Socio-Cultural Parameters in Yoruba Nigerian Patients with Affective Disorders

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger O. A. Makanjuola
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Manic Disorder ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Manic Patients

One hundred and ten consecutive new patients presenting with major affective disorders were divided into five categories according to pattern of presentation: recurrent manic disorder, recurrent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, single episodes of manic disorder, and single episodes of major depressive disorder. Manic patients predominated, and recurrent manic disorder was much more frequent than either recurrent depressive or bipolar disorder. The manic and bipolar patients were younger. Females predominanted in all five groups of patients. The two manic groups were less likely to be married, but this was probably a reflection of their younger age. No differences were demonstrated with regard to educational status or occupation. There were no significant differences with regard to sibship position, family size, or polygamous/monogamous parents. Manic patients were more likely to have suffered permanent separation from one or both parents before the age of 12 years. A relatively low proportion of the patients had a positive history of mental disorder among first- or second-degree relatives. Manic and bipolar patients tended to present in hospital relatively early in their illness.

scholarly journals Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in offspring of parents with depression and bipolar disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (6) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Propper ◽  
Jill Cumby ◽  
Victoria C. Patterson ◽  
Vladislav Drobinin ◽  
Jacqueline M. Glover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mood Dysregulation

BackgroundIt has been suggested that offspring of parents with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), but the specificity of this association has not been established.AimsWe examined the specificity of DMDD to family history by comparing offspring of parents with (a) bipolar disorder, (b) major depressive disorder and (c) a control group with no mood disorders.MethodWe established lifetime diagnosis of DMDD using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children for DSM-5 in 180 youth aged 6–18 years, including 58 offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, 82 offspring of parents with major depressive disorder and 40 control offspring.ResultsDiagnostic criteria for DMDD were met in none of the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, 6 of the offspring of parents with major depressive disorder and none of the control offspring. DMDD diagnosis was significantly associated with family history of major depressive disorder.ConclusionsOur results suggest that DMDD is not specifically associated with a family history of bipolar disorder and may be associated with parental depression.

scholarly journals School Failure in a Girl with Specific Learning Difficulties, Suffering from Childhood Depression: Interdisciplinary Therapeutic Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 992
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Tatsiopoulou ◽  
Georgia-Nektaria Porfyri ◽  
Eleni Bonti ◽  
Ioannis Diakogiannis
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Childhood Depression ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Learning

Introduction: Recent studies confirm the association of literacy difficulties with higher risk of both childhood behavioral and mental disorders. When co-morbid problems occur, it is likely that each will require separate treatment. The management of major depressive disorder (MDD) for a 9.5 years old girl with specific learning difficulties (SLD), a protracted clinical course, and a family history of affective disorders, was challenging for the interdisciplinary team of our clinic, dealing with learning disabilities. Aim: The research and examination of the first-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) in a child with specific learning disabilities and its impact on school performance. This case report examines the potential contributory factors, but also the recent evidence on the co-morbidity between literacy difficulties and mental illnesses in children. Method: Reporting a two years follow-up of a 9.5 years old child with SLD suffering from childhood depression. Results: A 9.5 years old child with no history of affective disorders, but with a family history of first-degree and second-degree relative suffering from childhood-onset, recurrent, bipolar or psychotic depression. The child was assessed by a child psychiatrist during a period of 2 years, with an average of follow-ups between 1 or 2 weeks. The discussion highlights diagnostic and treatment pitfalls, as well as developmental issues. Practical interventions are suggested. Conclusion: A psychiatrically charged familial environment, including a mother suffering from anxiety disorder and behavioral disorder, contribute significantly to the development of depression in early age. An early medical intervention would be the key for successful treatment. The combination of psychotherapy and antidepressants (mostly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)) is the suggested therapy for childhood MDD.

scholarly journals Overdiagnosis of Bipolar Disorder: A Critical Analysis of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna A. Ghouse ◽  
Marsal Sanches ◽  
Giovana Zunta-Soares ◽  
Alan C. Swann ◽  
Jair C. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Bipolar disorder (BD) is considered one of the most disabling mental conditions, with high rates of morbidity, disability, and premature death from suicide. Although BD is often misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder, some attention has recently been drawn to the possibility that BD could be overdiagnosed in some settings. The present paper focuses on a critical analysis of the overdiagnosis issue among bipolar patients. It includes a review of the available literature findings, followed by some recommendations aiming at optimizing the diagnosis of BD and increasing its reliability.

scholarly journals Unrecognised bipolar disorder in primary care patients with depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Smith ◽  
Emily Griffiths ◽  
Mark Kelly ◽  
Kerry Hood ◽  
Nick Craddock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Care Patients

