Positive, Negative, and Disorganisation Factors from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and the Present State Examination

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Thompson ◽  
Herbert Y. Meltzer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Present State ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms ◽  
Three Factor

The use of items from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and from the Present State Examination scales for assessing positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia was examined using factor analysis. The factorial structure of the items which putatively assess positive and negative symptoms was examined. A three-factor solution was obtained with factors identified as: a negative symptom factor (factor 1); a positive symptom factor (factor 2); a ‘disorganisation’ factor (factor 3), consisting primarily of items related to disordered thinking. A solution which was highly similar in important loadings was obtained with an independent sample of patients. High correlations of the rotated factors with the external criteria supported the interpretations of the factors. The results indicate that symptoms generally classified as negative or positive are factorially independent. Furthermore, a disorganisation factor, consisting of items previously included in positive and negative symptoms factors, is necessary for a full representation of the factor structure.

scholarly journals The Construct Validity of Vallerand’s Academic Motivation Scale (AMS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Salem Ali Salem Algharaibeh
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Academic Motivation Scale ◽  
Motivation Scale ◽  
Three Factor

It seems that the academic motivation structure is affected by cultural factors. Many studies have examined the factorial structure of the academic motivation scale (AMS), and the results showed different factorial structures of AMS (e.g., Taghipour Ali Hosein et al. (EL-yazidi and Louzani, 2017) concluded that the scale consists of two dimensions; Natalya and Purwanto (2018) concluded that it consists of three dimensions; Alruaili (2020) concluded that it consists of four dimensions; Abu Awad (2009) concluded that the scale consists of six dimensions). The AMS is one of the most widely used academic motivation measures across the world. It was built on the basis of the self-determination theory. The current study aimed at investigating the factorial structure of the AMS using the exploratory factor analysis (PCA) and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The AMS was applied to a sample of 401 university students. The results of PCA suggested a three-factor solution (intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and Amotivation), and CFA was conducted for three competing structures (three factors, five factors, and seven factors); the results confirmed the three-factor solution for the AMS. The results also showed that the AMS dimensions had good alpha coefficient values which were greater than the acceptable cut-off value of 0.7. In conclusion, the Jordanian version of the AMS is a valid scale that consists of 24 items loaded on three factors (intrinsic, extrinsic, and Amotivation) for measuring academic motivation.

The Distinction of Positive and Negative Symptoms

1991 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Arndt ◽  
Randall J. Alliger ◽  
Nancy C. Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Pooled Sample ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

The distinction of positive and negative symptoms in describing schizophrenic patients has become popular. It presupposes that symptoms cluster in two dimensions, fitting together not only theoretically but empirically. Factor analysis of three published studies of 93, 62 and 52 schizophrenic patients and a large pooled sample showed that more than two distinct dimensions are required to categorise symptoms in schizophrenia. This result is consistent across methods and samples, and with previous literature. The added dimensionality resulted from a splitting of the positive symptom domain into more distinct factors.

Celebrity Worship Among University Students in Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viren Swami ◽  
Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic ◽  
Khairul Mastor ◽  
Fatin Hazwani Siran ◽  
Mohammad Mohsein Mohammad Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Movie Stars ◽  
Three Factor

The present study examined conceptual issues surrounding celebrity worship in a Malay-speaking population. In total, 512 Malay and 269 Chinese participants from Malaysia indicated who their favorite celebrity was and completed the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) as well as a range of demographic items. Results showed that the majority of Malay and Chinese participants selected pop stars and movie stars as their favourite celebrities, mirroring findings in Western settings. In addition, exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor solution of the CAS that was consistent with previous studies conducted in the West. Structural equation modeling further revealed that participant’s age was negatively associated with celebrity worship and that self-rated attractiveness was positively associated with celebrity worship. Overall, the present results suggest that celebrity worship in Malaysia may be driven by market and media forces, and future research may well be guided by use of the CAS.

Evidence for a Third Factor on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule in a College Student Sample

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Scott Killgore
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis ◽  
College Student Sample ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Affect Factor ◽  
Three Factor

The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was originally developed to measure two orthogonal dimensions of affect. The present study examined the factor structure of the PANAS in a sample of 302 undergraduates. Maximum Likelihood factor analysis was used to compare two- and three-factor solutions to self-rated affect. The two-factor solution resulted in confirmation of the two factors of Positive and Negative Affect hypothesized to underlie the schedule. When, however, a three-factor solution was specified, the Positive Affect factor was retained, while the Negative Affect factor split into two lower-order factors generally consistent with the Upset and Afraid factors described by Mehrabian in 1997. These findings highlight the need for research to consider the possible influence of a third affective dimension, such as Dominance–Submissiveness on self-rated affective experience.

Negative Symptoms at Discharge and Outcome in Schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Gwo Hwu ◽  
Happy Tan ◽  
Chu-Chang Chen ◽  
Ling-Ling Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

BackgroundThe clinical significance in schizophrenia of positive and negative symptoms at discharge was assessed.MethodOf schizophrenic patients fulfilling DSM–III criteria, 113 were recruited for this study. Personal, social and psychopathological data were collected and all cases were followed up at one and two years after discharge.ResultsThe presence of positive symptoms (64 cases), without concomitant negative symptoms, did not predict the follow-up social function and positive symptom score. Conversely, the presence of negative symptoms (31 cases) predicted worse social functioning (P < 0.05 to P < 0.005) and higher positive symptom scores (P < 0.01) at follow-up using MANOVA. Eighteen cases (15.9%) had neither positive nor negative symptoms and had the best clinical outcome.ConclusionsNegative, but not positive, symptoms assessed at discharge are an important predictor of poor outcome. In addition, negative symptoms may themselves expose a biological vulnerability to the presence of positive symptoms.

