Psychopathology of People with Mental Handicap and Epilepsy III: Personality Disorder

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Deb ◽  
David Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Personality Score ◽  
Handicapped People ◽  
Personality Questionnaires ◽  
Made In

A group of 75 mildly to moderately mentally handicapped people with epilepsy, resident in both a hospital and the community, were studied together with an individually matched control group of non-epileptic patients. Their carers were interviewed to gather information for two observer-rated personality questionnaires, the Standardised Assessment of Personality (SAP) and the T-L Personality Behaviour Inventory. The two groups were compared with respect to the prevalence rates of various personalities. An abnormal personality score according to the SAP schedule was reported in 26% (n = 39) of the cohort, of which 28 (18.6% of the cohort) were personality disorders. A diagnosis of SAP abnormal personality was made in 46% of the in-patients and 6.5% of the community-based population. Of the cohort, 15% had an abnormal personality score according to the T-L schedule. No statistically significant difference emerged between the epileptic and the non-epileptic groups in the prevalence of either the SAP or T-L personality.

Psychopathology of People with Mental Handicap and Epilepsy I: Maladaptive Behaviour

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Deb ◽  
David Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Behaviour Problem ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviour ◽  
Handicapped People

One hundred and fifty mentally handicapped people (100 from hospital and 50 from the community) with epilepsy were studied along with an individually matched control group of 150 (100 from hospital and 50 from the community) non-epileptic mentally handicapped people. Behaviour was studied using the Profile of Abilities and Adjustment Schedule. Of the total population, 55.3% showed some type of severe behaviour problem. Although the epileptics showed slightly more severe behaviour problems than the non-epileptic group, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Some differences emerged between the groups when subgroups of epileptics were studied.

scholarly journals Effects of Nutrient Intake Timing on Post-Exercise Glycogen Accumulation and its Related Signaling Pathways in Mouse Skeletal Muscle

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahashi ◽  
Matsunaga ◽  
Banjo ◽  
Takahashi ◽  
Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Accumulation ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

We investigated the effects of nutrient intake timing on glycogen accumulation and its related signals in skeletal muscle after an exercise that did not induce large glycogen depletion. Male ICR mice ran on a treadmill at 25 m/min for 60 min under a fed condition. Mice were orally administered a solution containing 1.2 mg/g carbohydrate and 0.4 mg/g protein or water either immediately (early nutrient, EN) or 180 min (late nutrient, LN) after the exercise. Tissues were harvested at 30 min after the oral administration. No significant difference in blood glucose or plasma insulin concentrations was found between the EN and LN groups. The plantaris muscle glycogen concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the EN group—but not in the LN group—compared to the respective time-matched control group. Akt Ser473 phosphorylation was significantly higher in the EN group than in the time-matched control group (p < 0.01), while LN had no effect. Positive main effects of time were found for the phosphorylations in Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) Thr642 (p < 0.05), 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) Thr172 (p < 0.01), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase Ser79 (p < 0.01); however, no effect of nutrient intake was found for these. We showed that delayed nutrient intake could not increase muscle glycogen after endurance exercise which did not induce large glycogen depletion. The results also suggest that post-exercise muscle glycogen accumulation after nutrient intake might be partly influenced by Akt activation. Meanwhile, increased AS160 and AMPK activation by post-exercise fasting might not lead to glycogen accumulation.

scholarly journals Brain Volumetric Changes and Cognitive Functions in Epileptic Patients

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Ashour ◽  
A M A Nassef ◽  
E M Awad ◽  
A M Hazzou ◽  
M A Nada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Epilepsy is a serious common neurological disorder that can affect any age. Cognitive functions are highly prevalent in patients with epilepsy and is more likely to occur in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Associations were found between cognitive functions and brain volume loss in patients with epilepsy. Objective This work was carried out to assess the volumetric changes in brain of epileptic patients to use it as a biomarker for cognitive dysfunction in adult and adolescent patients with epilepsy. Patients and Methods A case control study was conducted to include 61 patients, 20 of which diagnosed with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), 21 with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 20 with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) who were selected from the epilepsy outpatient clinic in Ain Shams university hospitals along with 23 age and sex matched healthy controls. Both cases and control groups were subjected to Magnetic resonance imaging MRI brain volumetry and detailed cognitive testing. An informed consent was taken from each adult patient, guardian of adolescent patient and healthy control. Results Statistically significant difference in comprehension subcategory of the Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS) between patients with IGE and healthy controls denoting poorer social judgment in the IGE group. The IGE group also showed poorer performance in digit symbol subcategory of the same test denoting worse psychomotor speed and sustained attention. Also, significant difference in similarities subcategory was found between TLE group and control group denoting poorer abstract thinking among the TLE group. The IGE and TLE groups also showed lower attention and concentration than control group in the mental control subcategory of the Wechsler memory scale (WMS) yet failed to show superiority over each other. No statistically significant difference was found on comparing the whole brain volume between cases and control groups. A statistically significant direct relationship was found between the arithmetic subcategory of WAIS and the whole brain volume of the patients among the patients of the FLE group. Conclusion Patients with IGE had worse psychomotor speed, sustained attention and concentration than healthy controls in addition to poorer social judgment. Also, patients with TLE showed lower attention and concentration together with poorer abstract thinking despite normal IQ. The study also concluded that increased whole brain volume in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy is associated with better mathematical problem solving.

