Predictive power and construct validity of the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) scale

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coby Gerlsma ◽  
William W. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Interpersonal Processes ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
And Coping ◽  
General Community

BackgroundThe Level of Expressed Emotion scale (LEE) is a questionnaire designed to measure the perception of expressed emotion, an important predictor of the course of several psychiatric disorders.MethodIn this study, the scales predictive and construct validity were examined in a sample of 26 clinically depressed out-patients and their partners, and in a sample of 40 couples from the general communityResultsIn the sample of depressed out-patients, the LEE was predictive of depression improvement at six-month follow-up. With regard to the construct validity, results in both samples showed quite strong relationships between the LEE and depressive symptomatology, relational dissatisfaction, and coping styles.ConclusionsThe LEE may be a useful tool in the study of interpersonal processes and depression, both in clinical and research settings.

The role of psychological factors in bipolar disorder: prospective relationships between cognitive style, coping style and symptom expression

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Fletcher ◽  
Gordon Parker ◽  
Vijaya Manicavasagar
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Mood Symptoms ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
And Coping

ObjectivePsychological factors contribute to bipolar disorder illness course, representing targets for psychological intervention. Research to date has focused on bipolar I disorder, extrapolating results to bipolar II disorder. The current study addresses this discrepancy by exploring cognitive and coping styles in patients diagnosed with bipolar I or II disorder.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the Sydney-based Black Dog Institute. Diagnoses were derived via the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Baseline cognitive and coping style measures were completed, and mood symptoms assessed over a 6-month period. Clinician-rated mood status was assessed at follow-up to determine the predictive utility of cognitive and coping styles.ResultsThe follow-up sample comprised 151 participants. Differential relationships between cognitive style, coping styles and mood symptoms emerged across the bipolar sub-types. Some key differences were that a broader set of negative cognitive styles were associated with bipolar II depression symptoms; while few relationships were observed between coping styles and bipolar II symptoms.ConclusionDifferences in cognitive and coping style relationships with symptom expression across bipolar I and II disorder may provide clinicians with fruitful guides for directing treatment interventions when relevant maladaptive styles are observed. Further exploration of differences in cognitive and coping styles in bipolar I and II disorder is warranted.

Daughters of People with Dementia Expressed Emotion, Strain and Coping

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Bledin ◽  
B. Maccarthy ◽  
L. Kuipers ◽  
R. T. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Continuing Care ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
And Coping

Twenty-five women who were the primary carers for a parent with dementia were rated for expressed emotion (EE) and then divided into two groups: 11 with low-EE ratings and 14 with high-EE ratings. Although there were no differences between these groups in the levels of their parents' cognitive impairment, when such impairment was taken into account, high-EE subjects were found to report higher levels of strain and distress. More efficient coping strategies were reported by subjects who made fewer critical comments and more positive remarks. High-EE subjects more frequently had no living siblings, and were more likely to have had a respite break from caring. EE status was not associated with continuing care in the community at a nine-month follow-up.

An Analysis of the Stress Sources and Coping Styles of the Students Majoring in Pre-school Education in Higher Vocational Colleges

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 4375-4383
Author(s):  
Dongliang Liang ◽  
Xionglin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Coping Styles ◽  
School Education ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Pressure Source ◽  
School Students ◽  
Work Control ◽  
Higher Vocational College ◽  
And Coping

Objectives: Internship is an effective transition for students to enter society and work posts. Through internship, students can be helped to understand their own shortcomings, recognize the forthcoming workplace environment, and make timely preparations. Methods: To strengthen the follow-up inspection and supervision of the internship process, and increase the investment in the internship funds, effectively improve the level of internship guidance. Results: Through a questionnaire survey of pre-school education students in a higher vocational college, the problems of pre-school education students in the process of practice are sorted out and analyzed. The research shows that the pre-school students in vocational education are the research subjects and explore the source of stress in practice. Conclusion: The research shows that the stressors and internship pressure of pre-school teachers are controlled by the work control experience; the interaction pressure source and work control experience have significant interactions in the practice pressure. Students should be prepared for the internship, actively reserve the theoretical knowledge needed, and develop a clear career plan. Successfully completed the internship teaching session.

