Delusions of Pregnancy in Men

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 716-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh K. Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Moderate Mental Retardation ◽  
Organic Brain

The case of a young, unmarried boy, who had moderate mental retardation, epilepsy, and post-ictal psychosis, is described here. During the psychosis, he believed he was pregnant, and had related behavioural disturbances. The review of other such cases reveals that organic brain damage was evident in all cases. Brain damage seems to be the more likely causative factor than psychodynamic factors.

Leg Strength Is Related to Endurance Run Performance in Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Fernhall ◽  
Kenneth H. Pitetti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Moderate Mental Retardation ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shuttle Run

This study evaluated the relationship between leg strength and endurance run performance, independent of aerobic capacity (V̇O2peak), body size, and gender, in children and adolescents with mild or moderate mental retardation. Twenty-six individuals (15 boys and 11 girls) volunteered and underwent tests of V̇O2peak, isokinetic leg strength, and endurance run performance (600-yard ran/walk and 20-m shuttle run). Results showed that leg strength was significantly related to both types of run performance; however, when controlling for V̇O2peak, body size, and gender, leg strength was a more significant contributor to the 600-yard run/walk than to 20-m shuttle run performance. Gender did not influence these relationships. These data suggest that leg strength has a significant influence on endurance run performance in children and adolescents with mild or moderate mental retardation.

Residential Assessment of Adults with Moderate Mental Retardation

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 922-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Wadsworth ◽  
Dennis C. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Moderate Mental Retardation

Rubella Immunization: Present Status and Future Perspectives

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1176
Author(s):  
Saul Krugman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Present Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Cardiac Malformations

Sixteen years have elapsed since the last major epidemic of rubella in the United States. Prior to 1964, extensive outbreaks occurred at about six- to nine-year intervals. These outbreaks were associated with the birth of many thousands of infants with one or more of the following defects: cataracts, deafness, cardiac malformations, and brain damage causing mental retardation, cerebral palsy, or severe behavior disorders. In addition, many pregnancies were terminated by spontaneous or therapeutic abortions. This devastating "rubella problem" provided the motivation for the development of rubella vaccine. The live attenuated rubella vaccine was licensed for use in 1969—two to four years before the next anticipated epidemic.

Effects of Imitation on Language Comprehension and Transfer to Production in Children with Mental Retardation

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen K. Ezell ◽  
Howard Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Matrix Training ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Alternating Treatments Design ◽  
Moderate Mental Retardation ◽  
Unknown Words

This study investigated the effects of verbal imitation on the comprehension of novel object-location responses and subsequent transfer of these responses to production. A matrix training procedure was used to teach 2 children with moderate mental retardation syntactic rules for combining known and unknown words into two-word utterances. An alternating treatments design was used with two conditions: receptive teaching with imitation of the target phrase and no imitation of the phrase. Findings suggested that the use of imitation facilitated both generalized receptive learning and transfer to production in both subjects.

Observational Learning of Comprehension Monitoring Skills in Children Who Exhibit Mental Retardation

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen K. Ezell ◽  
Howard Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Comprehension Monitoring ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Moderate Mental Retardation ◽  
Message Type ◽  
Unfamiliar Word ◽  
Idiomatic Phrase

An observational learning paradigm was used to instruct 5 children with mild or moderate mental retardation to monitor their comprehension of inadequate instructions. Instructions were inadequate because of an interfering signal, an unfamiliar word, excessive length, or an unfamiliar idiomatic phrase. Subjects’ peers served as models during the training. A multiple baseline design across subjects and across instruction types was employed. All subjects learned to request clarification of the first three inadequate instructions; however, none of the children learned to request clarification of idiomatic phrases. Although all children eventually demonstrated observational learning, three children required feedback from the trainer before they began to request clarification for one or two of the instruction types. Two children generalized their requesting behavior to the interfering signal message type, suggesting that generalization may be likely to occur between similar message types. During posttesting all children generalized their requesting behavior when presented with two unfamiliar message types, sometimes using new question forms. Four of the 5 children also generalized their requesting behavior in sessions with their teachers 5–10 weeks later.

