. The indications for its use were similar to those for adults.ConclusionsElectroconvulsive therapy is rarely administered to young people in the UK.

scholarly journals Long-term outcomes of obsessive–compulsive disorder: follow-up of 142 children and adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Micali ◽  
I. Heyman ◽  
M. Perez ◽  
K. Hilton ◽  
E. Nakatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Persistence Rates

BackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) often starts in childhood and adolescence and can be a chronic disorder with high persistence rates. There are few prospective long-term follow-up studies.AimsTo follow up young people with OCD to clarify persistence rates and relevant predictors, presence of other psychiatric disorders, functional impairment, service utilisation and perceived treatment needs.MethodAll young people with OCD assessed over 9 years at the National and Specialist Paediatric OCD clinic, Maudsley Hospital, London, were included. Sixty-one per cent (142 of 222) of all contactable young people and parents completed computerised diagnostic interviews and questionnaires.ResultsWe found a persistence rate of OCD of 41%; 40% of participants had a psychiatric diagnosis other than OCD at follow-up. The main predictor for persistent OCD was duration of illness at assessment. High levels of baseline psychopathology predicted other psychiatric disorders at follow-up. Functional impairment and quality of life were mildly to moderately affected. Approximately 50% of participants were still receiving treatment and about 50% felt a need for further treatment.ConclusionsThis study confirms that paediatric OCD can be a chronic condition that persists into adulthood. Early recognition and treatment might prevent chronicity. Important challenges for services are ensuring adequate treatment and a smooth transition from child to adult services.

Las Ingenierías en el Centro Universitario de los Lagos-U DE G: La realidad en números

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ortega-Pérez ◽  
Gerardo Morales-Pérez ◽  
Lorenzo Salgado-García ◽  
Luz del Carmen Moran-Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Evaluation Criterion ◽  
Youth Program ◽  
The Future

Each six-year period raises public policies focused on addressing different aspects in societies, such is the case of young people denominated “nini” (neither studies nor works), term make up to characterize a segment of the population in that situation, INEGI* (National Institute of Statistic and Geography) reported in 2017, approximately 3.9 million young people in this condition according to studies carried out by this institute; in the effort to insert young people into the labor market, the current government starts the program called “Young people building the future of Mexico” that aims to bring young people closer to the company, so analyze the implementation of the youth program building the future of Mexico from the perspective of the employer and its environment, it will allow to understand the actors that take part from the reception of the young person, their follow-up and culmination of the program to later formulate an evaluation criterion that allows the hiring of the young person in the company.

Views of independence and readiness for employment amongst young people with visual impairment in the UK

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Douglas ◽  
Rachel Hewett
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Expanded Core Curriculum ◽  
The Uk

There is concern that young people with visual impairment do not leave school adequately prepared for the workplace. Seventy young people from the UK with visual impairment (aged 16–19) took part in semi-structured interviews exploring how they define independence and how they predict they would deal with employment-based problems. Two overarching themes emerged: (1) how active/passive the young people felt they should be in solving problems (active–passive dimension), and (2) to whom (themselves or others) the young person attributed the responsibility for problems and solutions (internaliser–externaliser dimension). The results provide evidence of the importance of teaching young people disability-specific skills at school (an ‘expanded core curriculum’) which aims to maximise young people's independence while giving them a clear understanding of the accommodations to which they are entitled.

