Handedness in Mental Handicap: Investigation into Populations of Down's Syndrome, Epilepsy and Autism

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lewin ◽  
D. Kohen ◽  
G. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
General Population ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Left Handedness ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Validated Instrument

The handedness in three randomly sampled groups of people with learning disabilities consisting of patients with Down's syndrome, epilepsy, and autism were studied using a validated instrument. All subjects were controlled for neurological and other medical disorders. A statistically significant increase in left-handedness and ambiguous handedness compared with the general population was found in all groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of left-handedness between the three groups.

Differential Rates of Psychiatric Disorders in Adults with Down's Syndrome Compared with Other Mentally Handicapped Adults

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Collacott ◽  
Sally-Ann Cooper ◽  
Catherine McGrother
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Mental Handicap

The total number of adults with Down's syndrome living in Leicestershire, ascertained by widespread enquiry, was found to be 378. Of these, 371 were matched with adults with mental handicap due to other pathologies, on the basis of age, sex, and type of residence. Those with Down's syndrome were found to have a different spectrum of mental disorders from those without the syndrome. In particular, Down's syndrome patients were more likely to have been diagnosed as having depression and dementia; the controls were more likely to have been diagnosed as suffering from conduct disorder, personality disorder, or schizophrenia/paranoid state. The same proportion of each group had been given a diagnosis of autism.

Comparison of Brain Morphology in Alzheimer’s Dementia in the General Population and Demented Subjects with Down’s Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mullins ◽  
E. Daly ◽  
A. Simmons ◽  
P. Johnston ◽  
K. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Alzheimer’S Dementia ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Alzheimer's Dementia ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Increased Risk

Aim:To compare Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) in the general population with Down's syndrome dementia.Background review: AD is characterised by cognitive dysfunction interfering with activities of daily living. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal aging and dementia. People with Down's syndrome have an increased risk of developing AD. AD pathology initially appears in the entorhinal cortex, followed by the hippocampus and later in the temporal lobes. These areas are critical for memory functioning.Method:Volumetric analysis was performed on MRI brain scans using Measure software. Manual tracing was undertaken for the hippocampus, temporal lobes and lateral ventricles as well as the total brain volume of the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum. Brain volumes were normalised as a percentage of traced intracranial volumes. Freesurfer software was used to obtain entorhinal cortical thickness measures. Statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS15.Results:Subjects with AD (n=46), MCI (n=28) and controls (n=39) were compared with Down's syndrome demented subjects (DS+, n=20), non-demented subjects with Down's syndrome (DS-, n=45) and age-matched controls (n=43). Hippocampi, entorhinal cortex and temporal lobes were significantly reduced in AD and DS+ compared to controls. Lateral ventricles were significantly increased in AD and DS+ compared to controls. MCI and DS- produced findings between those of dementia and controls.Conclusions:Critical memory regions atrophy in dementia corresponding to decreased cognitive functioning. DS+ morphology is comparable to AD in the general population but the atrophy is less pronounced.

Movement Disorder in Down's syndrome: A possible marker of the severity of mental handicap

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla M. Haw ◽  
Thomas R. E. Barnes ◽  
Kate Clark ◽  
Paul Crichton ◽  
Dora Kohen
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Mental Handicap

scholarly journals Effect of an intervention on teachers’ and teaching assistants’ attitudes and academic expectations concerning the educational inclusion of students with Down’s Syndrome

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Mora-Castelletto ◽  
María Magdalena Muñoz-Montes ◽  
Francisca Pozo-Tapia ◽  
Eduardo Fuentes-López ◽  
Giorvan Ânderson dos Santos Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Teaching Assistants ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Academic Expectations ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT Purpose: to assess the effect of an intervention on educational teams’ attitudes and academic expectations concerning the inclusion of students with Down’s Syndrome (DS), in Chile. Methods: a quasi-experimental single-group study was carried out, with an interdisciplinary pilot intervention held comprising three workshops on inclusive education for teachers and teaching assistants. The Attitudes Towards and Academic Expectations For Down’s Syndrome Students questionnaire (CAEASD in Spanish) was used to assess these variables pre- and post-intervention. Results: 48 subjects participated in this study, with 37 in the experimental group and 11 in the control group. No significant differences were observed in the overall CAEASD score, neither before nor after the intervention (p=0.388). However, in the actions part of the attitude component, there was a significant difference in the experimental group (p<0.05), in which, the proportion of positive changes in the overall CAEASD score was also greater than that in the control group. Conclusion: mentoring had a positive impact on educational teams’ attitudes towards students with DS, helping to develop an inclusive educational community.

Are There Two Maternal Age Groups in Down's Syndrome?

1974 ◽  
Vol 124 (582) ◽  
pp. 453-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. P. Moran
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
The Mean

Penrose and Smith (1966) have reviewed the literature on Down's syndrome in great detail, and this has been followed by an important recent review by Richards (1973). In Chapters 10 and 11 of Penrose and Smith's book they discuss the remarkable frequency distribution of the ages of mothers of patients, compared with that of the general population at the corresponding place and time, and they summarize the large number of studies made on this subject. The mean age of the mothers is shifted upwards by amounts which vary in different countries from about 6 to 8 years. The remarkable feature, however, is that there appear to be two bumps in the curve. These are usually (but not always) not large enough to make the curve bimodal, and J. B. S. Haldane therefore coined the term ‘bitangentiality’ for this phenomenon, which appears in most published studies and in the group of all sample cases (9,441) given by Penrose and Smith, Fig. 76. Collmann and Stoller (1962) make a complete survey of all mongol births in Victoria, Australia, from 1942 to 1957 and here there is a distinct bimodality.

