Age at Onset, Sex, and Familial Psychiatric Morbidity in Schizophrenia

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pak Chung Sham ◽  
Peter Jones ◽  
Ailsa Russell ◽  
Karyna Gilvarry ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Functional Psychosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Research Diagnostic Criteria

BackgroundAlthough a genetic component in schizophrenia is well established, it is likely that the contribution of genetic factors is not constant for all cases. Several recent studies have found that the relatives of female or early onset schizophrenic patients have an increased risk of schizophrenia, compared to relatives of male or late onset cases. These hypotheses are tested in the current study.MethodA family study design was employed; the probands were 195 patients with functional psychosis admitted to three south London hospitals, diagnosed using Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), and assessed using the Present State Examination (PSE). Information on their relatives was obtained by personal interview of the mother of the proband, and from medical records. Psychiatric diagnoses were made using Family History – Research Diagnostic Criteria (FH-RDC), blind to proband information.ResultsThere was a tendency for homotypia in the form of psychosis within families. The lifetime risk of schizophrenia in the first degree relatives of schizophrenic probands, and the risk of bipolar disorder in the first degree relatives of bipolar probands, were 5–10 times higher than reported population risks. Relatives of female and early onset (<22 years) schizophrenic probands had higher risk of schizophrenia than relatives of male and late onset schizophrenic probands. However, this effect was compensated in part by an excess of non-schizophrenic psychoses in the relatives of male probands.ConclusionsThese results suggest a high familial, possibly genetic, loading in female and early onset schizophrenia, but do not resolve the question of heterogeneity within schizophrenia.

A controlled family study of late-onset non-affective psychosis (late paraphrenia)

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Howard ◽  
C. Graham ◽  
P. Sham ◽  
J. Dennehey ◽  
D. J. Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between those schizophrenia-like conditions that have their onset in late life and early-onset schizophrenia is unclear. Very few family history studies of patients with late-onset psychosis have been reported, and it is not known whether their relatives have an increased risk of psychosis.MethodInformation was collected on the psychiatric morbidity of 269 first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia or delusional disorder with an onset after the age of 60 (late paraphrenia), and 272 first-degree relatives of healthy elderly control subjects, using a research diagnostic instrument.ResultsWith a narrow age range (15–50 years) at risk, the estimated lifetime risk of schizophrenia was 1.3% in the relatives of both cases and controls. With a wider age range (15–90 years) at risk, estimated lifetime risk of schizophrenia was 2.3% for the relatives of cases, and 2.2% for the relatives of controls. However, depression was significantly more common among the relatives of cases than controls.ConclusionThose schizophrenia-like psychoses with onset in late life are not genetically associated with schizophrenia.

Novel Rare SORL1 Variants in Early-Onset Dementia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anita Korpioja ◽  
Johanna Krüger ◽  
Susanna Koivuluoma ◽  
Katri Pylkäs ◽  
Virpi Moilanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Early Onset Dementia ◽  
Missense Variants ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Rare variants of SORL1 have been associated with an increased risk of early-onset or late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, a lot remains to be clarified about their significance in the pathogenesis of the disease. Objective: To evaluate the role of SORL1 variants among Finnish patients with early-onset AD (EOAD). Methods: The rare SORL1variants were screened in a cohort of 115 Finnish EOAD patients (mean age at onset 58.3 years, range 46–65 years) by using the whole-exome sequencing. Results: We found one novel nonsense variant (p.Gln290 *) and eight missense variants in SORL1. This is the first study reporting the SORL1 variants p.Lys80Arg, p.Ala789Val and p.Arg866Gln in EOAD patients. Furthermore, two of these three missense variants were overrepresented in EOAD patients compared to gnomAD non-neuro Finnish samples. Conclusion: This study strengthens the earlier findings, that the rare variants in SORL1 are associated with EOAD.