scholarly journals P312 Long-term follow-up of liver disease in children and young people with cystic fibrosis in the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. S145-S146
Author(s):  
L. Modin ◽  
C. Lloyd ◽  
I. van Mourik ◽  
M. Desai ◽  
D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Young People ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals A pragmatic randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of family therapy versus treatment as usual for young people seen after second or subsequent episodes of self-harm: the Self-Harm Intervention – Family Therapy (SHIFT) trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Cottrell ◽  
Alex Wright-Hughes ◽  
Michelle Collinson ◽  
Paula Boston ◽  
Ivan Eisler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Young People ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundSelf-harm in adolescents is common and repetition rates high. There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce self-harm.ObjectivesTo assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of family therapy (FT) compared with treatment as usual (TAU).DesignA pragmatic, multicentre, individually randomised controlled trial of FT compared with TAU. Participants and therapists were aware of treatment allocation; researchers were blind to allocation.SettingChild and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) across three English regions.ParticipantsYoung people aged 11–17 years who had self-harmed at least twice presenting to CAMHS following self-harm.InterventionsEight hundred and thirty-two participants were randomised to manualised FT delivered by trained and supervised family therapists (n = 415) or to usual care offered by local CAMHS following self-harm (n = 417).Main outcome measuresRates of repetition of self-harm leading to hospital attendance 18 months after randomisation.ResultsOut of 832 young people, 212 (26.6%) experienced a primary outcome event: 118 out of 415 (28.4%) randomised to FT and 103 out of 417 (24.7%) randomised to TAU. There was no evidence of a statistically significant difference in repetition rates between groups (the hazard ratio for FT compared with TAU was 1.14, 95% confidence interval 0.87 to 1.49;p = 0.3349). FT was not found to be cost-effective when compared with TAU in the base case and most sensitivity analyses. FT was dominated (less effective and more expensive) in the complete case. However, when young people’s and caregivers’ quality-adjusted life-year gains were combined, FT incurred higher costs and resulted in better health outcomes than TAU within the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence cost-effectiveness range. Significant interactions with treatment, indicating moderation, were detected for the unemotional subscale on the young person-reported Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits (p = 0.0104) and the affective involvement subscale on the caregiver-reported McMaster Family Assessment Device (p = 0.0338). Caregivers and young people in the FT arm reported a range of significantly better outcomes on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Self-reported suicidal ideation was significantly lower in the FT arm at 12 months but the same in both groups at 18 months. No significant unexpected adverse events or side effects were reported, with similar rates of expected adverse events across trial arms.ConclusionsFor adolescents referred to CAMHS after self-harm, who have self-harmed at least once before, FT confers no benefits over TAU in reducing self-harm repetition rates. There is some evidence to support the effectiveness of FT in reducing self-harm when caregivers reported poor family functioning. When the young person themselves reported difficulty expressing emotion, FT did not seem as effective as TAU. There was no evidence that FT is cost-effective when only the health benefits to participants were considered but there was a suggestion that FT may be cost-effective if health benefits to caregivers are taken into account. FT had a significant, positive impact on general emotional and behavioural problems at 12 and 18 months.LimitationsThere was significant loss to follow-up for secondary outcomes and health economic analyses; the primary outcome misses those who do not attend hospital following self-harm; and the numbers receiving formal FT in the TAU arm were higher than expected.Future workEvaluation of interventions targeted at subgroups of those who self-harm, longer-term follow-up and methods for evaluating health benefits for family groups rather than for individuals.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN59793150.FundingThis project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 22, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

scholarly journals Parents’ Experience and Psychoeducation Needs When Supporting a Young Person Who Self-Harms

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Krysinska ◽  
Sophie Curtis ◽  
Michelle Lamblin ◽  
Nina Stefanac ◽  
Kerry Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The Uk

Background: Self-harm in young people can have a substantial negative impact on the well-being and functioning of parents and other carers. The “Coping with Self-Harm” booklet was originally developed in the UK as a resource for parents and carers of young people who self-harm, and an adaptation study of this resource was conducted in Australia. This paper presents qualitative analysis of interviews with parents about their experiences and psychoeducational needs when supporting a young person who engages in self harm. Methods: The qualitative study drew on semi-structured individual and group interviews with parents (n = 19 participants) of young people who self-harm. Data were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Results: The analysis identified six themes: (1) the discovery of self-harm, (2) challenges in the parent-young person relationship, (3) parents’ need to understand self-harm, (4) parents’ emotional reactions to self-harm, (5) the importance of self-care and help-seeking among parents, and (6) the need for psychoeducational resources. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for support for parents and carers of young people who engage in self-harm, including development and adaptation of resources, such as the “Coping with Self-Harm” booklet, of which an Australian version has now been developed.

