The Lewy-Body Variant of Alzheimer's Disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Förstl ◽  
Alistair Burns ◽  
Phil Luthert ◽  
Nigel Cairns ◽  
Raymond Levy
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Basal Nucleus ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Duration Of Illness

At post-mortem, Lewy bodies (LBs) were found in the brainstem and neocortex of eight out of 65 patients who had been collected during a prospective long-term study on clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease. All eight patients had accompanying Alzheimer pathology which was less severe than in a sample of eight age and sex-matched patients from the same study with neuropathologically verified Alzheimer's disease. Parkinsonian features were more common in patients with LBs. There were no particular differences in duration of illness, severity of cognitive impairment, presence of hallucinations, or fluctuations in the course of illness. Frontal cerebral atrophy was more marked in patients with LBs, as was the loss of neurons in the basal nucleus of Meynert and the substantia nigra. Cognitive performance correlated with the number of pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra. We conclude that the differential diagnosis of LB dementia should be considered in patients satisfying NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for Alzheimer-type dementia who show marked Parkinsonian features and a frontal accentuation of cerebral atrophy.

Age of Onset and Brain Atrophy in Alzheimer's Disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Inn Woo ◽  
Ju Han Kim ◽  
Jung Hie Lee
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Cerebral Degeneration

Using magnetic resonance imaging-based planimetry, we measured cortical and cerebral (cortical and ventricular) atrophy in 26 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (age, 72.2 ± 7.0) according to NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and 22 control subjects (age, 71.5 ± 5.4). AD patients exhibited greater cerebral atrophy (p < .05) than control subjects. Cerebral atrophy was significantly correlated with age (r = .72, p < .0005) in healthy volunteers but not in AD patients. In AD patients, age of onset was negatively correlated with the estimated rate of disease-attributed cerebral degeneration ([observed atrophy - atrophy in normal aging calculated from the regression equation derived from the control group]/[duration of illness]) (r = −.54, p < .005). Multiple regression with interaction analysis demonstrated that age, age of onset, and their interaction successfully explained cerebral (R2 = .51, p < .05) and cortical (R2 = .64, p < .05) atrophy in patients with probable AD. Age of onset may be a strong predictor of the rate of cerebral degeneration in AD, and our results suggest that controlling age and the age of onset is essential in the quantitative study of AD.

scholarly journals Detection of Lewy Bodies in Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome)

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Raghavan ◽  
Clare Khin-Nu ◽  
Andrew Brown ◽  
Dorothy Irving ◽  
Paul G. Ince ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Alzheimer Type

ABSTRACT:The presence of cortical senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles sufficient to warrant a neuropatho-logical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is well established in middle-aged individuals with Trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome). In contrast a relationship between Down's syndrome and Lewy bodies, one of the major neuropathological features of Parkinson's disease, has not been previously reported. In a cliniconeuropathological survey of 23 cases of Down's Syndrome, two patients, aged 50 and 56 years respectively, were found to have Lewy body formation in the substantia nigra in addition to cortical Alzheimer-type pathology. Neither case showed significant substantia nigra neuron loss although locus coeruleus loss was present in both. Since substantia nigra Lewy bodies are a characteristic neu-rohistological feature of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, their occurrence in cases of Down's syndrome with evidence of Alzheimer-type pathology supports an aetiopathological connection between Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Down's syndrome; and suggests that common pathogenic mechanisms may underlie aspects of neuronal degeneration in these three disorders, some of which may relate to aberrant chromosome 21 expression.

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis in Alzheimer's disease an insight into heterogeneity of cerebral atrophy

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S338-S338
Author(s):  
Akihiko Shiino ◽  
Toshiyuki Watanabe ◽  
Ichiro Akiguchi ◽  
Shigehiro Morikawa ◽  
Toshiro Inubushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Insight Into

Different Morphology of Neuritic Plaques in the Archicortex of Alzheimer’s Disease with Comorbid Synucleinopathy: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikol Jankovska ◽  
Tomas Olejar ◽  
Jaromir Kukal ◽  
Radoslav Matej
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Dystrophic Neurites ◽  
Neuritic Plaques ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Lewy Body Variant

