Plasma Levels of Fluphenazine in Patients Receiving Fluphenazine Decanoate Relationship to Clinical Response

1991 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Marder ◽  
Kamal K. Midha ◽  
Theodore Van Putten ◽  
Manickam Aravagiri ◽  
Edward M. Hawes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Fluphenazine Decanoate ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Steady State Plasma Level

The levels of fluphenazine and fluphenazine sulphoxide in schizophrenic patients who were randomly assigned to receive either 5 mg or 25 mg of fluphenazine decanoate every two weeks were monitored. Patients treated with 25 mg of fluphenazine decanoate required three months to reach a steady-state plasma level, indicating that those patients who are being converted from oral to depot fluphenazine should continue to receive oral supplementation during the first three months of treatment with fluphenazine decanoate. Plasma levels of fluphenazine sulphoxide were lower than levels of fluphenazine. At six and nine months following randomisation, there was a statistically significant relationship between lower fluphenazine plasma levels and an increased risk of psychotic exacerbations. A relatively weak relationship was found between fluphenazine plasma levels and akinesia, but non-significant relationships between fluphenazine levels and other neurological side-effects including akathisia, retardation, and tardive dyskinesia. Monitoring the plasma levels may be helpful to clinicians who are attempting to treat stabilised patients with the lowest effective dose of fluphenazine decanoate.

scholarly journals Hyperhomocysteinemia in developing age and nutritional aspects of folates: an early cardiovascular risk factor

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Caramia ◽  
Romualdo Belardinelli
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Ischemic Events ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Documented Coronary Artery Disease

elevated plasma levels of homocysteine are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular ischemic events. Despite this evidence, however, there are still concerns about the mechanisms(s) by which homocysteine exerts its pro-atherogenic effect, and it is unclear whether the decreased plasma levels of homocysteine through diet or drugs may be paralleled by a reduction in cardiovascular risk. Experimental studies have shown that many possible mechanisms are implicated in the pro-atherogenic effect of homocysteine. Endothelial function is altered in subjects with hyperhomocysteinemia, and endothelial dysfunction is correlated with plasma levels of homocysteine. Exercise training reduces plasma levels of homocysteine and improves endothelial function, however without evidence of a better outcome. Larger studies are needed in order to demonstrate that the reduction of plasma levels of homocysteine by oral supplementation with folates and vitamins B6 and B12 translates into a decreased incidence of ischemic events, in particular in patients with documented coronary artery disease and ischemic encephalopathy.

Diurnal Fluctuations in Free and Total Steady-State Plasma Levels of Carbamazepine and Correlation with Intermittent Side Effects

Epilepsia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Riva ◽  
Fiorenzo Albani ◽  
Giovanni Ambrosetto ◽  
Manuela Contin ◽  
Pietro Cortelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuations ◽  
State Plasma

Observations on the Dose Regime of Fluphenazine Decanoate in Maintenance Therapy of Schizophrenia

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Fluphenazine Decanoate ◽  
Dose Regime ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

SummaryAn analysis of the drug regimes prescribed to two separate groups of unselected schizophrenic patients indicates certain trends of clinical importance. The results demonstrate a need for the adoption of a personalized dose regime. The scatter of dose regimes found effective is too great to recommend a standardized approach to the prescription of L.A.P. injections.Two other results of particular significance are that the dose of drug required to control symptoms can be gradually reduced in nearly half of patients, and that helpful trends in prescribing were identified that will help the clinician to abolish side-effects.

Biperiden and Haloperidol Plasma Levels and Extrapyramidal Side Effects in Schizophrenic Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Meszaros ◽  
Elisabeth Lenzinger ◽  
Kurt Hornik ◽  
Georg Schönbeck ◽  
Reinhold Hatzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Clozapine serum levels and side effects during steady state treatment of schizophrenic patients: a cross-sectional study

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Olesen ◽  
K. Thomsen ◽  
P. N. Jensen ◽  
R. Rosenberg ◽  
C. H. Wulff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

A Double-Blind Comparison of Fluspirilene and Fluphenazine Decanoate in Schizophrenia

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 593-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Russell ◽  
J. Landmark ◽  
H. Merskey ◽  
T. Turpin
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fluphenazine Decanoate ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Blind Comparison

A double-blind comparison of fluspirilene and fluphenazine decanoate in 28 schizophrenic patients over six months showed equal improvement and the same incidence of side-effects in each group of patients. It would be expected from the literature that a better ratio of therapeutic to side-effects would appear with fluspirilene than with fluphenazine. The absence of such an effect in this study may be attributable to an initial lack of familiarity by the investigators with the use of fluspirilene, indicating an important potential variable in the comparison of a new drug with an established one.

