Panic Attacks in Chronic Schizophrenia

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Argyle
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Of 20 patients attending a clinic for maintenance therapy of schizophrenia, seven had regular panic attacks, and these were often associated with agoraphobia and social phobia. Similar fears and avoidance in other cases were associated with paranoid ideas and negative symptoms. The relationship of panic to psychotic symptoms varied greatly. In two patients neuroleptics were associated with an increase in panic attacks.

Duration of untreated psychosis: a critical examination of the concept and its importance

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSS M. G. NORMAN ◽  
ASHOK K. MALLA
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The concept of duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has recently attracted much interest because of its possible relationship to treatment outcome and implications for preventive efforts with reference to psychotic disorders, especially schizophrenia. In this paper we review critically the literature concerning the concept and its importance.Methods. Articles concerned with measuring DUP and those that have been suggested to provide indirect or direct evidence of the effect of DUP on treatment outcome are reviewed.Results. Evidence thus far suggests that DUP may be related to ease of reducing psychotic symptoms once treatment begins for first episode patients, but there is no evidence of a relationship to likelihood of relapse. There has been little investigation of the relationship of DUP to other long-term outcomes such as negative symptoms and cognitive functioning neither have the possible confounds of DUP been widely investigated or controlled.Conclusions. It is important that there should be more thorough investigations of DUP, its correlates, and the extent to which it does mediate any advantages of earlier intervention.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of Transferrin Gene Impacts the Mediating Effects of Psychotic Symptoms on the Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Cognition in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia

Antioxidants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Pinhong Chen ◽  
Dongmei Wang ◽  
Meihong Xiu ◽  
Dachun Chen ◽  
Blake Lackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Transferrin Gene ◽  
Tf Gene ◽  
The Relationship

A series of studies indicated that iron distribution that partly derives from transferrin-bound iron in the peripheral nervous system in the brain may act in processes such as myelination and brain development. However, the relationship between schizophrenia, its psychotic symptoms, and the transferrin (TF) gene has not been systematically explored. Our study aimed to investigate how a particular polymorphism of the transferrin gene, rs3811655, affects the superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), psychotic symptoms, cognition, or the mediation model between antioxidant enzymes and cognition via symptoms. A total of 564 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 468 healthy control subjects were recruited. The psychotic symptoms and cognition were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), respectively. Furthermore, the serum SOD, MDA activity, and transferrin gene polymorphism were measured in patients. Our results demonstrated that patients with the G allele possessed more severe negative symptoms, worse cognitive performance with respect to attention, and higher serum Mn-SOD activity. Additionally, the rs3811655 polymorphism may act as a moderator in the association between Cu/Zn-SOD activity and cognition, as well as psychotic symptoms in patients suffering from schizophrenia. According to this study, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3811655 polymorphism may fail to contribute to the susceptibility of schizophrenia in an individual but is involved in the iron-induced oxidative stress disturbance and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. This deepens our understanding of the critical role of iron-induced oxidative stress that might underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Evaluation of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Andreasen ◽  
William M. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Subsequent Investigation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

SummaryMost investigators concur that schizophrenia is probably a heterogeneous group of disorders that share the common features of psychotic symptoms, partial response to neuroleptics, and a relatively poor outcome. The subdivision of schizophrenia into two subtypes, positive versus negative, has achieved wide acceptance throughout the world during recent years. This distinction has heuristic and theoretical appeal because it unites phenomenology, pathophysiology, and etiology into a single comprehensive hypothesis.In spite of its wide appeal, the distinction has a number of problems. These include the failure to distinguish between symptom syndromes and diseases; failure to deal with the mixed patient; failure to take longitudinal course into account; and failure to address conceptually and methodologically the distinction between positive and negative symptoms.This paper focuses primarily on the conceptual basis for two instruments designed to measure positive and negative symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), originally described in 1982. Since their description, these scales have been used in a variety of other centers. These scales are based on the hypothesis that negative symptoms represent a deficit or diminution in normal psychological functions wliile positive symptoms represent an excess or distortion of normal functions. Reliability data are now available from Italy, Spain, and Japan which suggest that these scales can be used reliably in cultural settings outside the United States. The results of these studies are summarized in this paper. In addition, a replication study involving a new sample of 117 schizophrenics collected at the University of Iowa is described. In this second study of the SANS and SAPS, internal consistency is found to be quite high in the SANS. Thus negative symptoms appear to be more internally correlated with one another than are positive symptoms. The implications of this result are discussed. A principal components analysis is used to explore the relationship between positive and negative symptoms. While the study reported in 1982 suggested that positive and negative symptoms are negatively correlated, in the present study they appear to be uncorrelated. Overall, the results suggest that the SANS and SAPS are useful comprehensive instruments for the evaluation of positive and negative symptoms. The relationship between these symptoms and external validators such as cognitive functioning or CT scan abnormalities will be reported in a subsequent investigation.