scholarly journals Educational attainment of children born to mothers with epilepsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arron S Lacey ◽  
William Owen Pickrell ◽  
Rhys H Thomas ◽  
Mike P Kerr ◽  
Cathy P White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stage 1

ObjectiveSmall prospective studies have identified that children exposed to valproate in utero have poorer scores on cognitive testing. We wanted to identify whether children exposed to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in utero have poorer school performance.MethodsWe used anonymised, linked, routinely collected healthcare records to identify children born to mothers with epilepsy. We linked these children to their national attainment Key Stage 1 (KS1) tests in mathematics, language and science at the age of 7 and compared them with matched children born to mothers without epilepsy, and with the national KS1 results. We used the core subject indicator (CSI) as an outcome measure (the proportion of children achieving a minimum standard in all subjects) and the results in individual subjects.ResultsWe identified 440 children born to mothers with epilepsy with available KS1 results. Compared with a matched control group, fewer children with mothers being prescribed sodium valproate during pregnancy achieved the national minimum standard in CSI (−12.7% less than the control group), mathematics (−12.1%), language (−10.4%) and in science (−12.2%). Even fewer children with mothers being prescribed multiple AEDs during pregnancy achieved a national minimum standard: CSI (by −20.7% less than the control group), mathematics (−21.9%), language (−19.3%) and science (−19.4%). We did not observe any significant difference in children whose mothers were prescribed carbamazepine or were not taking an AED when compared with the control group.ConclusionsIn utero exposure to AEDs in combination, or sodium valproate alone, is associated with a significant decrease in attainment in national educational tests for 7-year-old children compared with both a matched control group and the all-Wales national average. These results give further support to the cognitive and developmental effects of in utero exposure to sodium valproate as well as multiple AEDs, which should be balanced against the need for effective seizure control for women during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Gerbera Çiçeklerinin Vazo Ömrü Üzerinde Ceviz Çayı ve Mikrokapsüle Emdirilmiş Lavanta Yağının Etkisi

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2560-2564
Author(s):  
Güzella Yılmaz ◽  
Hakan Karadağ
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Lavender Oil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Made In

In the study, it was aimed to increase the vase life of Basic, Ulaş and Terra Ozan cultivars of Gerbera sp. For this purpose, microcapsules containing lavender oil (1000 and 1500 ppm) and naturally obtained walnut tea (33% and 50%) were used. Sucrose (4%) was added to all vase solutions, including the control group solutions. The experiment was set up with 3 replications (three vases) for each treatment and one flower per replication. As a result of the experiment, it was observed that both walnut tea and lavender treatments did not cause a significant change in the vase life of the Terra Ozan cultivars. In the Basic cultivar, the vase life of the flowers in the solution containing lavender oil was longer than that in the solution containing walnut tea, but both treatments did not make a significant difference compared to the control. In Ulaş, both walnut tea and lavender oil applications caused significant increases in the vase life of the flowers. The applications made in the study caused significant changes in the water intake of the flower stems. The treatments that increase the water intake also increased the vase life.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF RETAINED FETAL MEMBRANE BY USING VARIOUS DRUGS IMMEDIATELY AFTER PARTURITION IN COWS

