Whorwell et al's “Physiological Effects of Emotion: Assessment Via Hypnosis”

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Rogers ◽  
David Waxman
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorders ◽  
Motility Index ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Emotion Assessment ◽  
Considerable Intensity

“Assessment of the physiological effects of physical and emotional stress has been hampered by a lack of suitable laboratory techniques. Since hypnosis can be used safely to induce specific emotional states of considerable intensity, we studied the effect on distal colonic motility of three hypnotically induced emotions (excitement, anger, and happiness) in 18 patients aged 20–48 years with irritable bowel syndrome. Colonic motility index was reduced by hypnosis on its own (mean change 19.1; 95% CI 0.8, 37.3; P < 0.05) and this change was accompanied by decreases in both pulse (12; 8, 15) and respiration (6; 4, 8) rates (P < 0.001 for both). Anger and excitement increased the colonic motility index (50.8; 29.4, 72.2; and 30.4; 8.9, 51.9, respectively; P < 0.01 for both), pulse rate (26; 22, 30; and 28; 24, 32; P < 0.001 for both), and respiration rate (14; 12, 16; and 12; 10, 14; P < 0.001 for both). Happiness further reduced colonic motility although not significantly from that observed during hypnosis alone. Changes in motility were mainly due to alterations in rate than in amplitude of contractions. Our results indicate that hypnosis may help in the investigation of the effects of emotion on physiological functions; this approach could be useful outside the gastrointestinal system. Our observation that hypnosis strikingly reduces fasting colonic motility may partly explain the beneficial effects of this form of therapy in functional bowel disorders.”

Irritable bowel syndrome and functional bowel disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 2384-2388
Author(s):  
D.G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Case History ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Western World ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorders ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Case History—A 42 yr old woman presenting with increased bowel frequency, loose stools and urgency after treatment of Campylobacter sp.. Symptoms suggestive of disturbed lower gastrointestinal function without adequate explanation are very common in adults in the Western world, up to 15% of whom experience such symptoms at any one time, although most do not seek medical advice. It is not clear whether the symptoms of those individuals who do seek medical help have a different pathophysiological basis from those who do not, and whether the seeking of medical advice is more an indication of a worried individual than of disturbed gut function....

Understanding Functional Bowel Disorders

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorders ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
Functional Bloating ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The aim of this chapter is to provide nurses with the knowledge to be able to assess, manage, and care for people with the group of conditions often described as functional bowel disorders (FBD)—see definitions below—in an evidence-based and person-centred way. The chapter will provide an overview of the causes and impact of FBDs, before exploring best practice to deliver care, as well as to prevent or to minimize further ill-health. Nursing assessments and priorities are highlighted throughout, and the nursing management of the symptoms and common health problems associated with FBDs can be found in Chapters 16, 23, 24, and 25, respectively. This chapter discusses the group of conditions often described as functional bowel disorders (FBDs). The term ‘functional gastrointestinal disorders’ is also used in the literature, but, for the purpose of this book, the term FBDs will be adopted. This refers to a group of disorders that are characterized by chronic gastrointestinal symptoms that currently have an unknown structural or biochemical cause that could explain those symptoms. Rome III is an internationally agreed set of diagnostic criteria and related information on functional gastrointestinal disorders (Longstreth et al., 2006). It includes six major domains for adults: oesophageal; gastro/duodenal; bowel; functional abdominal pain syndrome; biliary; and anorectal. This chapter will cover the FBDs that specifically relate to chronic abdominal symptoms. General abdominal symptoms include functional dyspepsia, non-cardiac chest pain, which may mimic functional abdominal symptoms, chronic abdominal pain, functional constipation, functional diarrhoea, functional bloating, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The chapter will concentrate on irritable bowel syndrome. Coeliac disease and Crohn’s disease are included: to give an understanding of these disorders, and to differentiate between inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions; to highlight the impact of the symptoms on the people who suffer from them; and to give an insight into the contribution that effective nursing makes. The amount of research and the number of publications concerning FBDs has risen considerably since the mid 1990s, and has contributed to the increasing legitimacy of these conditions as disorders in their own right and not simply by virtue of exclusion of all other possibilities.

