Evidence Against Maternal Influenza as a Risk Factor for Schizophrenia

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. C. J. Selten ◽  
J. P. J. Slaets
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Large Study ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Foetal Life ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trimester Exposure ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Maternal Influenza

We tested the hypothesis that second-trimester exposure to influenza is a risk factor for schizophrenia in the child. The dates of birth of Dutch schizophrenic in-patients were examined for any effect of the 1957 A2 influenza epidemic. Individuals who were in their second trimester of foetal life at the peak of the epidemic were at no greater risk of developing schizophrenia than controls. As the present study has a larger sample size than all previous European studies, and is supported by a large study in the USA, it provides strong evidence against the hypothesis that second-trimester exposure to influenza is a risk factor for schizophrenia.

Second-trimester exposure to maternal stress is a possible risk factor for psychotic illness in the child

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Selten ◽  
R. van Duursen ◽  
Y. van der Graaf ◽  
C. Gispen-de Wied ◽  
R.S. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Trimester Exposure

Vasa previa: when antenatal diagnosis can change fetal prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Sutera ◽  
Anna Garofalo ◽  
Eleonora Pilloni ◽  
Silvia Parisi ◽  
Maria Grazia Alemanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Spontaneous Resolution ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Vasa Previa ◽  
Fetal Vessels

Abstract Objectives Evaluate ultrasound diagnostic accuracy, maternal−fetal characteristics and outcomes in case of vasa previa diagnosed antenatally, postnatally or with spontaneous resolution before delivery. Methods Monocentric retrospective study enrolling women with antenatal or postnatal diagnosis of vasa previa at Sant’Anna Hospital in Turin from 2007 to 2018. Vasa previa were defined as fetal vessels that lay 2 cm within the uterine internal os using 2D and Color Doppler transvaginal ultrasound. Diagnosis was confirmed at delivery and on histopathological exam. Vasa previa with spontaneous resolutions were defined as fetal vessels that migrate >2 cm from uterine internal os during scheduled ultrasound follow-ups in pregnancy. Results We enrolled 29 patients (incidence of 0.03%). Ultrasound antenatally diagnosed 25 vasa previa (five had a spontaneous resolution) while four were diagnosed postnatally, with an overall sensitivity of 96.2%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 96.2%, and negative predictive value of 100%. Early gestational age at diagnosis is significally associate with spontaneously resolution (p 0.023; aOR 1.63; 95% IC 1.18–2.89). Nearly 93% of our patient had a risk factor for vasa previa: placenta previa at second trimester or low-lying placenta, bilobated placenta, succenturiate cotyledon, velametous cord insertion or assisted reproduction technologies. Conclusions Maternal and fetal outcomes in case of vasa previa antenatally diagnosed are significally improved. Our data support the evaluation of umbilical cord insertion during routine second trimester ultrasound and a targeted screening for vasa previa in women with risk factor: it allows identification of fetus at high risk, reducing fetal mortality in otherwise healthy newborns.

scholarly journals Efficacy and cardiovascular safety of the new estrogen-free contraceptive pill containing 4 mg drospirenone alone in a 24/4 regime. Cardiovascular safety of the new estrogen-free contraceptive pill containing 4 mg drospirenone alone in a 24/4 regime.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Palacios ◽  
Enrico Colli ◽  
PEDRO ANTONIO REGIDOR
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Cardiovascular Safety ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic Events ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Pearl Index

Abstract Background: A new estrogen-free contraceptive has been approved by both the FDA and more than 15 European authorities. It is composed of drospirenone (DRSP) at a dosage of 4 mg in a regimen 24/4. The molecule is known to have anti-gonadotropic, anti-mineralocorticoid, anti-estrogenic, and antiandrogenic properties. The purpose of these clinical trials with a new estrogen-free contraceptive was to introduce a contraceptive method with high efficacy and showing a profile with low cardiovascular risks.Methods: Three European and American multicenter clinical trials have been conducted in more than 2,500 patients and more than 25,000 cycles, not only demonstrating an excellent efficacy (Pearl Index of 0.73) but also investigating possible cardiovascular risks. In the USA study, 422 participants (41.9 %) had a risk factor for VTE, while in the European studies, 261 patients (16.6 %) had at least one VTE risk factor. Amount of arterial and venous thromboembolic events, hemostasiological data, blood pressure development, and ECG data were evaluated. Results: No single case of VTE was documented, no changes in hemastosiological parameters were observed, a small decrease in RR in patients with pretreatment values between 130 and 140 and/or 85 to 90 mm HG and no influence on ECG parameters were observed.Conclusions: The introduction of a new estrogen-free contraceptive with 4 mg of non-micronized drospirenone in a 24/4-day regimen expands contraception options for women as not only a high efficacy could be demonstrated during clinical trials but also a very high cardiovascular safety profile was observed even in women with cardiovascular risk factors.EudraCT registration numbers: 2010-021787-15 & 2011-002396-42. Clincaltrials.gov: NCT02269241

scholarly journals Optimized Forecasting Method for Weekly Influenza Confirmed Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. A. Al-qaness ◽  
Ahmed A. Ewees ◽  
Hong Fan ◽  
Mohamed Abd Elaziz
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Flower Pollination Algorithm ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Previous State ◽  
Sine Cosine Algorithm