Background: Bulbous neuritic changes in neuritic plaques have already been described, and their possible effect on the clinical course of the disease has been discussed. OBJECTIVE: In our study, we focused on the location and density of these structures in patients with only Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and patients with AD in comorbidity with synucleinopathies. Methods: Utilizing immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, we evaluated differences of neocortical and archicortical neuritic plaques and the frequency of bulbous changes in the archicortex of 14 subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 10 subjects with the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD/DLB), and 4 subjects with Alzheimer's disease with amygdala Lewy bodies (AD/ALB). Also, the progression and density of neuritic changes over the time course of the disease were evaluated. Results: We found structural differences in bulbous dystrophic neurites more often in AD/DLB and AD/ALB than in pure AD cases. The bulbous neuritic changes were more prominent in the initial and progressive phases and were reduced in cases with a long clinical course. Conclusion: Our results indicate that there is a prominent difference in the shape and composition of neocortical and archicortical neuritic plaques and, moreover, that bulbous neuritic changes can be observed at a higher rate in AD/DLB and AD/ALB subjects compared to pure AD subjects. This observation probably reflects that these subacute changes are more easily seen in the faster clinical course of AD patients with comorbidities.

Generalized Rhythmic Delta Activity Frontally Predominant Differentiates Dementia With Lewy Bodies From Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Dementia: A Conventional Electroencephalography Visual Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942199714
Author(s):  
Lucia Zinno ◽  
Anna Negrotti ◽  
Chiara Falzoi ◽  
Giovanni Messa ◽  
Matteo Goldoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Delta Activity ◽  
Rhythmic Delta Activity

Introduction. An easily accessible and inexpensive neurophysiological technique such as conventional electroencephalography may provide an accurate and generally applicable biomarker capable of differentiating dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease-associated dementia (PDD). Method. We carried out a retrospective visual analysis of resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recording of 22 patients with a clinical diagnosis of 19 probable and 3 possible DLB, 22 patients with probable AD and 21 with PDD, matched for age, duration, and severity of cognitive impairment. Results. By using the grand total EEG scoring method, the total score and generalized rhythmic delta activity frontally predominant (GRDAfp) alone or, even better, coupled with a slowing of frequency of background activity (FBA) and its reduced reactivity differentiated DLB from AD at an individual level with an high accuracy similar to that obtained with quantitative EEG (qEEG). GRDAfp alone could also differentiate DLB from PDD with a similar level of diagnostic accuracy. AD differed from PDD only for a slowing of FBA. The duration and severity of cognitive impairment did not differ between DLB patients with and without GRDAfp, indicating that this abnormal EEG pattern should not be regarded as a disease progression marker. Conclusions. The findings of this investigation revalorize the role of conventional EEG in the diagnostic workup of degenerative dementias suggesting the potential inclusion of GRDAfp alone or better coupled with the slowing of FBA and its reduced reactivity, in the list of supportive diagnostic biomarkers of DLB.

scholarly journals Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Precursors Improve Memory, Synaptic and Pathological Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1802
Author(s):  
Enrique Armijo ◽  
George Edwards ◽  
Andrea Flores ◽  
Jorge Vera ◽  
Mohammad Shahnawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Neural Precursors ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly population. The disease is characterized by progressive memory loss, cerebral atrophy, extensive neuronal loss, synaptic alterations, brain inflammation, extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and intracellular accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein. Many recent clinical trials have failed to show therapeutic benefit, likely because at the time in which patients exhibit clinical symptoms the brain is irreversibly damaged. In recent years, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been suggested as a promising cell therapy to recover brain functionality in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. To evaluate the potential benefits of iPSCs on AD progression, we stereotaxically injected mouse iPSC-derived neural precursors (iPSC-NPCs) into the hippocampus of aged triple transgenic (3xTg-AD) mice harboring extensive pathological abnormalities typical of AD. Interestingly, iPSC-NPCs transplanted mice showed improved memory, synaptic plasticity, and reduced AD brain pathology, including a reduction of amyloid and tangles deposits. Our findings suggest that iPSC-NPCs might be a useful therapy that could produce benefit at the advanced clinical and pathological stages of AD.

Quantitative gait analysis in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Merory ◽  
Joanne E. Wittwer ◽  
Christopher C. Rowe ◽  
Kate E. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Quantitative Gait Analysis
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