Risk factors for suicide independent of DSM–III–R Axis I disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Foster ◽  
Kate Gillespie ◽  
Roy McLelland ◽  
Chris Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

BackgroundThe vast majority of suicides suffer from at least one mental disorder at the time of death.AimsTo identify risk factors for suicide, particularly those independent of current DSM–III–R Axis I disorder(s)MethodA case–control psychological autopsy study comparing suicides with matched community controls.ResultsIndependent risk factors for suicide included: Axis II (personality) disorder (particularly antisocial, avoidant and dependent); at least one of 12 life events (from the List of Threatening Experiences) during the previous 52 or 4 weeks (in particular, a ‘serious problem with close friend, neighbour or relative’); current unemployment; previous history of deliberate self-harm; and contact with a GP within 26 weeks. Relative to individuals with no current mental disorder, the estimated risk of suicide in those with Axis I–Axis II comorbidity (OR 346.0) was significantly greater than that in those with Axis I disorder(s) only (OR 52.4)ConclusionsSuicide risk assessment may be enhanced by enquiry about the aforementioned independent risk factors, and attention to Axis I–Axis II comorbidity.

Mental disorders and suicide in Northern Ireland

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Foster ◽  
Kate Gillespie ◽  
Roy McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Current Axis ◽  
Axis I ◽  
A Current

BackgroundThe aim of this part of the Northern Ireland Suicide Study was to investigate the prevalence of DSM - III - R axis I (clinical syndrome) and axis II (personality) disorders among suicides (14 years and older) in Northern Ireland during a one-year period.MethodA psychological autopsy study based on a variety of documentary sources and interviews with bereaved informants and health care professionals.ResultsNinety per cent of suicides (106/118) had a current axis I and/or an axis II mental disorder. At least one current axis I disorder was diagnosed in 86% of suicides (102/118), and at least one axis II disorder was diagnosed in 44% (52/118). Suicides under 30 years (92% male) were less likely to have a current axis I disorder (68%; 26/38) than those 30 years and older (95%; 76/80). Psychiatric comorbidity was present in 55% of suicides (65/118). The time between the last contact with a health care professional and death was greater among suicides under 30 years and male suicides.ConclusionsNotwithstanding the aetiological complexity of suicide, the prevention, recognition and treatment of mental disorder will continue to play key roles in suicide prevention.

Risk factors for suicide in China: a national case-control psychological autopsy study

The Lancet ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 360 (9347) ◽  
pp. 1728-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R Phillips ◽  
Gonghuan Yang ◽  
Yanping Zhang ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Huiyu Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

scholarly journals Psychological autopsy study comparing suicide decedents, suicide ideators, and propensity score matched controls: results from the study to assess risk and resilience in service members (Army STARRS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (15) ◽  
pp. 2663-2674 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Nock ◽  
C. L. Dempsey ◽  
P. A. Aliaga ◽  
D. A. Brent ◽  
S. G. Heeringa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Suicide Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

BackgroundThe suicide rate has increased significantly among US Army soldiers over the past decade. Here we report the first results from a large psychological autopsy study using two control groups designed to reveal risk factors for suicide death among soldiers beyond known sociodemographic factors and the presence of suicide ideation.MethodsInformants were next-of-kin and Army supervisors for: 135 suicide cases, 137 control soldiers propensity-score-matched on known sociodemographic risk factors for suicide and Army history variables, and 118 control soldiers who reported suicide ideation in the past year.ResultsResults revealed that most (79.3%) soldiers who died by suicide have a prior mental disorder; mental disorders in the prior 30-days were especially strong risk factors for suicide death. Approximately half of suicide decedents tell someone that they are considering suicide. Virtually all of the risk factors identified in this study differed between suicide cases and propensity-score-matched controls, but did not significantly differ between suicide cases and suicide ideators. The most striking difference between suicides and ideators was the presence in the former of an internalizing disorder (especially depression) and multi-morbidity (i.e. 3+ disorders) in the past 30 days.ConclusionsMost soldiers who die by suicide have identifiable mental disorders shortly before their death and tell others about their suicidal thinking, suggesting that there are opportunities for prevention and intervention. However, few risk factors distinguish between suicide ideators and decedents, pointing to an important direction for future research.

scholarly journals Risk factors for suicide in Bali: a psychological autopsy study

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽  
Motoichiro Kato ◽  
Robert Reverger ◽  
I Gusti Rai Tirta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

scholarly journals Psychological autopsy study and risk factors for suicide in Muslim countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Yasir Arafat ◽  
Murad M. Khan ◽  
Vikas Menon ◽  
Syeda Ayat‐e‐Zainab Ali ◽  
Mohsen Rezaeian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

scholarly journals Risk factors for suicide in Bangladesh: case–control psychological autopsy study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Yasir Arafat ◽  
M. A. Mohit ◽  
Mohammad S. I. Mullick ◽  
Russell Kabir ◽  
Murad M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

Background Suicide is an important, understudied public health problem in Bangladesh, where risk factors for suicide have not been investigated by case–control psychological autopsy study. Aims To identify the major risk factors for suicide in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods We designed a matched case–control psychological autopsy study. We conducted a semi-structured interview with the next-of-kin of 100 individuals who died by suicide and 100 living controls, matched for age, gender and area of residence. The study was conducted from July 2019 to July 2020. Results The odds ratios for the risk factors were 15.33 (95% CI, 4.76–49.30) for the presence of a psychiatric disorder, 17.75 (95% CI, 6.48–48.59) for life events, 65.28 (95% CI, 0.75–5644.48) for previous attempts and 12 (95% CI, 1.56–92.29) for sexual abuse. Conclusions The presence of a psychiatric disorder, immediate life events, previous suicidal attempts and sexual abuse were found as significant risk factors for suicide in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Being left-behind, mental disorder, and elderly suicide in rural China: a case–control psychological autopsy study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Guojun Wang ◽  
Cunxian Jia ◽  
Zhenyu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Elderly Suicide

AbstractBackgroundSuicide rate among rural elderly is the highest among all age groups in China, yet little is known about the suicide risks in this rapidly growing vulnerable population.MethodsThis matched case–control psychological autopsy study was conducted during June 2014 to September 2015. Consecutive samples of suicides aged 60 or above were identified in three provinces (Shandong, Hunan, and Guangxi) in China. Living comparisons were 1:1 matched with the suicides in age (±3 years old), gender, and living location. Risk factors included demographic characteristics, being left-behind, mental disorder, depressive symptoms, stressful life events, and social support.ResultsA total of 242 suicides and 242 comparisons were enrolled: 135 (55.8%) were male, mean (s.d.) age was 74 (8) years. The most frequently used suicide means were pesticides (125, 51.7%) and hanging (95, 39.3%). Independent risks of suicide included unstable marital status [odds ratio (OR) 4.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61–10.92], unemployed (compared with employed, OR 4.43, 95% CI 1.09–17.95), depressive symptoms (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21–1.48), and mental disorder (OR 6.28, 95% CI 1.75–22.54). Structural equation model indicated that the association between being left-behind and suicide was mediated by mental disorder, depressive symptoms, stressful life events, and social support.ConclusionsUnstable marital status, unemployed, depressive symptoms, and mental disorder are independent risk factors for suicide in rural elderly. Being left-behind can elevate the suicide risk through increasing life stresses, depressive symptoms, mental disorder, and decreasing social support. Elderly suicide may be prevented by restricting pesticides, training rural physicians, treating mental disorders, mitigating life stress, and enhancing social connection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document