A Hormonal Component to Postnatal Depression

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Harris
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Primary Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
Tsh Levels

Disorders of the thyroid gland are associated with disorders of mood (Thomas et al, 1970; Van Uitert & Russakoff, 1979; Folks, 1984; Young, 1984; Jadresic, 1990). Both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid states can be associated with depression, which is sometimes accompanied by psychotic features such as delusions and hallucinations (Wilson & Jefferson, 1986). Similarly, primary affective disorders can be accompanied by changes in thyroid function, with low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and elevated thyroxine (T4) (Kirkegaard & Faber, 1980), and in major depressive illness there is often a blunted TSH response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) (Prange et al, 1972; Loosen, 1987).

Thyroid-pituitary function in eight anencephalic infants

1980 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Grasso ◽  
S. Filetti ◽  
D. Mazzone ◽  
V. Pezzino ◽  
R. Vigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Bovine Tsh ◽  
Tsh Levels

Abstract. The function of the thyroid pituitary axis was investigated in 8 anencephalic infants with no hypothalamus. Thyrotrophin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3,′5′-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) were measured in the cord blood in 5 cases and during the first 4 h of life in 3 cases, TSH response to synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) (200 μg iv) was carried out in two cases and thyroid hormone response to bovine TSH (5 IU iv) was evaluated in 3 cases. The following results were obtained: 1) The pituitary gland was found in all infants and the thyroid was normal both grossly and by microscopic sections. 2) TSH levels at birth were normal but there was no spontaneous post-delivery surge. 3) T4 and T3 values at delivery were within normal range, but no T3 increase was present after birth. rT3 levels at birth were higher than normal in 3 cases. 4) Administration of TRH caused a marked and rapid TSH release. 5) Thyroid hormone response to TSH was normal. The present findings suggest that in the anencephalic foetus both pituitary TSH-secreting cells and the thyroid gland do develop despite the absence of the hypothalamus and are able to function if adequately stimulated.

Prediction of ECT Response: Validation of a Refined Sign-Based (CORE) System for Defining Melancholia

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Hickie ◽  
Catherine Mason ◽  
Gordon Parker ◽  
Henry Brodaty
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Clinical Validity ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Primary Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Features

BackgroundThe clinical validity of melancholia has been argued on the basis of its capacity to predict response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We have argued that a sign-based (CORE) rating system of psychomotor disturbance can identify patients with melancholia. Therefore, the clinical validity of the CORE system was tested here in terms of its capacity to predict response to ECT.MethodThe response of 81 patients with primary affective disorders to an individualised course of ECT was investigated. CORE scores and other clinical predictors were evaluated in terms of their capacity to predict effect size changes in symptoms and disability.ResultsCORE scores predicted ECT response, as did the presence of psychotic features. The combination of marked psychomotor change (high CORE scores) and psychotic features predicted the best response to ECT.ConclusionThis study supports the clinical validity of the CORE system for diagnosing melancholia.

HYPOTHALAMIC SECRETION OF THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IS DECREASED IN MALE JAPANESE QUAIL EXPOSED TO LONG DAILY PHOTOPERIODS

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. X. ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Adult male Japanese quail held under short daily photoperiods (8 h light: 16 h darkness; 8L : 16D) had significantly higher plasma concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) than did those kept under long days (16L : 8D). When given a single s.c. injection of 50 μg thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) the birds held under both the 8L : 16D and 16L : 8D photoperiods showed rapid increases in their blood concentrations of TSH, T4 and T3, the amplitude of the TSH response of the birds exposed to 16L : 8D being particularly marked. These results suggest that, in the male quail, long daily photoperiods produce a hypothyroid state as a result of diminished TRH secretion. The synthetic and secretory capacities of the thyroid gland and pituitary thyrotrophs are apparently unimpaired by long days.