Gender and Schizophrenia: Association of Age at Onset with Antecedent, Clinical and Outcome Features

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oye Gureje ◽  
Rotimi W. Bamidele
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Clear Method ◽  
Illness Outcome

Objective: There is evidence that gender and age at onset may have a bearing on schizophrenia. The extent to which this differential age at onset influences the clinical features of schizophrenia and its outcome in males and females is not clear. Method: One hundred and twenty outpatients with DSM-III-R schizophrenia were studied to determine the association of antecedent, historical, clinical and 13–year outcome features with age at onset in females (n = 64) and in males (n = 56). Results: Males were significantly younger at illness onset but were not otherwise different from females in antecedent features of illness. For males, age at onset bore little relationship to outcome after 13 years. Females with early onset of illness were more likely to have experienced obstetric complications, to evidence poorer premor-bid functioning, and to have a worse clinical, social and functional outcome than females with late onset. Conclusions: Even though females may have a more benign illness than males, among females, those with early age at onset may be characterised by neurodevel-opmental deviance and worse illness outcome.

Early and Late Onset Bipolar Disorders in Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S211-S211
Author(s):  
N. Smaoui ◽  
L. Zouari ◽  
N. Charfi ◽  
M. Maâlej-Bouali ◽  
N. Zouari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bipolar Patients

IntroductionAge of onset of illness may be useful in explaining the heterogeneity among older bipolar patients.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship of age of onset with clinical, demographic and behavioral variables, in older patients with bipolar disorder.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, including 24 patients suffering from bipolar disorders, aged 65 years or more and followed-up in outpatient psychiatry unit at Hedi Chaker university hospital in Sfax in Tunisia. We used a standardized questionnaire including socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical data. Age of onset was split at age 40 years into early-onset (< 40 years; n = 12) and late-onset (≥ 40 years; n = 12) groups.ResultsThe mean age for the entire sample was 68.95 years. The mean age of onset was 39.95 years. The majority (60%) of patients were diagnosed with bipolar I. Few meaningful differences emerged between early-onset and late-onset groups, except that tobacco use was significantly higher in the late-onset group (66.6% vs. 16.6%; P = 0.027). No significant differences between the early-onset and late-onset groups were seen on demographic variables, family history and number of medical diagnoses or presence of psychotic features.ConclusionOur study found few meaningful behavioral differences between early versus late age at onset in older adults with bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Is asthma associated with COVID-19 infection? A UK Biobank analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 00309-2021
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Lodge ◽  
Alice Doherty ◽  
Dinh Bui ◽  
Raisa Cassim ◽  
Adrian J. Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Asthma Medication ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related

BackgroundThe relationship between asthma and COVID-19 risk is not clear and may be influenced by level of airway obstruction, asthma medication, and known COVID risk factors. We aimed to investigate COVID-19 risk in people with asthma.MethodsWe used UK Biobank data from all participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 (n=107 412 (17 979 test positive)). Baseline questions at baseline defined ever asthma and asthma medications. Baseline Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1) was categorized into quartiles. Logistic regression modelled relationships between asthma, and asthma categories (age at onset, medications, FEV1 quartiles), and risk of SARS-CoV-2 positive test. We investigated modification by sex, ethnic group, smoking, and BMI.ResultsThere was a reduced risk of a positive test associated with with early-onset asthma (<13 years), (OR 0.91(95% CI 0.84, 0.99). This was found for early-onset asthmatics in males (OR 0·87 [95% CI: 0·78, 0·98]), non-smokers (0·87 [0·78, 0·98]), overweight/obese (0.85 [0.77, 0.93]), and non-Black participants (0·90 [0·82, 0.98]). There was increased risk amongst early onset asthmatics in the highest compared to lowest quartile of lung function (1.44 [1.05, 1.72]).ConclusionAmongst males, non-smokers, overweight/obese, and non-Black participants, having early-onset asthma was associated with lower risk of a SARS-CoV-2 positive test. We found no evidence of a protective effect from asthma medication. Early-onset asthmatics of normal weight and with better lung function may have lifestyle differences placing them at higher risk. Further research is needed to elucidate the contribution of asthma pathophysiology and different health-related behaviour, across population groups, to the observed risks.