Positive and Negative Symptoms in Psychiatry

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Market Research Company ◽  
Research Company ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

The terms positive and negative symptoms have slipped into the language of contemporary psychiatry with comparative ease. It is not uncommon for these expressions to be used with little explanation, both at meeting and in written communications, with the implicit understanding that their meaning is understood and that somehow they are of value to our knowledge of psychopathology. However, that there are no clear guide-lines at present for our use of these terms is shown from a recent survey of psychiatrists' opinions from a market research company (Martin Hamblin Research-Personal Communication). As part of a series of questions asked to many psychiatrists of differing age, geographical location, and status, they were asked about the meaning of these terms, positive and negative symptoms and the proportion of schizophrenic patients having them. Of the categories quoted by Crow (1980–81) as positive symptoms, 68% considered that delusions were positive symptoms, 63% hallucinations, and only 35% thought disorder. In contrast, 18% thought that behaviour disturbance was a positive symptom, a similar figure (15%) being given for passivity feelings. Considerable variation was noted, however, with hallucinations being considered positive by only 33% of London psychiatrists, thought disorder by only 11% of those qualified 16–25 years, and one-quarter of all registrars and psychiatrists from Midland Health Districts considered passivity feelings to fall into this category. Even greater disagreement was recorded for negative symptoms. Thus, the symptom most often associated with this category was apathy, by 52% of respondents. Only 26% considered that withdrawal was a negative symptom, the percentage data for lack of motivation and blunting of affect being 37% and 15% respectively.

Why Choose Psychology? An Investigation of Norwegian High School Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-142
Author(s):  
Anja Møgelvang Jacobsen ◽  
Åge Diseth
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
School Students ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
General Satisfaction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Factor

Psychology as an A-level subject in senior high school (12th to 13th grade) has increased in popularity in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate why students choose psychology as a subject, and their satisfaction with this choice. A total of 624 Norwegian students responded to a survey. A factor analysis supported a three-factor solution in relation to reasons for choosing to study psychology in terms of “interest,” “therapy,” and “rigor.” The results showed that interest in the subject was the most common reason, thus supporting the “sexy subject hypothesis.” However, a substantial minority of the students also reported personal reasons for choosing psychology, hence there was some support for the “therapy hypothesis.” The least pertinent reason for choosing this subject was a perception of psychology as an easy subject. Hence, the “rigor hypothesis” was not supported. The findings also showed general satisfaction with their choice of psychology as a subject, and realistic expectations of expected academic performance (grades) in psychology. Practical consequences were discussed.

Community-Based Psychiatric Rehabilitation in Shanghai

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (S24) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyuan Zhang ◽  
Heqin Yan ◽  
Michael R. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Rehabilitation ◽  
Community Mental Health Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

This paper describes the community mental health services in Shanghai, analyses the effectiveness of these services, and discusses their culture-specific characteristics. It reports on a prospective, matched-control study of the three most important types of service: a community follow-up programme in psychiatric out-patient clinics at primary-level general hospitals, ‘guardianship networks’ operated by non-professional volunteers, and work therapy stations. In total 308 pairs of subjects completed the study. Using Chinese versions of the Disability Assessment Schedule to assess impairment in psychosocial functioning and the Present State Examination to assess the levels of positive and negative symptoms, ten blind evaluators who had excellent inter-rater reliability assessed the functioning of subjects at enrolment and every six months for the next two years. Over the two years, symptoms and social functioning improved in the treatment groups and deteriorated in the control groups. Thus these community psychiatric services have the dual benefit of promoting rehabilitation and preventing psychosocial deterioration.

Factorial Structure of the Mach v Scale for Chicano and White College Students

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1139-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
White Students ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Three Factor ◽  
White College

121 Mexican-American and 112 white college students filled out Christie's Mach V scale which measures proclivities for interpersonal manipulation and deceit. Analysis of responses indicated that the Mach V factorial structure was more identifiable for the white students than for the Mexican-Americans. It was concluded that of several possible factorial summaries, a three-factor solution afforded the most succinct reduction of the data.

Aggressive Behaviour in Schizophrenia: The Role of Psychopathology

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cheung ◽  
Isaac Schweitzer ◽  
Kathleen Crowley ◽  
Virginia Tuckwell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Frontal Lobe Impairment ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the psychopathological correlates of aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia. Method:Thirty-one aggressive patients in rehabilitation wards meeting DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia were compared with 31 matched non-aggressive patients in relation to their psychopathology using the Clinical Global Index (CGI), Positive and Negative Symptoms scale (PANSS) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Results:The aggressive group had significantly higher CGI, positive symptom, negative symptom, general psychopathology and total PANSS scores than the non-aggressive group. The two groups could be distinguished by three sets of symptoms: symptoms with verbal or/and physical aggression as part of their definition; symptoms suggesting frontal lobe impairment; and excitement. The two groups did not differ in their level of depressive symptomatology. Conclusions:The aggressive group were overall more ill than the non-aggressive group, and the former could be distinguished from the latter by certain aspects of their psychopathology.

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