scholarly journals MECHANISTIC ROLE OF VARUNA (CRATAEVA NURVALA) EXTRACT ON THYROID GLAND AND ITS HISTOLOGY THROUGH IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Arshvir Kaur ◽  
Santosh Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Iodothyronine Deiodinases ◽  
Group I ◽  
Total Thyroxine ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Thyroid Histology ◽  
Tsh Levels

Objective: Crataeva nurvala (CN) is used for its therapeutic effects, but its effect on the thyroid gland in euthyroid conditions and mechanism behind its thyrotropic activity in hypothyroidism is still not explored. This study screened the pharmacological effect of the ethanolic extract of the bark of CN on thyroid hormones, free and total thyroxine (FT4 and T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and thyroid histology in normal Swiss albino female mice.Methods: Eighteen animals of 28–33 g were segregated into three groups: Group I treated with vehicle (NOR+VEH), Group II administered CN 400 mg/kg (NOR+CN 400), and Group III given CN 600 mg/kg (NOR+CN 600), for 15 days, per os (p.o.). The variation in the T4, FT4, T3, and TSH levels was recorded using ELISA, 24 h after the last dose, and T3/T4 ratio thus calculated along with the histopathological studies of the thyroid gland.Results: The findings were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean, using one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s post-tests to compare all columns with the control. NOR+CN 600 has shown thyroid protective effect through retaining euthyroid profile, normal T3/T4 ratio, and near-normal histology. However, NOR+CN 400 had shown the significant decline in T3/T4 ratio and pathological changes in thyroid histology, in comparison with the control and NOR+VEH group.Conclusion: The higher dose of CN was found to sustain the euthyroid levels through retention of iodothyronine deiodinases activity, facilitating the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, and in retaining normal histoarchitecture of the thyroid gland in contrary to a lower dose.

Infants Diagnosed with Athyreosis on Scintigraphy May Have a Gland Present on Ultrasound and Have Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Niamh McGrath ◽  
Colin Patrick Hawkes ◽  
Stephanie Ryan ◽  
Philip Mayne ◽  
Nuala Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Rule Out

Scintigraphy using technetium-99m (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) is the gold standard for imaging the thyroid gland in infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) and is the most reliable method of diagnosing an ectopic thyroid gland. One of the limitations of scintigraphy is the possibility that no uptake is detected despite the presence of thyroid tissue, leading to the spurious diagnosis of athyreosis. Thyroid ultrasound is a useful adjunct to detect thyroid tissue in the absence of <sup>99m</sup>Tc uptake. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> We aimed to describe the incidence of sonographically detectable in situ thyroid glands in infants scintigraphically diagnosed with athyreosis using <sup>99m</sup>Tc and to describe the clinical characteristics and natural history in these infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The newborn screening records of all infants diagnosed with CHT between 2007 and 2016 were reviewed. Those diagnosed with CHT and athyreosis confirmed on scintigraphy were invited to attend a thyroid ultrasound. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 488 infants diagnosed with CHT during the study period, 18/73 (24.6%) infants with absent uptake on scintigraphy had thyroid tissue visualised on ultrasound (3 hypoplastic thyroid glands and 15 eutopic glands). The median serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration at diagnosis was significantly lower than that in infants with confirmed athyreosis (no gland on ultrasound and no uptake on scintigraphy) (74 vs. 270 mU/L), and median free T4 concentration at diagnosis was higher (11.9 vs. 3.9 pmol/L). Six of 10 (60%) infants with no uptake on scintigraphy but a eutopic gland on ultrasound had transient CHT. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Absent uptake on scintigraphy in infants with CHT does not rule out a eutopic gland, especially in infants with less elevated TSH concentrations. Clinically, adding thyroid ultrasound to the diagnostic evaluation of infants who have athyreosis on scintigraphy may avoid committing some infants with presumed athyreosis to lifelong levothyroxine treatment.