The Evolution of Dementia in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease: Neuropsychological and Clinical Evidence in Support of Subtypes

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne G. J. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Drug Study ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Onset Group ◽  
Early Onset Group

One hundred and seven newly diagnosed, untreated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were divided into two groups according to their age at reported onset of symptoms. Of these, 79 patients were under age 70 (early-onset) and 28 patients were age 70 and over (late-onset). The group of 50 control subjects comprised spouses, friends of the PD patients, and community volunteers. The patients were participants in a multicenter drug study of Parkinson's disease. Each had received a detailed neurological and neuropsychological assessment in the baseline placebo phases of the study. Thirty-4 patients with early-onset and 12 patients with late-onset were reassessed 3 years after treatment with low-dose levodopa, with bromocriptine, or with a combination of the two drugs. The results of the baseline phase of the study revealed that 8% of the early-onset group and 32% of the late-onset group were classified as demented. The 3-year follow-up revealed that the prevalence of dementia had increased to 17% in the early-onset group and to 83% in the late-onset group. This study confirms that at least two distinct subtypes of Parkinson's disease exist. The subtypes differ both clinically and neuropsychologically. The age at onset of symptoms is a critical determinant of the rate and type of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease.

scholarly journals Clinical and therapeutic features of myasthenia gravis in adults based on age at onset

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. e1171-e1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cortés-Vicente ◽  
Rodrigo Álvarez-Velasco ◽  
Sonia Segovia ◽  
Carmen Paradas ◽  
Carlos Casasnovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Onset Group ◽  
Anti Acetylcholine

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of patients with very-late-onset myasthenia gravis (MG).MethodsThis observational cross-sectional multicenter study was based on information in the neurologist-driven Spanish Registry of Neuromuscular Diseases (NMD-ES). All patients were >18 years of age at onset of MG and onset occurred between 2000 and 2016 in all cases. Patients were classified into 3 age subgroups: early-onset MG (age at onset <50 years), late-onset MG (onset ≥50 and <65 years), and very-late-onset MG (onset ≥65 years). Demographic, immunologic, clinical, and therapeutic data were reviewed.ResultsA total of 939 patients from 15 hospitals were included: 288 (30.7%) had early-onset MG, 227 (24.2%) late-onset MG, and 424 (45.2%) very-late-onset MG. The mean follow-up was 9.1 years (SD 4.3). Patients with late onset and very late onset were more frequently men (p < 0.0001). Compared to the early-onset and late-onset groups, in the very-late-onset group, the presence of anti–acetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) antibodies (p < 0.0001) was higher and fewer patients had thymoma (p < 0.0001). Late-onset MG and very-late-onset MG groups more frequently had ocular MG, both at onset (<0.0001) and at maximal worsening (p = 0.001). Although the very-late-onset group presented more life-threatening events (Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America IVB and V) at onset (p = 0.002), they required fewer drugs (p < 0.0001) and were less frequently drug-refractory (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsPatients with MG are primarily ≥65 years of age with anti-AChR antibodies and no thymoma. Although patients with very-late-onset MG may present life-threatening events at onset, they achieve a good outcome with fewer immunosuppressants when diagnosed and treated properly.

scholarly journals Atrial Fibrillation Increases the Risk of Early-Onset Dementia in the General Population: Data from a Population-Based Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3665
Author(s):  
Dongmin Kim ◽  
Pil-Sung Yang ◽  
Gregory Y.H. Lip ◽  
Boyoung Joung
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Onset Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Late Onset Dementia

