Circumstances Surrounding the Initial Lapse to Opiate Use Following Detoxification

Brendan P. Bradley; Grania Phillips; Lynette Green; Michael Gossop

doi:10.1192/bjp.154.3.354

Circumstances Surrounding the Initial Lapse to Opiate Use Following Detoxification

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.154.3.354 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 154 (3) ◽

pp. 354-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Brendan P. Bradley ◽

Grania Phillips ◽

Lynette Green ◽

Michael Gossop

Keyword(s):

Social Pressure ◽

Patient Treatment ◽

Drug Availability ◽

Treatment Approaches ◽

Opiate Use ◽

External Events

Seventy-eight opiate abusers were followed up after successful in-patient detoxification in order to examine renewed opiate use. The greatest number of initial lapses occurred within a week of subjects leaving in-patient treatment. Eleven categories of lapse precipitant were identified: cognitive, mood, external, withdrawal, interpersonal, leaving a protected environment, drug availability, drug-related cues, craving, priming, and social pressure. Cognitions, negative moods and external events emerged as the most commonly mentioned factors; these often occurred together, either in clusters or in a sequence. Implications of these results for models of relapse and for treatment approaches are discussed.

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Motivations for Use of Opiates among Addicts Seeking Treatment in Shiraz

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3f.1158 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 87 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1158-1164 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jamshid Ahmadi ◽

Ahmad Ghanizadeh

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Social Pressure ◽

Common Reason ◽

Patient Treatment ◽

Semistructured Interview ◽

Treatment Facility ◽

The West ◽

Cultural Attitudes ◽

Opiate Use

This study assessed the characteristics and motivation for substance use among addicts referred to the Shiraz Self-identified Center, an out-patient treatment facility. Data were gathered by a semistructured interview from 306 consecutive addicts seeking treatment and referred from July to September, 1998. Their mean age was 37 yr., and the majority (73.9%) were married. Of these addicts, 28.4% were workers, 13.4% drivers, and 11.4% were unemployed. Modeling or social pressure (43.1%) was identified as the first and enjoyment (fun) was the second most common reason given for opiate use. The majority (97.1%) used opium and 71.9% used alcohol; however, only 2.6% reported current use of alcohol. Other subjects were current users of cigarettes (72.2%), opium (67%), heroin (35%), hashish (2%), hallucinogens (0.3%), and cocaine (0.3%). The most common reason given for currently using opiates was habit (56.5%). About 36% of the subjects reported that they had frequently used opiates for more than a decade. These findings are quite different from those carried out in the West, although there is some overlap. Cultural attitudes toward drug use likely affect the types and amount of use.

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The Abused Female Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patient: Treatment Approaches for Identification and Management

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America ◽

10.1016/j.coms.2007.01.003 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 259-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Deborah L. Zeitler

Keyword(s):

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Patient Treatment ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Treatment Approaches ◽

Surgery Patient

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Factors Associated with Relapse Among Opiate Addicts in an Out-patient Detoxification Programme

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.161.5.654 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 161 (5) ◽

pp. 654-657 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Sujata Unnithan ◽

Michael Gossop ◽

John Strang

Keyword(s):

Drug Users ◽

Negative Mood ◽

Patient Treatment ◽

Opiate Withdrawal ◽

Social Psychological ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Opiate Use ◽

Interpersonal Factors ◽

Opiate Addicts ◽

Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome

Relapse is a central problem in the treatment of addictive behaviour, and a specific problem in the out-patient treatment of the opiate withdrawal syndrome. This study investigated factors associated with relapse among 42 opiate addicts receiving out-patient detoxification treatment at a London drug-dependence clinic. All subjects completed a questionnaire about their social, psychological, and environmental circumstances in the week before interview, and were interviewed within the first two weeks of the programme. Forty per cent had lapsed to illicit heroin abuse within the previous week. Interpersonal factors and drug-related cues were associated with lapse to opiate use. Most subjects encountered a range of high-risk situations, such as regularly meeting other drug users and being offered drugs, and persistent negative mood states.

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