Influenza epidemic is a serious threat to the entire world, which causes thousands of death every year and can be considered as a public health emergency that needs to be more addressed and investigated. Forecasting influenza incidences or confirmed cases is very important to do the necessary policies and plans for governments and health organizations. In this paper, we present an enhanced adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to forecast the weekly confirmed influenza cases in China and the USA using official datasets. To overcome the limitations of the original ANFIS, we use two metaheuristics, called flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and sine cosine algorithm (SCA), to enhance the prediction of the ANFIS. The proposed FPASCA-ANFIS is evaluated using two datasets collected from the CDC and WHO websites. Furthermore, it was compared to some previous state-of-the-art approaches. Experimental results confirmed that the FPASCA-ANFIS outperformed the compared methods using variant measures, including RMSRE, MAPE, MAE, and R 2 .

IRON DEFICIENCY, A RISK FACTOR FOR THYROID AUTOIMMUNITY DURING SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY IN CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Xinmei Huang ◽  
Zaoping Chen ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Xiaoying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
Thyroglobulin Antibody

Objective: Previous studies have reported an association between iron deficiency (ID) and increased thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) during early pregnancy. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between ID and thyroid dysfunction, as well as thyroid autoantibodies, during the second trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A total of 1,592 pregnant women (13 to 28 weeks gestation) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. According to serum ferritin (SF) concentrations, they were divided into ID (SF <20 μg/L) or non-ID (SF ≥20 μg/L) groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between ID and subclinical hypothyroidism (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] >4.0 mIU/L and free thyroxine [FT4] within the reference range) and thyroid autoimmunity. Results: The prevalence of ID was 23.43% (373/1,592). Compared with the non-ID group, the ID group had lower FT4 levels (13.94 pmol/L [8.91 to 29.82 pmol/L] versus 14.63 pmol/L [8.22 to 47.24 pmol/L]; P<.001]) and higher TSH levels (1.85 mIU/L [0.01 to 7.84 mIU/L] versus 1.69 mIU/L [0.01 to 10.2 mIU/L]; P<.05). Logistic regression analysis confirmed ID as a risk factor for increased thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab) (odds ratio 1.974; 95% confidence interval 1.065, 3.657; P<.05), but not for subclinical hypothyroidism or increased TPO-Ab. Conclusion: ID is associated with increased TG-Ab during the second trimester of pregnancy. Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CV = coefficient of variation; FT4 = free thyroxine; Hb = hemoglobin; ID = iron deficiency; IDA = iron deficiency anemia; SF = serum ferritin; T3 = triiodothyronine; T4 = thyroxine; TAI = thyroid autoimmunity; TG = thyroglobulin; TG-Ab = thyroglobulin antibody; TPO = thyroid peroxidase; TPO-Ab = thyroid peroxidase antibody; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone

scholarly journals Prevalence of Some Genetic Risk Factors for Nicotine Dependence in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Vitalina Bashynska ◽  
Alexander Koliada ◽  
Kateryna Murlanova ◽  
Oksana Zahorodnia ◽  
Yuliia Borysovych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Strong Risk Factor ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
European Populations

Tobacco smoking is known to be a strong risk factor for developing many diseases. The development and severity of smoking dependence results from interaction of environmental and lifestyle factors, psycho-emotional predispositions, and also from genetic susceptibility. In present study, we investigated polymorphic variants in genes contributed to nicotine dependence, as well as to increased impulsivity, known to be an important risk factor for substance use disorders, in Ukraine population. The genotype frequencies at CYP2A6, DNMT3B, DRD2, HTR2A, COMT, BDNF, GABRA2, CHRNA5, and DAT1 polymorphisms were determined in 171 Ukraine residents, and these data were compared with data for several other European populations and main ethnic groups. It has been found that genotype frequencies for all studied loci are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the Ukrainian population and correspond to the respective frequencies in European populations. These findings suggest a similar impact of these loci on nicotine dependence in Ukraine. Further studies with larger sample sizes are, however, needed to draw firm conclusions about the effect size of these polymorphisms.

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