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered a risk factor for dementia, especially in the elderly. However, the association between the two diseases is not well identified in different age subgroups. The association of incident AF with the development of dementia was assessed from 1 January 2005, to 31 December 2013, in 428,262 participants from a longitudinal cohort (the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort). In total, 10,983 participants were diagnosed with incident AF during the follow-up period. The incidence of dementia was 11.3 and 3.0 per 1000 person-years in the incident-AF and without-AF groups, respectively. After adjustment for clinical variables, the risk of dementia was significantly elevated by incident AF, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.80–2.17, p < 0.001), even after censoring for stroke (HR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.55–1.94, p < 0.001). The HRs of incident AF for dementia onset before the age of 65 (early-onset dementia) and for onset after the age of 65 (late-onset dementia) were 2.91 (95% CI: 1.93–4.41) and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.49–1.87), respectively. Younger participants with AF were more prone to dementia development than older participants with AF (p for trend < 0.001). AF was associated with an increased risk of both early- and late-onset dementia, independent of clinical stroke.

Types of Depressive Illness

1972 ◽  
Vol 120 (556) ◽  
pp. 265-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Winokur
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Familial Predisposition ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
First Degree Relatives

A major problem in the affective disorders is what constitutes an homogeneous illness. A recent study enabled us to separate depressive illnesses into two types (1). The first we have called ‘depression spectrum disease’; its prototype is a female with an onset of a depressive illness before the age of 40, in whose family more depression is seen in female relatives than in male relatives, the deficit in males being made up by alcoholism and sociopathy. The second illness we have called ‘pure depressive disease’, the prototype of which is a male whose depression starts after age 40 and in whom there are equal amounts of depression in both male and female relatives and no large amount of alcoholism or sociopathy in the males. First degree relatives of depression spectrum disease are more likely to be psychiatrically ill (depression, sociopathy or alcoholism) than first degree relatives of pure depressive disease probands. Data of Hopkinson and Ley support this concept in part (2); they found that early-onset affective probands (< 40) had higher morbid risks for affective illness in relatives than late-onset probands (onset after 40). Further confirmation comes from a study of 259 alcoholics and their first degree relatives (3). Most of the psychiatrically ill male relatives had alcoholism; most of the psychiatrically ill female relatives had depression. As of the present the differentiation of the two kinds of depressive illness is made on the basis of a specific familial predisposition. Major clinical differences in the two groups have eluded us.

scholarly journals Interaction between asthma and smoking increases the risk of adult airway obstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Aanerud ◽  
Anne-Elie Carsin ◽  
Jordi Sunyer ◽  
Julia Dratva ◽  
Thorarinn Gislason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Never Smokers

The aim of the present study was to analyse the interaction between asthma and smoking in the risk of adult airway obstruction, accounting for atopy.In the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, 15 668 persons aged 20–56 years underwent spirometry in 1991–1993 and 9 years later (n=8916). Risk of airway obstruction and lung function decline associated with smoking and early-onset (<10 years of age) and late-onset (>10 years of age) asthma were analysed with generalised estimating equation models and random-effect linear models, adjusting for covariates. Interaction of asthma with smoking was expressed as relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI).A 20-fold increase in adult airway obstruction was found among those with early-onset asthma independently of smoking status (never-smokers: OR 21.0, 95% CI 12.7–35; current smokers: OR 23.7, 95% CI 13.9–40.6). Late-onset asthma was associated with airway obstruction, with a stronger association among current smokers (OR 25.6, 95% CI 15.6–41.9) than among never-smokers (OR 11.2, 95% CI 6.8–18.6) (RERI 12.02, 95% CI 1.96–22.07). Stratifying by atopy, the association between smoking and asthma was most pronounced among nonatopics.Early- and late-onset asthma were associated with 10–20-fold increased risk of adult airway obstruction. Smoking increased the risk of adult airway obstruction in subjects with asthma onset after age 10 years. Investigation of measures potentially preventive of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development following asthma is urgently needed.

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