The Effect of Lithium on Cation Transport Measuredin vivoin Patients Suffering from Bipolar Affective Illness

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Wood ◽  
M. Elphick ◽  
J. K. Aronson ◽  
D. G. Grahame-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cation Transport ◽  
Rubidium Chloride ◽  
Matched Group ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Rubidium Accumulation ◽  
Manic Patients

We have investigated cation transportin vivoin patients being treated with lithium for bipolar affective illness by studying the disposition of rubidium after an oral load of rubidium chloride. The rate of erythrocyte cation transport was increased in the patients when compared with matched healthy volunteers. However, the rate ofin-vivoerythrocyte rubidium accumulation in the euthymic treated patients was significantly lower than in a matched group of unmedicated manic patients. The regulation of specific pathways for cation transport may be altered in individuals predisposed to affective illness.

Measurement of cation transport in vivo in healthy volunteers after the oral administration of lithium carbonate

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Wood ◽  
A. Viswalingam ◽  
P. Glue ◽  
J. K. Aronson ◽  
D. G. Grahame-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cation Transport ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Cells

1. We have measured cation transport in vivo in seven healthy volunteers under control conditions and after they had taken lithium carbonate for 21 days in doses which maintained the serum lithium concentration in the range 0.6–0.8 mmol/l. 2. We have measured cation transport in vivo after the administration of an oral load of rubidium chloride, and have found that, although intra-erythrocytic concentrations of rubidium were significantly lower 1 h after the administration of rubidium when the subjects were taking lithium, there was a significant increase in the rate of uptake of rubidium into the erythrocytes over the subsequent period of the test, suggesting a direct stimulation of sodium, potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase by lithium. 3. Lithium administration did not affect the plasma concentration versus time profile of rubidium after the rubidium load, implying that the lithium-stimulated uptake of rubidium which occurs in erythrocytes does not necessarily occur in other cell types. 4. These results suggest that previous studies of cation transport using peripheral cells and assay systems in vitro do not necessarily reflect changes in cation transport in vivo in excitable tissues.

A Method for the Study of Cation Transport in vivo: Effects of Digoxin Administration and of Chronic Renal Failure on the Disposition of An Oral Load of Rubidium Chloride

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Boon ◽  
J. K. Aronson ◽  
K. F. Hallis ◽  
N. J. White ◽  
A. E. G. Raine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Cation Transport ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Rubidium Chloride ◽  
Body Tissues

1. In order to study cation transport in vivo we have measured the changes in plasma and intra-erythrocytic rubidium concentrations following an oral load of rubidium chloride. The changes in plasma rubidium concentration are related to the distribution of rubidium to all the body tissues and the changes in intra-erythrocytic rubidium concentrations provide an example of rubidium uptake by one particular tissue. 2. In eight healthy volunteers pretreatment with a loading dose of digoxin (20 μg/kg) enhanced the rise in plasma rubidium concentrations and attenuated the rise in intra-erythrocytic rubidium concentrations after the oral load of rubidium chloride. 3. Ten patients with chronic renal failure, compared with a well-matched control group, were found to have changes similar to, but more marked than, those caused by digoxin, i.e. a much greater rise in plasma rubidium concentrations and a much smaller rise in intra-erythrocytic rubidium concentrations, after the oral load of rubidium chloride. 4. These findings are consistent with widespread reduction in Na+,K+-ATPase activity in subjects who have taken a loading dose of digoxin and patients with chronic renal failure. They are, therefore, consistent with the findings of previous studies in vitro and show that it is possible to demonstrate changes in cation transport in vivo.

The Measurement of Transmembrane Cation Transportin vivoin Acute Manic Illness

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Wood ◽  
J. K. Aronson ◽  
P. J. Cowen ◽  
D. G. Grahame-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Cation Transport ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Manic Patients

We have used a novel technique to assess the transport of cations across the erythrocyte membranein vivoin unmedicated patients suffering an acute manic illness. The results show that erythrocyte cation transport via the sodium-pump enzyme Na+,K+-ATPase is increased in manic patients compared with healthy controls.

scholarly journals The effect of oral salbutamol on cation transport measured in vivo in healthy volunteers.

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Wood ◽  
CJ Brearley ◽  
JK Aronson ◽  
DG Grahame-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cation Transport

Effects of short-term saffron (Crocus sativus L.) intake on the in vivo activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in healthy volunteers

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Begas ◽  
Maria Bounitsi ◽  
Thomas Kilindris ◽  
Evangelos Kouvaras ◽  
Konstantinos Makaritsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Crocus Sativus L

scholarly journals Quantitative Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography of Early Enamel Erosion in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert S. Austin ◽  
Maisalamah Haji Taha ◽  
Frederic Festy ◽  
Richard Cook ◽  
Manoharan Andiappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Surface States ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Water Rinsing

Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) shows potential for the in vivo quantitative evaluation of micro-structural enamel surface phenomena occurring during early erosive demineralization. This randomized controlled single-blind cross-over clinical study aimed to evaluate the use of SS-OCT for detecting optical changes in the enamel of 30 healthy volunteers subjected to orange juice rinsing (erosive challenge) in comparison to mineral water rinsing (control), according to wiped and non-wiped enamel surface states. Participants were randomly allocated to 60 min of orange juice rinsing (pH 3.8) followed by 60 min of water rinsing (pH 6.7) and vice versa, with a 2-week wash-out period. In addition, the labial surfaces of the right or left maxillary incisors were wiped prior to SS-OCT imaging. An automated ImageJ algorithm was designed to analyse the back-scattered OCT signal intensity (D) after orange juice rinsing compared to after water rinsing. D was quantified as the OCT signal scattering from the 33 µm sub-surface enamel, normalised by the total OCT signal intensity entering the enamel. The back-scattered OCT signal intensity increased by 3.1% (95% CI 1.1-5.1%) in the wiped incisors and by 3.5% (95% CI 1.5-5.5%) in the unwiped incisors (p < 0.0001). Wiping reduced the back-scattered OCT signal intensity by 1.7% (95% CI -3.2 to -0.3%; p = 0.02) in comparison to the unwiped enamel surfaces for both rinsing solutions (p = 0.2). SS-OCT detected OCT signal changes in the superficial sub-surface enamel of maxillary central incisor teeth of healthy volunteers after orange juice rinsing.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effects of Sulforaphane on Interferon-Driven Inflammation and Exploratory Evaluation in Two Healthy Volunteers