Mania and Down's Syndrome

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper ◽  
Richard A. Collacott
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Family History ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Rapid Cycling ◽  
History Of

Until recently, it was considered that Down's syndrome precluded a diagnosis of mania, or gave rise to an atypical presentation. There have been seven case reports of mania in people with Down's syndrome and all these cases are reviewed. The clinical features of mania are noted to be similar to those previously described in individuals with learning disabilities due to other causes. However, all reported cases are male and none has a family history of affective disorder. In two of the seven men reported, the illness followed a rapid cycling pattern. Hypothyroidism and monoamine biochemistry in people with Down's syndrome are discussed in the context of these atypical features.

Haematological Reference Ranges for Neonates with Down Syndrome In the UK: A Report From the Children with Down's Syndrome Study

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
Rebecca James ◽  
Tom Johnston ◽  
Tracy Lightfoot ◽  
Dan Painter ◽  
Pat Ansell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
General Population ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Neonatal Population

Abstract Abstract 79 Introduction: The Children with Down's Syndrome Study (CDSS; www.cdss.org.uk) is a unique observational study following a population-based cohort of children with Down's syndrome (DS) from birth onwards. Here we present the initial set of neonatal full blood count results - demonstrating that haematological values in DS neonates differ markedly from those of the general neonatal population; and providing, for the first time, DS specific reference ranges for haematological parameters for immediate clinical use. Methods: Recruitment to the population based CDSS opened in May 2006 and is ongoing. At entry, a blood sample taken in EDTA is sent to a designated laboratory with full CPA (UK) accreditation and processed using a Sysmex XE2100 or Advia 2120 according to a standard operating procedure. Clinical and demographic details, including date of birth, gestational age and birth weight are collected routinely. Of the 229 children recruited with appropriate samples, 197 are included in the analysis presented here: 32 were excluded because the sample was after 28 days of age; had a delay in processing; or had no result. Regression analyses considered effects of age at sampling, days until processing, sex, and source of sample. Gestational age and birth weight were examined in children sampled within 3 days of birth. Results: There were 109 boys and 88 girls. Median age at sampling was 3 days (IQR: 1–7). Median gestational age was 39 weeks (IQR: 37–39) and median birth weight was 3.0 kg (IQR: 2.4–3.4). The DS neonates had a similar RCC, but higher HB, HCT and MCV, when compared with standards for the general neonatal population: RCC 5.4 ± 0.82 x1012/l; HB 20.0 ± 3.3 g/dl with HCT 0.62 ± 0.1%, and MCV 115.5 ± 9.0 fl. By conventional standards, 43% of DS neonates would be considered to be polycythaemic (HCT>65%), and 76% macrocytic (MCV>110 fl). WCC was 13.9 ± 8.4 x109/l with differential analysis (on a subset of 100 children with suitable samples) showing neutrophils 6.4 ± 5.3 x109/l; lymphocytes 3.4 ± 2.0 x109/l; monocytes 0.97 ± 0.55 x109/l; eosinophils 0.22 ± 0.32 x109/l; and basophils 0.20 ± 0.19 x109/l. In 41% cases monocytes were >1.0 x109/l. The overall mean platelet count was 161 ± 89 x109/l. Thrombocytopenia was most common in the first week of life: 63% having platelets < 150 x109/l. Only 8% of children sampled in their fourth week of life had a platelet count < 150 x109/l. Mean MPV was 11.8 ± 1.0 fl which is greater than the 95th percentile MPV for a general neonatal population. HB, RCC, HCT, MCV, RDW-CV, nucleated red blood cells, WCC, neutrophils and lymphocytes all fell with each increasing day of age. These parameters did not vary with sex or source of sample. Platelet and monocyte number both increased slightly with increasing birth weight, while HB and RCC fell. HB, HCT, RCC and neutrophils increased with each week of increasing gestational age, while the platelet count fell. Conclusions: The haematological profile of DS neonates appears to be distinct from that of the general neonatal population reflecting altered trilineage haematopoiesis. The most striking features are the increased HB, HCT and MCV - with a preserved RCC; monocytosis; and thrombocytopenia with increased MPV. These features, particularly large haemoglobin-rich erythrocytes and thrombocytopenia, are associated with fetal haematopoiesis, suggesting that the switch to adult haematopoiesis may be delayed in DS. For example, the mean MCV here is comparable with that at 30 weeks gestation for the general population. Interestingly, the neutrophil count appears lower than the general population, although it follows a similar postnatal pattern: falling rapidly over the first few days before plateauing from day 10. Many neonatal units incorporate the neutrophil count in algorithms to indicate the likelihood of sepsis; these may need to be revised for DS neonates. Fetal thrombocytopenia has been described previously in DS. It is clear from this work that the platelet count increases with advancing postnatal age, so that in contrast to other causes of neonatal thrombocytopenia, a well DS neonate with thrombocytopenia does not require additional investigation. This work provides a much needed evidence-base for clinical practice: the predictive percentile charts indicating the expected range by age for the neonatal period and illustrating the natural history. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Dementia in Down’s syndrome: an MRI comparison with Alzheimer’s disease in the general population

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Mullins ◽  
Eileen Daly ◽  
Andrew Simmons ◽  
Felix Beacher ◽  
Catherine ML Foy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome
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