Coping strategies in relatives of people with schizophrenia before and after psychiatric admission

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Scazufca ◽  
Elizabeth Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coping Model ◽  
And Coping

BackgroundMost research on expressed emotion (EE) has used an empirical approach to describe relatives' ways of coping with people with schizophrenia.AimsTo use the stress and coping model proposed by Lazarus and Folkman to examine how relatives coped with patients.MethodPatients with DSM–III–R schizophrenia and their relatives were assessed just after hospitalisation of the patients and nine months after discharge. Both assessments included the symptoms of the patients and the coping strategies, burden, distress and levels of EE of the relatives.ResultsFifty patients and 50 relatives were assessed at inclusion, and 31 patients and 36 relatives at follow-up. Coping strategies were used more frequently at inclusion than at follow-up. Problem-focused coping was the strategy used more often at both assessments. Avoidance coping was strongly associated with burden, distress and high EE at both assessments.ConclusionsWays of coping are influenced by relatives' perceptions of the situation with patients. Avoidance strategies seem to be less effective in regulating the distress of care-givers than problem-focused strategies.

Coping Style and Depressive Symptomatology during Pregnancy in a Private Setting Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Faisal-Cury ◽  
Mariangela Gentil Savoia ◽  
Paulo Rossi Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Past History ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ways Of Coping Questionnaire ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Social Demographic

Aim:to evaluate the association of antenatal depressive symptomatology (AD) with life events and coping styles, the hypothesis was that certain coping strategies are associated to depressive symptomatology.Methods:we performed a cross sectional study of 312 women attending a private clinic in the city of Osasco, São Paulo from 27/05/1998 to 13/05/2002. The following instruments were used: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Holmes and Rahe Schedule of Recent Events (SSRS), Folkman and Lazarus Ways of Coping Questionnaire and questionnaire with social-demographic and obstetric data. Inclusion criteria: women with no past history of depression, psychiatric treatment, alcohol or drug abuse and no clinical-obstetrical complications. Odds ratios and 95% CI were used to examine the association between AD (according to BDI) and exposures variables. Hypothesis testing was done with X2 tests and a p value < .05.Results:AD occurred in 21.1% of pregnant women. By the univariate analyses, education, number of pregnancies, previous abortion, husband income, situation of marriage and score of SSRS were associated with AD. All coping styles were associated with AD, except seeking support and positive reappraisal. By the multivariate analyses, four coping styles were kept in the final model: confront (p = .039), accepting responsibility (p < .001), escape-avoidance (p = .002), problem-solving (p = .005).Conclusions:AD was highly prevalent and was associated with maladaptive coping styles.

Are Individuals in Rorschach Nonpatient Samples Truly Psychologically Healthy?

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Rosso ◽  
Andrea Camoirano ◽  
Gabriele Schiaffino
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Form ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Rorschach Comprehensive System ◽  
Form Quality ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Rorschach Variables

Abstract. The aim of this study was to collect a Rorschach Comprehensive System (RCS) adult nonpatient sample from Italy using more stringent exclusion criteria and controlling for psychopathology, taking into account the methodological suggestions of Ritzler and Sciara (2008) . The authors hypothesized that: (a) adult nonpatient samples are not truly psychologically healthy, in that a high number of psychopathological symptoms are experienced by participants, particularly anxiety and depression, although they have never been in psychological treatment; (b) significant differences emerge between healthy and nonhealthy groups on Rorschach variables, particularly on CS psychopathological indexes; (c) RCS psychopathological indexes are significantly correlated in the expected direction with scores on psychopathological scales. The results confirmed the hypotheses, indicating the need to collect psychologically healthy samples in addition to normative and nonpatient samples. Because differences were found in the comparison between Exner’s sample (2007) and the healthy group in this study regarding form quality and coping styles, the authors suggest that future research should investigate the construct validity of ambitent style and culturally specific influences on form quality. Moreover, the Rorschach scientific community needs to have more extensive form quality tables, enriched with objects that are currently not included.

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