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3602
Author(s):  
Elena Genova ◽  
Maura Apollonio ◽  
Giuliana Decorti ◽  
Alessandra Tesser ◽  
Alberto Tommasini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type I ◽  
Interferon Signature ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Genes ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Interferonopathies are rare genetic conditions defined by systemic inflammatory episodes caused by innate immune system activation in the absence of pathogens. Currently, no targeted drugs are authorized for clinical use in these diseases. In this work, we studied the contribution of sulforaphane (SFN), a cruciferous-derived bioactive molecule, in the modulation of interferon-driven inflammation in an immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) line and in two healthy volunteers, focusing on STING, a key-component player in interferon pathway, interferon signature modulation, and GSTM1 expression and genotype, which contributes to SFN metabolism and excretion. In vitro, SFN exposure reduced STING expression as well as interferon signature in the presence of the pro-inflammatory stimulus cGAMP (cGAMP 3 h vs. SFN+cGAMP 3 h p value < 0.0001; cGAMP 6 h vs. SFN+cGAMP 6 h p < 0.001, one way ANOVA), restoring STING expression to the level of unstimulated cells. In preliminary experiments on healthy volunteers, no appreciable variations in interferon signature were identified after SFN assumption, while only in one of them, presenting the GSTM1 wild type genotype related to reduced SFN excretion, could a downregulation of STING be recorded. This study confirmed that SFN inhibits STING-mediated inflammation and interferon-stimulated genes expression in vitro. However, only a trend towards the downregulation of STING could be reproduced in vivo. Results obtained have to be confirmed in a larger group of healthy individuals and in patients with type I interferonopathies to define if the assumption of SFN could be useful as supportive therapy.

scholarly journals Continuous monitoring of interstitial tissue oxygen using subcutaneous oxygen microsensors: In vivo characterization in healthy volunteers

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 6-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Kanick ◽  
Peter A. Schneider ◽  
Bruce Klitzman ◽  
Natalie A. Wisniewski ◽  
Kerstin Rebrin
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
In Vivo Characterization

Changes on recovery in the concentrations of tryptophan and the biogenic amine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with affective illness

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Ashcroft ◽  
Ivy M. Blackburn ◽  
D. Eccleston ◽  
A. I. M. Glen ◽  
W. Hartley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Manic Patients

SYNOPSISThe concentration of the acid metabolites of dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) respectively, were estimated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from either unipolar or bipolar affective illness, both before and after recovery. Significantly low concentrations of HVA and 5-HIAA (P<0·01 and 0·05 respectively) were found in the unipolar depressed group and these did not return to normal on recovery. Depressed bipolar patients had levels within normal limits. In bipolar manic patients the HVA concentration fell on recovery to a level significantly lower (P<0·05) than controls. There was no difference in the levels of tryptophan in the CSF of any of the groups of patients nor was there any alteration on recovery. There was a high correlation between 5-HIAA and HVA in the same CSF. These findings are against the amine hypothesis which postulated in depression a lowered concentration of transmitter amine at synaptic junction.

Dilutional Acidosis following Hetastarch or Albumin in Healthy Volunteers

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1184-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan H. Waters ◽  
Clifford A. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Impact

Background The intent of this study was to evaluate the impact of the commonly used colloids-hetastarch and albumin-on in vivo acid-base balance. From this evaluation, a better understanding of the mechanism of dilutional acidosis was expected. Methods In a prospective, randomized fashion, 11 healthy volunteers were administered 15 ml/kg hetastarch solution, 6%, or 15 ml/kg albumin, 5%, intravenously over 30 min. Four weeks later, the study subjects were administered the other colloid. Arterial blood gas and electrolyte parameters were measured at baseline and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 210, and 300 min after colloid administration. Pre- and postlaboratory values were compared within groups using a paired t test and a Wilcoxon signed rank test and between groups using repeated-measures analysis of variance and a Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results Thirty min after infusion, subjects who were administered hetastarch showed statistically significant changes (P &lt; 0.05) in base excess (from 2.5 +/- 0.9 mEq/l to 0.7 +/- 1.1 mEq/l), HCO3- concentration (from 27 +/- 1.0 mEq/l to 25 +/- 1.3 mEq/l), Cl- concentration (from 108 +/- 2 mEq/l to 112 +/- 2 mEq/l), albumin concentration (from 4.4 +/- 0.2 g/dl to 3.5 +/- 0.5 g/dl), and arterial carbon dioxide tension (Paco2; from 40.8 +/- 2.3 mmHg to 39. 2 +/- 3.2 mmHg), whereas only the albumin concentration (from 4.4 +/- 0.2 g/dl to 4.8 +/- 0.6 g/dl) changed significantly in the albumin-treated group. Conclusions Decreases in base excess were observed for 210 min after hetastarch administration but not after albumin. The mechanism for this difference is discussed.

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