Psychosocial Factors, Arousal and Schizophrenic Relapse

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tarrier ◽  
G. Turpin
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Electrodermal Response ◽  
Psychophysiological Research ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Psychosocial Influences ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
Response Habituation

This annotation describes psychophysiological research that has examined the hypothesis that autonomic hyperarousal is a possible mediating factor between schizophrenic relapse and psychosocial influences such as expressed emotion (EE) and life events. We review several studies that have measured psychophysiological activity in schizophrenic patients while in the presence of their relatives. The findings from this area of research are compared with those of other psychophysiological studies of schizophrenia which have employed more traditional laboratory tasks such as the electrodermal response-habituation paradigm. Finally, some conclusions are drawn regarding the clinical implications of psychophysiological research, and areas for future investigation are suggested.

scholarly journals Factors associated with relapse of schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
AKM Akramul Haque ◽  
AHM Kazi Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Zinat De Laila ◽  
Luna Laila ◽  
Helal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric illness with high rate of relapse which is commonly associated with noncompliance of medicine, as well as stress and high expressed emotions. The objective of the study was to determine the factors of relapse among the schizophrenic patients attending in outpatient departments of three tertiary level psychiatric facilities in Bangladesh. This was a cross sectional study conducted from July, 2001 to June, 2002. Two hundred patients including both relapse and nonrelapse cases of schizophrenia and their key relatives were included by purposive sampling. The results showed no statistically significant difference in terms of relapse with age, sex, religion, residence, occupation and level of education (p>0.05), but statistically significant difference was found with marital status and economic status (p<0.01). The proportion of non-compliance was found to be 80% and 14%, of high expressed emotion was 17% and 2% and of the occurrence of stressful life events was 10% and 1% in relapse and non-relapse cases respectively which were statistically significant (p<0.001). The study indicated that stressful life events, high expressed emotion, and noncompliance with medication had a role in schizophrenic patients for its relapse.Bang J Psychiatry December 2015; 29(2): 59-63

The Interaction of Life Events and Relatives’ Expressed Emotion in Schizophrenia and Depressive Neurosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Leff ◽  
Christine Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Differential Vulnerability ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction ◽  
Low Rate

SummaryA history of life events in the three months before onset of illness was taken in a group of schizophrenic and a group of depressed neurotic in-patients. The Expressed Emotion (EE) of the patients’ key relatives was measured. There was no difference between the schizophrenic and depressed patients in the rate of events in the three month period before onset or in the proportion of undesirable events. However, the two groups exhibited significantly different patterns of interaction between life events and relatives’ EE. Schizophrenic patients living with high EE relatives had a low rate of life events compared with those living with low EE relatives, whereas depressives living with high criticism relatives had a high rate of events compared with those living with low criticism relatives. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to schizophrenic and depressive patients’ differential vulnerability to environmental stress.

Appraisal, psychological adjustment and expressed emotion in relatives of patients suffering from schizophrenia

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Barrowclough ◽  
Michael Parle
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Appraisal ◽  
Coping Theory ◽  
Secondary Appraisal ◽  
Multivariate Relationships ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Appraisal Processes

BackgroundIt is argued that coping theory may be useful in attempting to understand how relatives adapt to the demands of living with a schizophrenia sufferer.MethodIn a prospective study, univariate and multivariate relationships were explored between appraisal variables (appraisal of symptom threat (primary appraisal) and perceived symptom control (secondary appraisal)) and (a) expressed emotion, and (b) psychological distress in relatives of schizophrenic patients. The profile of relatives who showed sustained distress over time was also examined.ResultsThe appraisal variables were found to be related to both the concurrent distress (GHQ scores), EE ratings of relatives at the time of the patients relapse and hospitalisation, as well as the subsequent GHQ scores of relatives when the patient was discharged back home. Relatives who showed sustained distress were likely to show high EE and have a longer caring history.ConclusionsThe study gives some support to the theory that appraisal processes underlie how relatives react to having a family member with schizophrenia, and may have implications both for identifying those at risk of poor adaptation, and for understanding strategies that improve well-being.