scholarly journals OctylPhenol (OP) Alone and in Combination with NonylPhenol (NP) Alters the Structure and the Function of Thyroid Gland of the Lizard Podarcis siculus

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Sciarrillo ◽  
Mariana Di Lorenzo ◽  
Salvatore Valiante ◽  
Luigi Rosati ◽  
Maria De Falco
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Podarcis Siculus ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
By Products

Abstract Different environmental contaminants disturb the thyroid system at many levels. AlkylPhenols (APs), by-products of microbial degradation of AlkylPhenol Polyethoxylates (APEOs), constitute an important class of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), the two most often used environmental APs being 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects on the thyroid gland of the bioindicator Podarcis siculus of OP alone and in combination with NP. We used radioimmunoassay to determine their effects on plasma 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), 3,3′,5,5′-L-thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) levels in adult male lizards. We also investigated the impacts of AP treatments on hepatic 5′ORD (type II) deiodinase and hepatic content of T3 and T4. After OP and OP + NP administration, TRH levels increased, whereas TSH, T3, and T4 levels decreased. Lizards treated with OP and OP + NP had a higher concentration of T3 in the liver and 5′ORD (type II) activity, whereas T4 concentrations were lower than that observed in the control group. Moreover, histological examination showed that the volume of the thyroid follicles became smaller in treated lizards suggesting that that thyroid follicular epithelial cells were not functionally active following treatment. This data collectively suggest a severe interference with hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis and a systemic imbalance of thyroid hormones. Graphic Abstract

Association of maternal serum trace elements with newborn screening-thyroid stimulating hormone

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Ucal ◽  
Muhittin Serdar ◽  
Cansu Akın-Levi ◽  
Zeynep Zulfiye Yıldırım-Keles ◽  
Cem Turam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Serum Trace Elements ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

AbstractObjectivesTrace elements are essential in thyroid functioning as they incorporate into biologically important enzymes as cofactors. The placenta can either activate or inhibit the transfer of maternal trace elements to the unborn. An imbalance of maternal trace elements in pregnancy may affect both maternal and newborn thyroid function.MethodsBlood samples from 315 lactating mothers were collected in the first 48 h after delivery and evaluated for selenium (Se), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Thyroid hormones and auto-antibodies (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3 (fT3), free T3 (fT4), anti–thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), and antithyroglobulin (anti-TG)) were analyzed in maternal blood using an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Between 48 and 72 postpartum hours, spot blood samples were used for newborn screening-TSH measurement. Correlation and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of maternal trace element levels on newborn screening-TSH levels.ResultsThe medians (min-max) of maternal Se (45.16 µg/L (21.28–79.04)), Cu (210.10 µg/dL (117.04–390.64)), Mn (2.11 µg/L (0.20–3.46)), and Zn (0.43 mg/L (0.24–0.66)) were determined. A positive correlation was detected between Zn and maternal TSH levels (r=0.12, p < 0.05). Newborn screening-TSH was significantly correlated with maternal Cu (r=0.14, p < 0.01). Similarly, Cu exhibited weak associations in clustering analysis while others shared common clusters with newborn-screening TSH.ConclusionsThere was no significant association between most of the maternal serum trace elements and maternal thyroid hormone parameters, with an only exception between maternal Zn and maternal serum TSH. Finally, the association between maternal serum Cu levels and newborn screening-TSH levels may highlight the importance of maternal Cu levels on the newborn thyroid health.

Korean medication algorithm for depressive disorder (II): Major depressive disorder without psychotic features

2008 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. S90
Author(s):  
J.H. Seok ◽  
D.I. Jon ◽  
K.J. Min⁎ ◽  
W.M. Bahk ◽  
J.P. Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Psychotic Features

Range of Effective Plasma Concentrations for Dothiepin and its Metabolites in Major Depressive Illness

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
K F Ilett ◽  
T H Blythe ◽  
L P Hackett ◽  
RTT Ong ◽  
D A Tannenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Major Depressive
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