Psychosocial Status of 192 Out-Patients with HIV Infection and AIDS

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. King
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Psychosocial Status ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

One hundred and ninety-two out-patients with HIV infection were interviewed in a standardised manner at two London hospitals. Almost all had revealed their diagnosis to others, one-quarter receiving negative reactions from confidants. Thirty-one per cent had significant psychiatric problems, almost half of whom reported emotional problems before HIV infection. Twenty-two per cent complained of difficulties with memory or concentration, of whom 12.5% had objective cognitive impairment on brief assessment. Excessive health ruminations were an important indicator of more extensive psychological problems. This degree of psychological distress is in keeping with reports for patients with other medical conditions, and overall, patients appeared to have adapted well, despite the obvious stigma and poor prognosis of their condition.

scholarly journals Glioblastoma and MiRNAs

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1581
Author(s):  
Swalih P. Ahmed ◽  
Javier S. Castresana ◽  
Mehdi H. Shahi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most common types of lethal brain tumors. Although several treatment options are available including surgery, along with adjuvant chemo and radiotherapy, the disease has a poor prognosis and patients generally die within 14 months of diagnosis. GB is chemo and radio resistant. Thus, there is a critical need for new insights into GB treatment to increase the chance of therapeutic success. This is why microRNA (miRNA) is being potentially considered in the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma. The objective of our review is to provide a holistic picture of GB up-regulated and down-regulated miRNA, in relationship with the expression of other genes, cell signaling pathways, and their role in GB diagnosis and treatment. MiRNA treatment is being considered to be used against GB together with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, the use of miRNA as a diagnostic tool has also begun. Knowing that miRNAs are isolated in almost all human body fluids and that there are more than 3000 miRNAs in the human genome, plus the fact that each miRNA controls hundreds of different mRNAs, there is still much study needed to explore how miRNAs relate to GB for its proliferation, progression, and inhibition.

scholarly journals Network analysis of impulse dyscontrol in mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
T. Saari ◽  
E. E. Smith ◽  
Z. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Conditional Dependence ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Central Symptom

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate conditional dependence relationships of impulse dyscontrol symptoms in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Design: A prospective, observational study. Participants: Two hundred and thirty-five patients with MCI (n = 159) or SCD (n = 76) from the Prospective Study for Persons with Memory Symptoms dataset. Measurements: Items of the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist impulse dyscontrol subscale. Results: Stubbornness/rigidity, agitation/aggressiveness, and argumentativeness were frequent and the most central symptoms in the network. Impulsivity, the fourth most central symptom in the network, served as the bridge between these common symptoms and less central and rare symptoms. Conclusions: Impulse dyscontrol in at-risk states for dementia is characterized by closely connected symptoms of irritability, agitation, and rigidity. Compulsions and difficulties in regulating rewarding behaviors are relatively isolated symptoms.

scholarly journals Speech in Noise Perception as a Marker of Cognitive Impairment in HIV Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhan ◽  
Abigail M. Fellows ◽  
Tangkai Qi ◽  
Odile H. Clavier ◽  
Sigfrid D. Soli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Speech In Noise

Using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) to assess cognitive impairment in older patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennyfer Cholet ◽  
Anne Sauvaget ◽  
Jean-Marie Vanelle ◽  
Caroline Hommet ◽  
Karl Mondon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Brief Assessment

scholarly journals Intersectionality and Cognitive Impairment Risk in Older Persons With HIV: Age, Ethnicity, and LGBT Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 724-724
Author(s):  
Monica Rivera Mindt ◽  
Micah Savin ◽  
Angela Summers ◽  
Jordan Stiver ◽  
Alex Slaughter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract The Latinx population is disproportionately affected by HIV-infection and older Latinx persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at greater risk for neurocognitive impairment (NCI). However, no studies have examined whether intersectionality (including Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender [LGBT] status) increases NCI risk. This study investigated whether LGBT status increases NCI risk in 126 PLWH (Ages 19-73 years; 74% Male; 66% Latinx, 34% NHW) who completed a comprehensive NC battery. Domain average T-scores were based on demographically-corrected norms. Multiple regressions revealed that after accounting for covariates (cocaine use, premorbid IQ) and other dimensions of intersectionality (age, ethnicity), LGBT status significantly contributed to NCI risk in attention/working memory (B=-4.50, p=.01) and executive functioning (trend-level; B=-3.67, p=.06). LGBT status, a key dimension of intersectionality, should be considered in NC assessment of PLWH. Future research is needed to identify factors (e.g., discrimination) that may confer increased NCI risk in this population.