The Antiaggressive Action of Combined Haloperidol-Propranolol Treatment in Schizophrenia

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadi Maoz ◽  
Daniel Stein ◽  
Sorin Meged ◽  
Larisa Kurzman ◽  
Joseph Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Propranolol Group ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Propranolol Treatment ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Haloperidol Treatment ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Drug Free

Psychopharmacological interventions for managing aggression in schizophrenia have thus far yielded inconsistent results. This study evaluates the antiaggressive efficacy of combined haloperidol-propranolol treatment. Thirty-four newly admitted schizophrenic patients were studied in a controlled double-blind trial. Following a 3-day drug-free period and 7 days of haloperidol treatment, patients were randomly assigned to receive either haloperidol-propranolol or haloperidol-placebo for eight consecutive weeks. Doses of medications were adjusted as necessary; biperiden was administered if required. Rating scales were applied to assess aggression, anger, psychosis, depression, anxiety and extrapyramidal symptoms. The mean daily dose of haloperidol was 21 mg (SD = 6.4) in the research group and 29 mg (SD = 6.9) in the controls. Mean and maximal daily doses of propranolol were 159 mg (SD = 61) and 192 mg (SD = 83), and of placebo, 145 mg (SD = 50) and 180 mg (SD = 70), respectively. Compared with the controls, the scores for the research patients decreased significantly from baseline, particularly after 4 weeks of treatment, for some dimensions of anger, psychosis, anxiety, and neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. A tendency for reduced aggression was shown in the combined haloperidol-propranolol group for some dimensions but not others. These patients also required significantly less biperiden. The tendency toward elevated antiaggressive effect of combined haloperidol-propranolol treatment compared to haloperidol alone may be explained by a simultaneous decrease in aggression, psychotic symptomatology, and anxiety.

Epidemiological Evidence that Maternal Influenza Contributes to the Aetiology of Schizophrenia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Adams ◽  
R. E. Kendell ◽  
E. H. Hare ◽  
P. Munk-Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Monthly Incidence ◽  
Maternal Influenza

The epidemiological evidence that the offspring of women exposed to influenza in pregnancy are at increased risk of schizophrenia is conflicting. In an attempt to clarify the issue we explored the relationship between the monthly incidence of influenza (and measles) in the general population and the distribution of birth dates of three large series of schizophrenic patients - 16 960 Scottish patients born in 1932–60; 22 021 English patients born in 1921–60; and 18 723 Danish patients born in 1911–65. Exposure to the 1957 epidemic of A2 influenza in midpregnancy was associated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia, at least in females, in all three data sets. We also confirmed the previous report of a statistically significant long-term relationship between patients' birth dates and outbreaks of influenza in the English series, with time lags of - 2 and - 3 months (the sixth and seventh months of pregnancy). Despite several other negative studies by ourselves and others we conclude that these relationships are probably both genuine and causal; and that maternal influenza during the middle third of intrauterine development, or something closely associated with it, is implicated in the aetiology of some cases of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Association of Urinary and Plasma Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) with Foods

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1426
Author(s):  
Mauro Lombardo ◽  
Giovanni Aulisa ◽  
Daniele Marcon ◽  
Gianluca Rizzo ◽  
Maria Grazia Tarsisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Saltwater Fish ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mediator Role ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) may play a key mediator role in the relationship between the diet, gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in people with kidney failure. The aim of this review is to evaluate which foods have a greater influence on blood or urinary trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels. Methods: 391 language articles were screened, and 27 were analysed and summarized for this review, using the keywords “TMAO” AND “egg” OR “meat” OR “fish” OR “dairy” OR “vegetables” OR “fruit” OR “food” in December 2020. Results: A strong correlation between TMAO and fish consumption, mainly saltwater fish and shellfish, but not freshwater fish, has been demonstrated. Associations of the consumption of eggs, dairy and meat with TMAO are less clear and may depend on other factors such as microbiota or cooking methods. Plant-based foods do not seem to influence TMAO but have been less investigated. Discussion: Consumption of saltwater fish, dark meat fish and shellfish seems to be associated with an increase in urine or plasma TMAO values. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between increased risk of cardiovascular disease and plasma levels of TMAO due to fish consumption. Interventions coupled with long-term dietary patterns targeting the gut microbiota seem promising.

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