scholarly journals Obesity and functional bowel disorders in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Anna V. Pogodina ◽  
Anastasia I. Romanitsa ◽  
Lyubov V. Rychkova
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorders ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

Obesity and functional bowel disorders (FBDs) are often observed in children and share common risk factors. However, the possible relationship between these conditions has begun to be studied recently and the results obtained are ambiguous. Therefore, it is important to summarize the literature on the relationship between obesity and FBDs in children and to discuss the possible pathophysiological mechanisms mediating this. The literature suggests that obesity and FBDs are likely associated conditions. A significant link between obesity and irritable bowel syndrome in children has been confirmed by all studies on this problem. There is also a many evidence that obesity in the pediatric cohort is associated with constipation. However, it should also be noted that there are few studies of this issue, they are heterogeneous in the composition of participants and the diagnostic criteria used, in most cases they are unadjusted for potential confounders. The link between obesity and FBDs may be mediated by diet, eating habits, and psychological factors. But the most promising direction in studying the association between these conditions may be studies of the gut microbiota, changes in which can contribute to impaired intestinal immune function, the development of chronic low-grade inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, impaired motility and visceral hypersensitivity. To date, there is insufficient data to confidently confirm the existence and nature of the relationship between obesity and FBDs in children, but research in this direction can provide important information for the development of approaches to treatment, prevention and early diagnosis of both groups of diseases.

scholarly journals Prebiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and other functional bowel disorders in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1098-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridgette Wilson ◽  
Megan Rossi ◽  
Eirini Dimidi ◽  
Kevin Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorders ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Irritable Bowel

ABSTRACT Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other functional bowel disorders (FBDs) are prevalent disorders with altered microbiota. Prebiotics positively augment gut microbiota and may offer therapeutic potential. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prebiotics compared with placebo on global response, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and gut microbiota, via systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with IBS and other FBDs. Methods Studies were identified using electronic databases, back-searching reference lists, and hand-searching abstracts. RCTs that compared prebiotics to placebo in adults with IBS or other FBDs were included. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and bias assessment. Outcome data were synthesized as ORs, weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with the use of a random-effects model. Subanalyses were performed for type of FBD and dose, type, and duration of prebiotic. Results Searches identified 2332 records, and 11 RCTs were eligible (729 patients). The numbers responding were 52/97 (54%) for prebiotic and 59/94 (63%) for placebo, with no difference between groups (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.07, 5.69; P = 0.67). Similarly, no differences were found for severity of abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence, and QoL score between prebiotics and placebo. However, flatulence severity was improved by prebiotics at doses ≤6 g/d (SMD: –0.35; 95% CI: –0.71, 0.00; P = 0.05) and by non-inulin-type fructan prebiotics (SMD: –0.34; 95% CI: –0.66, –0.01; P = 0.04), while inulin-type fructans worsened flatulence (SMD: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.23, 1.47; P = 0.007). Prebiotics increased absolute abundance of bifidobacteria (WMD: 1.16 log10 copies of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene; 95% CI: 0.06, 2.26; P = 0.04). No studies were at low risk of bias across all bias categories. Conclusions Prebiotics do not improve gastrointestinal symptoms or QoL in patients with IBS or other FBDs, but they do increase bifidobacteria. Variations in prebiotic type and dose impacted symptom improvement or exacerbation. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42017074072.

scholarly journals Primary structure of arabinoxylans of ispaghula husk and wheat bran.