BackgroundBipolar disorder is complex and can be difficult to diagnose. It is often misdiagnosed as recurrent major depressive disorder.AimsWe had three main aims. To estimate the proportion of primary care patients with a working diagnosis of unipolar depression who satisfy DSM–IV criteria for bipolar disorder. To test two screening instruments for bipolar disorder (the Hypomania Checklist (HCL–32) and Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS)) within a primary care sample. To assess whether individuals with major depressive disorder with subthreshold manic symptoms differ from those individuals with major depressive disorder but with no or little history of manic symptoms in terms of clinical course, psychosocial functioning and quality of life.MethodTwo-phase screening study in primary care.ResultsThree estimates of the prevalence of undiagnosed bipolar disorder were obtained: 21.6%, 9.6% and 3.3%. The HCL–32 and BSDS questionnaires had quite low positive predictive values (50.0 and 30.1% respectively). Participants with major depressive disorder and with a history of subthreshold manic symptoms differed from those participants with no or little history of manic symptoms on several clinical features and on measures of both psychosocial functioning and quality of life.ConclusionsBetween 3.3 and 21.6% of primary care patients with unipolar depression may have an undiagnosed bipolar disorder. The HCL–32 and BSDS screening questionnaires may be more useful for detecting broader definitions of bipolar disorder than DSM–IV-defined bipolar disorder. Subdiagnostic features of bipolar disorder are relatively common in primary care patients with unipolar depression and are associated with a more morbid course of illness. Future classifications of recurrent depression should include dimensional measures of bipolar symptoms.

scholarly journals Examination and Comparison of Cognitive and Executive Functions in Clinically Stable Schizophrenia Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Behrooz Afshari ◽  
Nasrin Shiri ◽  
Fatemeh Sadat Ghoreishi ◽  
Mohtasham Valianpour
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Executive Dysfunctions

Background. Schizophrenia (SC), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are associated with various cognitive and executive dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare cognitive and executive dysfunctions in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Materials and Methods. Sixty-four schizophrenia patients, 68 bipolar patients, 62 patients with major depressive disorder, and 75 healthy individuals participated in the present study. All participants were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Trial Making Test (TMT), Four-Choice Reaction Time Task, Ruler Drop Method (RDM), Tower of London (TOL) task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST). Data were analyzed by chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and independent t -tests; ANOVA; and MANOVA. Results. In the cognitive function, the scores of SC, BD, and MDD patients were lower than those of healthy individuals. Also, the scores of MDD patients were lower than those of other patients, and the scores of BD patients were lower than those of SC patients. In the executive function, the scores of SC, BD, and MDD patients were lower than those of healthy individuals. Moreover, the scores of the MDD group were higher than those of the BD and SC groups, and the scores of the SC group were higher than those of the BD group. Conclusion. Patients with SC, BD, and MDD have poorer cognitive and executive functions than healthy individuals, even when these patients are in a stable state. Assessment of cognitive and executive functions in SC, BD, and MDD patients can help in understanding the pathology of these disorders.

Manic-depressive illness — I: clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder subtypes

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick McKeon ◽  
Patrick Manley ◽  
Gregory Swanwick
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Rapid Cycling ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Manic Patients

AbstractThe clinical and demographic features of 100 bipolar disorder patients, who were categorised into bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar mania and rapid cycling groups, and who were further classified on the basis of the sequence of occurrence of the manic and depressive episodes within each cycle, are compared. Bipolar I (including unipolar manic) patients, 77% of whom had a sequence of moods where mania preceded depression (Mania-Depression – normothymic Interval: M.D.I.) constituted 69% of the total sample. Six per cent were classified as bipolar II and 25% has a rapid cycling disorder. Patients who had an M.D.I. sequence of moods, whether rapid or non-rapid cycling, had a younger age of onset, a higher male:female ratio and a stronger family history of bipolar disorder than patients whose depression preceded mania (D.M.I.). Unipolar manic patients, 12% of the sample, had a comparable age of onset, a greater family history of bipolarity and more frequent hospitalisations than the bipolar I-M.D.I. group. Rapid cycling patients had a lower mean serum thyroxine concentration than the non-rapid cycling bipolar disorder patients. This study supports the rationale for distinguishing bipolar patients with an M.D.I, sequence from those with a D.M.I, pattern and rapid cyclers from non-rapid cyclers.

scholarly journals Detection of bipolar disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan H. Young ◽  
Holly MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

SummaryMajor depressive episodes are common in bipolar disorder, which consequently may be misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder. Improved detection of bipolar disorder rests upon better ascertainment of a history of hypomania. Antidepressants are of dubious benefit in bipolar disorder and more accurate diagnosis of depression would promote better treatment.

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