Expressed emotion and relapse rates in schizophrenic patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
R. Cohen ◽  
T. Niedermeier ◽  
H. Watzl
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Relapse Rates

Subjective response to antipsychotics in schizophrenic patients: clinical implications and related factors

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Garcı́a Cabeza ◽  
M. Sanz Amador ◽  
C. Arango López ◽  
M. González de Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Life Events and Schizophrenia in Nigerians

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oye Gureje ◽  
A. Adewunmi
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Male Control ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Event Histories

Forty-two first-episode RDC schizophrenic patients were matched on sociodemographic variables with an equal number of control subjects. The life-event histories of both groups for 6 months before onset or interview were compared. Onset of illness was not preceded by an increase in life events. The only significant observation was that control subjects had experienced more events in the month previous to interview. These were reported mainly by male control subjects, involved the family, and were possibly related to the period when the control subjects were interviewed. The observations are discussed within the context of the Nigerian culture.

The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys. XI: Relatives' Expressed Emotion

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. McCreadie ◽  
L. J. Robertson ◽  
D. J. Hall ◽  
I. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Over Time

The level of expressed emotion (EE) in 32 relationships between relatives and schizophrenic patients was assessed on three separate occasions over five years. EE was high on all three occasions in 25% of relatives, low on all three in 38%, and fluctuating in 38%; that is, in the majority of relatives (63%) the level of EE was stable over time. Three relatives who had previously shown high EE had evidence of dementia at the time of the third assessment, and showed low EE. Fourteen patients relapsed at least once over five years; patients who relapsed were evenly spread throughout those living in a home in which EE was consistently high, consistently low, or fluctuating. However, patients living in low-EE homes who did relapse did so significantly less often than those who relapsed and were living in homes in which EE was high or fluctuating. At the time of relapse, EE was not consistently high, and some patients in consistently high-EE homes did not relapse at all over five years.

scholarly journals Substance use disorders and psychological trauma

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
Shaheen Shora ◽  
Elizabeth Stone ◽  
Keron Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
The Impact

Aims and MethodThe Impact of Events Scale was administered to 104 in-patients detoxing from alcohol or opiates to determine the prevalence of psychological trauma, the severity of its symptoms and the types of trauma responsible for symptoms.ResultsOut of the 104 in-patients undergoing detoxification, 75 had symptoms of psychological trauma; in 60 patients the symptoms were in the treatable range. Patients with alcohol-dependence were more severely affected. ‘Life events’ traumatised a higher proportion of individuals than ‘traumatic events’.Clinical ImplicationsPsychological trauma requiring treatment is commonly found in substance misusers. This is rarely addressed despite the cormorbid disorder running a complicated clinical course. There are conflicting opinions about best practice, but consideration should be given to providing patients with accessible treatments for psychological trauma.

A Trial of Family Therapy v. a Relatives Group for Schizophrenia

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Leff ◽  
Ruth Berkowitz ◽  
Naomi Shavit ◽  
Angus Strachan ◽  
Ilana Glass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Social Interventions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Therapy Sessions

Schizophrenic patients living in high contact with relatives having high expressed emotion (EE) were recruited for a trial of social interventions. The patients were maintained on neuroleptic medication, while their families were randomly assigned to education plus family therapy or education plus a relatives group. Eleven out of 12 families accepted family therapy in the home, whereas only six out of 11 families were compliant with the relatives group. Non-compliance was associated with a poorer outcome for the patients in terms of the relapse rate. The relapse rate over nine months in the family therapy stream was 8%, while that in compliant families in the relatives group stream was 17%. Patients' social functioning showed small, non-significant, gains. The data from the current trial were compared with data from a previous trial. The lowering of the relapse rate in schizophrenia appears to be mediated by reductions in relatives' EE and/or face-to-face contact, and is not explained by better compliance with medication. Reduction in EE and/or contact was associated with a minuscule relapse rate (5%). Very little change occurred in families who were non-compliant with the relatives group. On the basis of these findings, we recommend that the most cost-effective procedure is to establish relatives groups in conjunction with family education and one or more initial family therapy sessions in the home. It is particularly important to offer home visits to families who are unable to or refuse to attend the relatives groups.

Family Management Programmes for Schizophrenic Patients

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (S5) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Hahlweg ◽  
Eli Feinstein ◽  
Ursula Müller ◽  
Matthias Dose
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Family Management ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Schizophrenic Psychosis ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Family Variables ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Hypotheses on the relationship of schizophrenia and family variables have changed considerably over the last 15 years: whereas speculations on the causal role of familial interaction for the onset of schizophrenic psychosis previously dominated the field of psychological theorising and psychotherapy (Bateson et al, 1956), it was not possible to confirm these theories empirically. In accordance with the research on Expressed Emotion (EE), a shift in emphasis to the influence of family variables on the further course of the illness has taken place. As a consequence, promising new techniques have been developed for the prevention or postponement of relapse.

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