Chromosomal instability in different species of agricultural animals (review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
V. A. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Chromosomal Disorders ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Almost All

The purpose of the work was to analyze the frequency of chromosomal instability in different species of agricultural animals in Western Siberia on the basis of literature data. The analysis of the literature on the topic of somatic chromosomal instability in agricultural animals has been carried out. Despite the stability of the chromosome set, deviations from it are quite common. It is noteworthy that chromosomal instability is characteristic of almost all individuals in the population and serves as an important indicator for assessing the natural mutability of chromosomes. It has been found if an aberration appeared in one tissue, it is very likely to occur in others. It has been noted that somatic chromosomal instability occurs in animals with reduced reproductive function, as well as those suffering from any pathology. For example, in calves with parakeratosis the increase in the frequency of chromatid and isochromatid breaks has been found. Analysis of the frequency of aberrations in sires, which differ in the level of perinatal mortality of offspring revealed the increased percentage of offspring mortality in fathers with the large number of chromosomal disorders. Therefore, low fertilization, spontaneous abortions and stillbirths may be indications for karyotypic analysis. It has been revealed that the lability of the karyotype is inherent in all animal species, regardless of the species, sex and age, as well as the morphofunctional state. The data on some types of somatic chromosomal instability in different types of farm animals in Western Siberia has been presented. Such indicators as the frequency of polyploidy, the number of cells with fragments of chromosomes, as well as single and paired fragments of chromosomes has been given. Different types of chromosomal instability varied depending on the animal species and climate zone. The presented data can be accepted as a physiological norm and used in veterinary medicine and animal science.

Communicating with the Older Adult Cancer Patient

2021 ◽  
pp. 678-684
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Parker ◽  
Smita C. Banerjee ◽  
Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Multiple Morbidity ◽  
Older Adult Population

The older adult population continues to increase. Among all known risk factors for developing cancer, the most important is growing old. Thus, caring for older adults with cancer is of increasing importance. This chapter describes important considerations involved in communicating with cancer patients including sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, multiple morbidity, polypharmacy, and psychological distress. It also describes how stereotyping and ageism affect communication with older adults with cancer. Finally, the chapter discusses ways to facilitate communication with older adult cancer patients and their families and provides an example of a training program that was created specifically to enhance communication between healthcare providers and older adult cancer patients and their families.

scholarly journals Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) Intervention on Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment in Breast Cancer Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153473542093845
Author(s):  
Ke Ding ◽  
Xiuqing Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Zhao ◽  
He Zuo ◽  
Ziran Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Before And After

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM), which is used to reduce chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), relieve psychological distress, and improve quality of life (QOL) in Chinese breast cancer survivors (BCs). Methods: Seventy-four BCs were enrolled in this study. All patients were randomly assigned to either the CALM group or the care as usual (CAU) group. All patients were evaluated by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog), Distress Thermometer (DT), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Breast (FACT-B) before and after CALM or CAU application to BCs with CRCI. We compared the differences in all these scores between the CALM group and the control group and analyzed the correlation between cognitive function and QOL. Results: Compared with the CAU group, the performance of the CALM group on the FACT-Cog, DT, and FACT-B showed significant differences before and after CALM ( t = −18.909, −5.180, −32.421, P = .000, .000, .000, respectively). Finally, there was a positive correlation between cognitive function and QOL in breast cancer patients before ( r = 0.579, P = .000) and after ( r = 0.797, P = .000) treatment. Conclusions: The present results indicated that CALM has salutary effects on the improvement of cognitive impairment and QOL and relieves psychological distress in breast cancer patients, which may be due to a positive correlation between psychological distress and cognitive function or QOL.

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