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Azad ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
B. Sinha ◽  
M. M. Shamsuddin ◽  
F. Y. Bari
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Fetal Membrane ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of the study was to investigate for the effect of different drugs immediately after parturition on the reduction of retention of placenta in selected cows. One hundred pregnant cows from members of Community Based Dairy Veterinary Foundation, Shikalbaha, Potiya, Chittagong were included in this study belonged to two breeds viz, cross bred and local, aged 3-8 years, calved 1-5 times with BCS 2-3.5. The cows were divided into five groups; group L (n=20) treated with oxytocin 50 iu/intramuscular, group IL (n=20) treated with calcium 400 ml/intravenous, group III: (n=20) treated with methyl ergometrine maleate 20 mg/intramuscular, group IV: (n=20) treated with oxytocin 50 iu/ intramuscular plus calcium 400 ml/ intravenous and group V: (n=20) served as non-treated control. The incidence of retained fetal membrane was 35% in control group, while that of pooled treatment group had 15%. This reduction was significant (P<0.05). In the present study, there was no significant difference among the different treatment groups on the prevention of retention (P>0.05). The incidence of retained fetal membrane was affected by the age and breed of cows (P<0.05). However, this effect was override by treatment and injection of drugs immediately after parturition decreases the incidence of retention of placenta in cows.

scholarly journals Does Having a Rotator Cuff Repair Before Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Influence Outcomes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596712094277
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Erickson ◽  
Daphne Ling ◽  
Alexandra Wong ◽  
Joshua S. Dines ◽  
David M. Dines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Total Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis

Background: The number of rotator cuff repairs (RCRs) is increasing each year. Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is a successful treatment option for patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis with a functioning rotator cuff. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purposes of this study were to report the outcomes of TSA in patients with ipsilateral RCR and determine whether patients with a history of ipsilateral RCR who subsequently underwent TSA had differences in outcomes compared with matched controls who underwent TSA with no history of RCR. We hypothesized that patients with prior RCR will have significant improvements in clinical outcome scores, with no difference in outcomes after TSA compared with those with no prior RCR. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients eligible for inclusion were those with a history of prior RCR who underwent TSA at a single institution with a minimum 2-year follow-up between 2000 and 2015. Outcomes for this group, including American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, were reported and then compared with a matched control group of patients who underwent TSA with no history of prior RCR. Controls were matched based on age, sex, and preoperative ASES score. Results: Overall, 14 patients (64% males; mean ± SD age, 65.1 ± 11.1 years) underwent prior ipsilateral RCR before TSA. ASES scores significantly improved from 42.9 to 78.5 at 2 years and to 86.6 at 5 years. When compared with 42 matched control patients (matched 1:3) who underwent TSA with no history of RCR, there was no significant difference in ASES scores at 2 years (78.5 vs 85.3; P = .19) and 5 years (86.6 vs 90.9; P = .72) between the prior RCR and no RCR groups. Conclusion: TSA in patients with a history of prior ipsilateral RCR led to significant improvements in clinical outcomes. No difference in clinical outcomes at 2 or 5 years after TSA was found between patients with and without a history of prior ipsilateral RCR.

scholarly journals Elevated echocardiographic markers for left atrial stiffness and fibrosis in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bastos ◽  
F Al-Khalili ◽  
M Back ◽  
A Manouras ◽  
J Engdahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Intensity Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Danderyds Hospital Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with atrial disease expressing left atrial (LA) structural remodeling with increased fibrosis and stiffness. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the first imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of LA volume index (LAVI) and function. However TTE allows new approaches for LA anatomical and functional analysis such as LA stiffness index (LASI) calculation based on LA global longitudinal strain (GLS), LA activation time and LA Integrated Backscatter (IBS). LA activation time is a novel parameter, considered as an echocardiographic surrogate analysis for LA fibrosis. Echocardiographic derived IBS can noninvasively quantify myocardial fibrosis in the left ventricle, allowing a similar alternative analysis for LA fibrosis. Purpose To investigate potential  LA structural and functional changes in paroxysmal AF patients by measuring LA activation time, LASI and LA IBS compared with age-matched control group. Methods In total, 75 paroxysmal AF patients and 99 age-matched control group patients (mean age 77 ± 0.4) were enrolled from STROKESTOP2 study. Patients with paroxysmal AF were included from a subgroup of newly screened-diagnosed AF. TTE examinations were analyzed retrospectively offline using dedicated software. NTproBNP levels ( ≤ 900 ng/L) was an enrollment criterium. LA activation time was acquired by measuring the time delay between the onset of the P-wave on ECG and the peak of the Á –wave on the Tissue Doppler (TD) tracing in the lateral LA wall. LASI was calculated as the ratio of E/é to LA-GLS. LA IBS was obtained as the intensity difference between the LA lateral wall and the pericardium, at QRS peak. Results There was a significant increase of LASI (0.53 ± 0.21 vs. 0.41 ± 0.22, P &lt; 0.05) and LA IBS (14 ± 7.1 dB vs. 11 ± 6.3 dB, P &lt; 0.05) in the AF group compared to the control group. Feasibility for LASI resulted as 64 %, respectively 91 % for LA IBS. LA activation time was significantly prolonged in the AF group (157 ± 34 ms vs. 134 ± 18 ms, P &lt; 0.05) with a feasibility of 44 %. In the AF group, 45 patients (60 %) expressed normal LAVI &lt;34 ml/m2. No significant difference was revealed concerning LAVI (P &gt; 0.05) between the groups (AF group with normal LAVI). Although LASI, LA IBS and LA activation time remained significant increased in the AF group (P &lt; 0.05). No significant difference was shown regarding NT-proBNP levels. (P &gt; 0.05) between the AF group 243 (179-420) ng/L and the control group 219 (160-317) ng/L. Conclusions Indices reflecting LA stiffness and echocardiographic parameters associated with LA fibrosis, were elevated in patients with paroxysmal AF compared to age-matched controls. These findigs might non-invasively provide additional information in paroxysmal AF patients with normal LA size.