scholarly journals Youth justice back at the crossroads

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Creaney ◽  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Offender Rehabilitation ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a reflection on the current trajectory of youth justice policy. The paper offers fresh insight into the changing face of youth justice. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on a range of sources, including published journal articles and statistical evidence. In so doing it critically reviews relevant academic literature. Findings – Three critical insights arise from the review. First, there are promising approaches emerging in youth justice organised around the principle of avoiding formal processing of young people where possible; such as, for example, Triage, the Youth Restorative Disposal, Youth Justice Liaison and Diversion schemes, the Swansea Bureau and the Durham Pre-Reprimand Disposal. Thus there is evidence of an emerging consensus, across the domains of policy, practice and legislation which seem to endorse the idea of community-based minimum intervention, supported by principles of offender rehabilitation and restoration. Second, whilst they have not intruded to any great extent in the sphere of youth justice so far, there is no doubt that the government is keen to extend the remit of Payment by Results schemes. Perhaps most concerning is the issue with private sector organisations engaging in “gaming activities” where maximising profit becomes the intention over enhancing the well-being of the young person. Third, it is argued that in order to reconcile the lack of user-led engagement of offenders, and experiences of disempowerment, the priority should be, throughout the Youth Justice System, to involve young people in assessment and decision-making processes. Research limitations/implications – As an exploratory paper, it does not set out to provide a blueprint on “how” the issues outlined should be resolved. Rather, it provides a basis for further discussion, and highlights some examples of promising practice, particularly around the issues of offender engagement, participation and rights compliance. This is particularly important considering that the UK government will report to the United Nations this year (2014) on its progress in implementing and complying with the children's right agenda. Practical implications – The paper highlights the issues and ambiguities facing practitioners working within a payment by results framework which is contextualised by what appears to be a more liberal tone in public policy. It also explores the challenges delivering participatory approaches. Originality/value – The paper investigates a neglected area in youth justice, namely that of participatory approaches. It argues that, although there are resource pressures and time constraints, service user participatory techniques should be encouraged, particularly as they promote positive engagement and motivation, principally by offering a sense of control over choice.

scholarly journals A randomised feasibility trial of an intervention to support sharing of HIV status for 18–25-year olds living with perinatally acquired HIV compared with standard care: HIV Empowering Adults’ Decisions to Share—UK/Uganda Project (HEADS-UP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Evangeli ◽  
Caroline Foster ◽  
Victor Musiime ◽  
Sarah Fidler ◽  
Janet Seeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Perinatally Acquired ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (PAH) face several challenges, including adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART), managing the risk of onward HIV transmission and maintaining positive well-being. Sharing one’s HIV status with others (onward HIV disclosure) may assist with these challenges by facilitating emotional and practical support. Rates of HIV status sharing are, however, low in this population. There are no existing interventions focused on sharing one’s HIV status for young adults living with PAH. The HEADS-UP study is designed to develop and test the feasibility of an intervention to help the sharing of HIV status for young adults with PAH. Methods The study is a 30-month multi-site randomised feasibility study across both a high-income/low-HIV prevalence country (UK) and a low-income/high-HIV prevalence country (Uganda). Phase 1 (12 months) will involve developing the intervention using qualitative interviews with 20 young people living with PAH (ten in the UK—18 to 29 years; ten in Uganda—18 to 25 years), 20 of their social network (friends, family, sexual partners as defined by the young person; ten in the UK, ten in Uganda) and ten professionals with experience working with young adults with PAH (five in the UK, five in Uganda). Phase 2 (18 months) involves conducting a randomised feasibility parallel group trial of the intervention alongside current standard of care condition in each country (main study) with 18- to 25-year olds with PAH. A sample size of 94 participants per condition (intervention or standard of care; 188 participants in total: 47 in each condition in each country) with data at both the baseline and 6-month follow-up time points, across UK and Ugandan sites will be recruited. Participants in the intervention condition will also complete measures immediately post-intervention. Face-to-face interviews will be conducted with ten participants in both countries immediately post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up (sub-study). Discussion This study will be the first trial that we are aware of to address important gaps in understanding acceptable and feasible ways of delivering HIV status sharing support for young people living with PAH. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN31852047, Registered on 21 January, 2019. Study sponsor: Royal Holloway University of London. Sponsor contact: [email protected]. Date and version: April 2020. Protocol version 3.5.

scholarly journals AB0681 HOW COMMON IS COVID-19 IN CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES? RESULTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COVID-19 EUROPEAN PATIENT REGISTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1373.2-1374
Author(s):  
S. Shoop-Worrall ◽  
S. Verstappen ◽  
W. Costello ◽  
S. Angevare ◽  
Y. Uziel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rheumatic Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Patient Registry ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk

Background:People with rheumatic diseases may be at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 due to their rheumatic disease or immunosuppressive treatments. It is currently unclear what the COVID-19 disease burden is for these people and whether any of their personal or disease characteristics are associated with contracting COVID-19.Objectives:To explore the proportion of, and characteristics associated with, contracting COVID-19 in children and young people (CYP) with rheumatic diseases and adults with rheumatic diseases from March 2020 to December 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:CYP and adults recruited to the international COVID-19 European Patient Registry, a parent-led, online, self-referred prospective cohort recruiting participants from around the globe, were included in current study if enrolled between 20th March 2020 and 30th December 2020. Demographic information was collected at enrolment and rheumatic disease, diagnoses of COVID-19 and lifestyle factors were collected at weekly intervals.The proportion of CYP and adults diagnosed with COVID-19 were assessed separately. Associations between contraction of COVID-19 at any point over follow-up and participant demographics, rheumatic disease and lifestyle factors at enrolment were assessed descriptively and via Mann-Whitney U-tests, Chi-squared tests and Fisher’s exact tests.Results:Within 642 CYP and 3646 adults, the majority were female (67%, 89%) and most commonly from the UK (43%, 82%), respectively. The most frequent diagnoses were polyarticular JIA (37%) in the CYP cohort and RA in the adults (63%). Comorbidities were common (45%, 61%) and the majority were taking one or more immunosuppressive therapies (88%, 92%), respectively. At the time of enrolment, 51% and 54% were practising social distancing, respectively.In both cohorts ~3% contracted COVID-19 at some point during follow-up (n=18 (2.8%) in CYP and n=103 (2.8%) in the adult cohort).In CYP, those who contracted COVID-19 were older (no COVID, median: 10, IQR: 7, 13, vs COVID, median: 14, IQR: 12, 16, p<0.001) and less often had oligoarticular JIA (no COVID: 31%, COVID: 22%) or polyarticular JIA (No COVID: 38%, COVID: 11%). Systemic JIA (no COVID: 7%, COVID: 11%) and enthesitis-related JIA (no COVID: 5%, COVID: 22%) were more common in those who contracted COVID. No other differences between those with and without COVID-19 were observed with respect to country of residence (p=0.335), gender (p=0.624), control of rheumatic disease (p=0.459), comorbidities (p=0.752), immunosuppressive medication (p=0.713) or social distancing (p=0.729).In the adult cohort, those contracting COVID-19 were more commonly from Russia (no COVID: 2%, COVID: 14%) and less commonly from the UK (no COVID: 82%, COVID: 71%, p<0.001). There was greater female representation in those that contracted COVID-19 (no COVID: 88%, COVID: 93%, p=0.022). Although there were no differences in overall presence of comorbidity (p=0.923), kidney disease was overrepresented in those that had contracted COVID-19 (no COVID: 2%, COVID: 8%, p<0.001). Finally, there were lower levels of social distancing in those who contracted COVID (no COVID: 54%, COVID: 44%, p=0.047). There were no significant differences in age (p=0.203), BMI (p=0.617), smoking status (p=0.120), rheumatic disease (p=0.181) and its control (p=0.218) or immunosuppressive use (p=0.208) between those who did and did not contract COVID-19 in the adult cohort.Conclusion:A low proportion of CYP and adults with rheumatic diseases contracted COVID-19 in the 9 months since March 2020. However, given the self-reported nature of the survey and limited testing available across many countries, this study may underestimate the true burden of COVID-19 in the rheumatic disease community. Factors associated with COVID-19 differ between CYP and adults, with age and type of rheumatic disease associated in CYP and gender, kidney comorbidity and social distancing associated in adults.Acknowledgements:The authors thank all of the participants and families involved in the international COVID-19 European Patient Registry, as well as administrators. We also thank the team of volunteers who helped translate the surveys. We also thank ENCA, PRES and representatives from the international rheumatology community for their expertise and support.Disclosure of Interests:Stephanie Shoop-Worrall: None declared, Suzanne Verstappen: None declared, Wendy Costello: None declared, Saskya Angevare: None declared, Yosef Uziel: None declared, Carine Wouters: None declared, Nico Wulffraat Speakers bureau: Sobi, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Richard Beesley: None declared

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