Mild and Moderate Mental Retardation

1988 ◽  
pp. 631-651
Author(s):  
Johnny L. Matson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Schaughency
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Moderate Mental Retardation

scholarly journals DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGRESSION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH MILD MENTAL RETARDATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
L. A. Samoylyuk ◽  
◽  
K. G. Logunova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
Organic Brain Syndrome ◽  
Organic Brain

Introduction. This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of aggressive behavior in adolescents suffering from mild mental retardation given its nature of origin, which could either be a character trait and/or a behavioral pattern, or result from organic brain syndrome. Materials and Methods. The methods used in the study are the method of expert assessment (pedagogic assessment of disordered behavior with the Teacher questionnaire for identifying children with disordered behavior (E. L. Indenbaum); monitoring; psychological diagnostic method (the projective technique Children’s Apperceptive Test (S. Bellak) (Fig.7); analysis of medical history and documents regarding the micro-social environment of the adolescent development; and the mathematical statistics method. Results. Aggressive behavior in adolescents with organic brain syndrome is characterized by a severe disorder of emotional self-control, inadequate responses to an irritator of a certain degree, affective rigidity, and a long time necessary to return to a normal state. Distinctive characteristics of aggressive behavior in adolescents with aggression as an inherent character trait suggest that aggression occurs based on a specific situation and could be self-regulated or managed by exterior regulation. Conclusion. The findings indicate that adolescents with mild mental retardation show aggression differently depending on the nature of its origin. Keyword: aggressive behavior, aggression, adolescents with mental retardation, aggression as a character trait, aggression as a result of organic brain syndrome

scholarly journals MENTAL DISORDERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE COMMITMENT TO OBSERVATION IN THE INFECTIONIST IN HIVINFECTED PATIENTS WITH EARLY SYPHILIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Chumakov ◽  
N. N. Petrova ◽  
V. V. Rassokhin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Early Syphilis ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

HIV and syphilis have similar epidemiological characteristics which causes a high level of combined infection. Both STDs affect the central nervous system early after infection. Mental disorders occur with a high incidence in HIV-infected patients and patients with syphilis, but data on the effect of combined HIV and syphilis infection on mental disorders are found only in single articles. Objectives. The goal is to study mental disorders and their effect on the commitment to observation in the infectionist in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis. Materials and methods. A comparative study of 148 patients (65 HIV-infected patients with syphilis, 50 patients with syphilis monoinfection, 33 HIV-infected patients, seronegative for syphilis) was carried out. We used clinical, psychopathological, follow-up, psychometric, laboratory and statistical methods of investigation. Results. It was found that mental disorders occur in the majority (83%) of HIV-infected patients with syphilis with the predominance of affective (54%) and addictive (48%) disorders. In HIV-infected patients with early neurosyphilis, psychogenic reactions developed statistically significantly more often than in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of addictive, affective, personality disorders and mental disorders due to organic brain damage in patients with early neurosyphilis and early syphilis in the case of co-infection with HIV infection. Mental disorders due to organic brain damage had a mixed genesis (including infectious) in all cases and were associated and caused by the already existing HIV infection. HIV-infected patients with syphilis, in general, were characterized by the low commitment to observation in the infectionist which were influenced by the following factors: social maladjustment, drug abuse and criminal activity. Discussion. The frequency of detected mental disorders in the examined HIV-infected patients with syphilis (83,1%) corresponded to the literature on the incidence of mental illness in HIVinfected patients inSt. Petersburg(85,6%), but was higher than the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with syphilis (68%). Given the established influence of neurosyphilis mono-infection on the development of mental disorders due to organic brain damage, it can be concluded that the disease with early neurosyphilis is important in the development of mental disorders of organic genesis. But the weight of this factor is insufficient in case of co-infection with HIV and early neurosyphilis and can only have additional significance in the development of mental disorders and the key factor is HIV-infection action. Mental disorders (addictive disorders and cognitive impairment) adversely affect the commitment to observation in the infectionist of HIV-infected patients with syphilis, therefore timely correction of mental disorders may be one of the factors improving compliance of patients. Conclusions. The study found a minor role of early neurosyphilis (as opposed to HIV infection) on the formation of mental disorders in the case of a combination of these infections. At the same time, it was found that addictive and cognitive symptomatic complexes have a negative impact on the probability of reference to an infectious disease specialist for initiating therapy in HIV-infected patients with syphilis.

scholarly journals Iodine deficiency conditions in the Tukayevsky District of Tatarstan

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-377
Author(s):  
Z. M. Zakirov ◽  
R. M. Kharisova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Irreversible Brain Damage ◽  
Intellectual Potential

Iodine is a micronutrient: the daily requirement is 100-200 mcg. The most obvious manifestation of iodine deficiency is endemic goiter. Iodine deficiency increases the frequency of congenital hypothyroidism and leads to irreversible brain damage in the fetus and newborn. In addition to pronounced forms of mental retardation, iodine deficiency causes a decrease in the intellectual potential of the entire population living in an area of iodine deficiency.

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