scholarly journals The Effect of 5A Self-management Program on Medication Adherence of Epileptic Patients in During the COVID – 19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyede Fateme Moosavimoghadam ◽  
Ali Dehghani ◽  
Rasool Eslami Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Adherence to medication adherence plays a vital role in controlling the problems and complications of epilepsy. During the COVID – 19 pandemic and limitations of face-to-face education, the use of distance education can play an important role in providing education to patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is the effect of model 5A self-management training on medication adherence in epileptic patients.Methods: In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 56 epilepsy patients referred to Shiraz Namazi Hospital were divided into intervention and control groups using random allocation. Thereafter, 5A self - management training sessions were virtually held in 5 sessions in WhatsApp application for intervention group. The data collection tool was Morisky medication adherence scale at two stages of before and two months after intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software.Results: The results of Wilcoxon test showed that in intervention group, the mean drug adherence in patients after intervention significantly increased compared to before intervention (p = 0.005). But in control group, this was not significant (p = 0.909). According to results of Mann-Whitney test, there was no significant difference between intervention and control groups before intervention (p = 0.632). However, by passing two months from intervention, a significant difference was found between intervention and control groups (p = 0.041).Conclusion: Based on results, the implementation of Model 5A can be effective on medication adherence in epilepsy patients. This program can be considered as a suitable method in epileptic patients in during COVID – 19 pandemic.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS ON SERUM THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-146
Author(s):  
NEETHU T T ◽  
SYAM S ◽  
BEENA V ◽  
DHANYA S P
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Objective: Antiepileptic (AED) drugs are an integral component of the management of seizure disorder; however, they have a wide spectrum of adverse effects. It is important to be aware of these side effects as they have a major impact on the quality of life and are sometimes partially reversible after drug discontinuation. Among them, the influence of AED on thyroid function is an important one. However, there is only limited data available. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of AED on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1-year duration (march 2017 – march 2018) was conducted among 150 epileptic patients receiving phenytoin, carbamazepine, and sodium valproate for more than 6 months in a tertiary care center in central Kerala. Serum levels of TSH of patients on AED were compared with that of 50 healthy age- and sex-matched control groups. Data regarding the same were analyzed using SPSS version 16 with the Chi-square test, ANOVA, and independent t-test. Results: A total of 150 epileptic patients with a mean age of 35.54 + 10.72, including 66 males (44%) and 84 females (56%) were enrolled in this study. Fifty adults of mean age 36.5+ 8.4 and male to female ratio 1.10:1 formed the control group. It was found that the mean TSH value of patients on phenytoin (3.97+ 1.47), carbamazepine (3.57+ 1.44), and sodium valproate 3.03 + 1.41 significantly higher than that of the control group (1.91 + 0.72). On comparing the mean serum TSH of the drug group significant difference noted between phenytoin and sodium valproate treated group. Among the 12 patients develop subclinical hypothyroidism 65% taking drugs for more than 5 years. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the use of anticonvulsants and thyroid dysfunction and the association increases with the duration of therapy. The clinicians should be encouraged for regular monitoring of thyroid function test to impart a better quality of life to the patients.

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