ARE SOME TYPES OF PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS MORE RESPONSIVE TO COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOUR THERAPY?

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Tarrier ◽  
Caroline Kinney ◽  
Ellis McCarthy ◽  
Anja Wittkowski ◽  
Lawrence Yusupoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Supportive Counselling

Results are presented from a randomized controlled trial indicating which psychotic symptoms respond to cognitive behaviour therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate whether different types of psychotic symptoms are more or less responsive to cognitive-behaviour therapy compared to treatment received by control groups. Seventy-two patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia who experienced persistent positive psychotic symptoms were assessed at baseline and randomized to either cognitive-behaviour therapy and routine care, supportive counselling and routine care, or routine care alone and were re-assessed after 3 months of treatment (post-treatment). Independent and blind assessment of outcome indicated delusions significantly improved with both cognitive behaviour therapy and supportive counselling compared to routine care. Hallucinations significantly decreased with cognitive-behaviour therapy compared to supportive counselling. There was no difference in the percentage change of hallucinations compared to delusions in patients treated by cognitive behaviour therapy. There was little change in measures of affective symptoms but there was no evidence that a reduction in positive symptoms was associated with an increase in depres sion. In fact, a reduction in positive symptoms was positively correlated with a reduction in depression. There were significant differences in the reductions in thought disorder and negative symptoms with an advantage of cognitive-behaviour therapy compared to routine care.

scholarly journals Reduced loss aversion in subclinical negative symptoms and hypomania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Klaus ◽  
Justin Chumbley ◽  
Erich Seifritz ◽  
Stefan Kaiser ◽  
Matthias Hartmann-Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Binary Choices ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavioral Phenomenon ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

AbstractLoss aversion is a behavioral phenomenon that describes a higher sensitivity to losses than to gains and influences decisions. Decision-making is altered in several psychopathologic states, such as in the two symptom dimensions of hypomania and negative symptoms. It has been argued that progress in our understanding of psychopathology requires a reorientation from the traditional, syndrome-based perspective to a more detailed study of individual constituent symptoms. In the present study, we made careful efforts to dissociate the relationship of loss aversion to negative symptoms, from its relationship with hypomanic symptoms. We selected a sample of 45 subjects from a healthy student population (n = 835) according to psychopathologic scales for hypomania and negative symptoms and stratified them into a control group (n = 15), a subclinical hypomania group (n = 15) and a negative symptoms group (n = 15). Participants completed a loss aversion task consisting of forced binary choices between a monetary gamble and a riskless choice with no gain or loss. We found, that these two symptom dimensions of hypomania and negative symptoms have a similar inverse relation to loss aversion as demonstrated by analysis of variance. Further research is warranted to describe the underlying psychological and neurobiological mechanisms at play. Given the partially opposing nature of hypomania and negative symptoms it further needs to be elucidated whether they are linked to loss aversion via dissociable mechanisms.

scholarly journals Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Psychiatric Illness: Redefining the Relationship

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Masoud
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship

Physicians who encounter patients in the emergency department with chest pain, palpitations, or shortness of breath may often find it difficult to differentiate diagnosis of panic attacks from acute coronary syndrome or Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. Redefining and understanding the pathophysiological relationship of psychiatric illness including anxiety, depression, or panic attacks and Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy may help clinicians implement a more effective and beneficial model of care for this affliction that is being found to be increasingly more common in today’s age.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Parenting Styles to Social Phobia among Early Adolescent Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Esraa J. Hamdan ◽  
Ahmad Y. Al-Jawarneh
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Authoritative Parenting ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Permissive Parenting ◽  
Authoritative Parenting Style ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed at investigating the relationship of parenting styles with social phobia among a sample of 1028 early adolescent students. To achieve the objective of the study, short forms of the parenting styles scale and a social phobia scale were used.Results showed that the participants' highest scores were on the father's authoritative and mother's authoritative parenting styles. In addition, there were significant interactions between gender and grade level on all parenting styles. The results also showed statistically significant differences in social phobia due to gender, grade level and the interaction between them, for gender was females scored higher than males. With regard to grade level seventh graders scored higher than eighth graders.The results indicated that there were significant relationships between parenting styles and social phobia, with the exception of the relationship between mother's authoritative parenting style and social phobia. Regarding the parenting styles predicting social phobia by gender, it was found that for males and females, the predictive parenting styles were: Mother's permissive parenting style and father's authoritarian parenting style. Regarding the parenting styles predicting social phobia by grade level, it was found that for seventh grade, the predictive styles were: Mother's permissive parenting style, father's permissive parenting style and father's authoritative parenting style, respectively. For eighth grade, the predictive styles were: Father's permissive parenting style, mother's permissive parenting style and father's authoritarian parenting style. 

scholarly journals The Self and Its Prolonged Intrinsic Neural Timescale in Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Northoff ◽  
Karl Erik Sandsten ◽  
Julie Nordgaard ◽  
Troels Wesenberg Kjaer ◽  
Josef Parnas
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
The Self ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Power Law Exponent ◽  
Moderation Model ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Reference ◽  
Self Disorder

Abstract Schizophrenia (SCZ) can be characterized as a basic self-disorder that is featured by abnormal temporal integration on phenomenological (experience) and psychological (information processing) levels. Temporal integration on the neuronal level can be measured by the brain’s intrinsic neural timescale using the autocorrelation window (ACW) and power-law exponent (PLE). Our goal was to relate intrinsic neural timescales (ACW, PLE), as a proxy of temporal integration on the neuronal level, to temporal integration related to self-disorder on psychological (Enfacement illusion task in electroencephalography) and phenomenological (Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience [EASE]) levels. SCZ participants exhibited prolonged ACW and higher PLE during the self-referential task (Enfacement illusion), but not during the non-self-referential task (auditory oddball). The degree of ACW/PLE change during task relative to rest was significantly reduced in self-referential task in SCZ. A moderation model showed that low and high ACW/PLE exerted differential impact on the relationship of self-disorder (EASE) and negative symptoms (PANSS). In sum, we demonstrate abnormal prolongation in intrinsic neural timescale during self-reference in SCZ including its relation to basic self-disorder and negative symptoms. Our results point to abnormal relation of self and temporal integration at the core of SCZ constituting a “common currency” of neuronal, psychological, and phenomenological levels.

Serious sex offending against women by men with schizophrenia

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Smith ◽  
Pamela J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Sex Offending ◽  
Home Office ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
First Sex ◽  
Sex Offences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundLittle is known about men who commit sex offences in the context of psychosis.AimsTo examine the relationship of illness and psychotic symptoms to sex offending in men with schizophrenia.MethodA search of Home Office records was completed for all 84 male restricted hospital order in-patients with schizophrenia, resident in any hospital in England and Wales during May 1997, with an index conviction for a contact sex offence against a woman.ResultsAt the time of their index offences 80 men were psychotic and half of them had delusions or hallucinations related to the offences. Specific delusional or hallucinatory drive was pertinent in only 18 men but the majority of men committed their first sex offence after onset of schizophrenia. Exclusive sex offending was uncommon.ConclusionsWhen a man with schizophrenia commits a serious sex offence the illness is, more commonly than not, relevant to that offence even though a direct symptom relationship may be relatively unusual.

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