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Edwards ◽  
Martin F. Chaplin ◽  
Anne D. Blackwood ◽  
Peter W. Dettmar
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorders ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Water Holding

he primary structures of ispaghula husk and wheat bran were investigated in order to determine how and why these fibres are among the most beneficial dietary fibres. To this end, the polysaccharide preparations have been subjected to enzymic hydrolysis and methylation analysis. The results have shown ispaghula husk and wheat bran to be very-highly-branched arabinoxylans consisting of linear Β-D-→l(4)-linked xylopyranose →Xylp) backbones to which a-L-arabinofuranose →Araf) units are attached as side residues via α-→1(3) and a-→l(2) linkages. Other substituents identified as present in wheat bran include Β-D-glucuronic acid attached via the C→O)-2 position, and arabinose oligomers, consisting of two or more arabinofuranosyl residues linked via 1–2, 1–3, and 1–4 linkages. Ispaghula-husk arabinoxylan is more complex having additional side residues which include a-D-glucuronopyranose →GalAp)-→l→2(-linked-α-L-rhamnopyranose-(1→4)-β-D-Xylp, α-D-GalA/>-→l→3(-linked-a-L-Araf-→1)4(-p-D-Xylp, and <x-L-Araf-→1→3(-linked-p-D-Xylp-→1→4(-β-D-Xylp. The beneficial effects of increased faecal bulk and water-holding capacity are undoubtedly related to the structures of the arabinoxylans, with differences in their efficacy to treat various functional bowel disorders due to their specific structural features

9 NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF α1 ADRENOCEPTORS IN MOUSE AND HUMAN COLONIC MOTILITY – DISCOVERY OF PROMISING TARGETS FOR FUNCTIONAL BOWEL DISORDERS (FBD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-4
Author(s):  
Masaaki Kurahashi ◽  
Yoshihiko Kito ◽  
Sal Baker ◽  
Masayasu Hara ◽  
Hiromitsu Takeyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorders ◽  
Bowel Disorders

Electroacupuncture at ST-36 accelerates colonic motility and transit in freely moving conscious rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. G285-G292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Iwa ◽  
Megumi Matsushima ◽  
Yukiomi Nakade ◽  
Theodore N. Pappas ◽  
Mineko Fujimiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Motility Index ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Efferent Pathway ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Parasympathetic Pathway

Acupuncture is useful for functional bowel diseases, such as constipation and diarrhea. However, the mechanisms of beneficial effects of acupuncture on colonic function have scarcely ever been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that electroacupuncture (EA) at ST-36 stimulates colonic motility and transit via a parasympathetic pathway in conscious rats. Hook-shaped needles were inserted at bilateral ST-36 (lower limb) or BL-21 (back) and electrically stimulated at 10 Hz for 20 min. We also studied c-Fos expression in response to EA at ST-36 in Barrington's nucleus of the pons. EA at ST-36, but not BL-21, significantly increased the amplitude of motility at the distal colon. The calculated motility index of the distal colon increased to132 ± 9.9% of basal levels ( n = 14, P < 0.05). In contrast, EA at ST-36 had no stimulatory effects in the proximal colon. EA at ST-36 significantly accelerated colonic transit [geometric center (GC) = 6.76 ± 0.42, n = 9, P < 0.001] compared with EA at BL-21 (GC = 5.23 ± 0.39, n = 7). The stimulatory effect of EA at ST-36 on colonic motility and transit was abolished by pretreatment with atropine. EA-induced acceleration of colonic transit was also abolished by extrinsic nerve denervation of the distal colon (GC = 4.69 ± 0.33, n = 6). The number of c-Fos-immunopositive cells at Barrington's nucleus significantly increased in response to EA at ST-36 to 8.1 ± 1.1 cells/section compared with that of controls (2.4 ± 0.5 cells/section, n = 3, P < 0.01). It is concluded that EA at ST-36 stimulates distal colonic motility and accelerates colonic transit via a sacral parasympathetic efferent pathway (pelvic nerve). Barrington's nucleus plays an important role in mediating EA-induced distal colonic motility in conscious rats.

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