Lifelong Eccentricity and Social Isolation

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Digby Tantam
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Asperger's Syndrome ◽  
Asperger’S Syndrome ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder

Several scales are described for measuring aspects of eccentricity and social isolation; in particular, for assessing schizoid and schizotypal personality and for rating abnormal non-verbal expression. The latter is shown to be reliable, and the former to have a measure of validity. There was an association between schizoid personality traits and abnormalities of speech and non-verbal expression. However, abnormal non-verbal expression, but not schizoid personality traits or DSM–III schizotypal personality disorder, was particularly likely to occur in those subjects who had evidence of neurological deficit, and childhood symptoms indicative of developmental disorder. Abnormal non-verbal expression, but not personality disorder, was also associated with other characteristic features of Asperger's syndrome, such as unusual, 'special’ interests. It is suggested that Asperger's syndrome is a distinct syndrome from either schizoid or schizotypal personality disorder, but may be a risk factor for the development of schizoid personality disorder.

scholarly journals Review of pharmacologic treatment in cluster A personality disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessa Koch ◽  
Taylor Modesitt ◽  
Melissa Palmer ◽  
Sarah Ward ◽  
Bobbie Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatment ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Paranoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Paranoid Personality ◽  
Cluster A

Abstract Introduction: A personality disorder is a pervasive and enduring pattern of behaviors that impacts an individual's social, occupational, and overall functioning. Specifically, the cluster A personality disorders include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. Patients with cluster A personality disorders tend to be isolative and avoid relationships. The quality of life may also be reduced in these individuals, which provokes the question of how to treat patients with these personality disorders. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature for pharmacologic treatments for the cluster A personality disorders. Methods: A Medline/PubMed and Ovid search was conducted to identify literature on the psychopharmacology of paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. There were no exclusions in terms of time frame from article publication or country of publication, in order to provide a comprehensive analysis; however, only articles that contained information on the cluster A disorders were included. Results: Minimal evidence regarding pharmacotherapy in paranoid and schizoid personality disorders was found. Literature was available for pharmacologic treatment of schizotypal personality disorder. Studies evaluating the use of olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol, fluoxetine, and thiothixene did yield beneficial results; however, treatment with such agents should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Discussion: Most of the literature analyzed in this review presented theoretical ideas of what may constitute the neurobiologic factors of personality and what treatments may address these aspects. Further research is needed to evaluate specific pharmacologic treatment in the cluster A personality disorders. At this time, treatment with pharmacologic agents is based on theory rather than evidence.

Clinical Content of Schizotypal Personality Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
E. Klembovskaya ◽  
G. Fastovtsov
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ◽  
List Type ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Content ◽  
Endogenous Process

Background and aim:«Schizotypal personality disorder» occupies a special position in the classification of mental disorders. It is not enough investigated, what kind of disorders they are like, their characteristics are, and how they differ from schizoid personality disorder and continuous sluggish schizophrenia. with the aim to define the clinical features of schizotypal personality disorder 58 patients were examined.Results:•Schizotypal personality disorder is similar to deficit states, observed at schizophrenia, clinically limited to personality sphere, without the signs of flow of endogenous process and psychotic disorders.•Schizotypal personality disorder on the clinical content reminds schizoid, but insignificant ideatory disorders are typical. Dymamic of psychopathy - disposition to decompensation - is never observed.•Schizotypal personality disorder can be diagnosed as latent schizophrenia, because the clinical picture is similar. the special value acquires a dynamic aspect typical of the endogenous process.•High quality remission of schizophrenia limited of specific personality changes, as a variant of «acquired psychopathy» can be considered as clinically identical to «schizotypal personality disorder».Conclusion:A content of Schizotypal personality disorder includes a group of disorders of schizophrenia spectrum, different originally, from shizofreniform personality disorders without the signs of dynamics to the different states of development of schizophrenia - initial (latent schizophrenia), and final (high quality remission of schizophrenia as practical completion of schizophrenia process with the formation of certain features of personality). It can explain the special place of «Schizotypal personality disorder» in the classification of psychic disorders.

Recurrent Depression Over An Schizoid Personality. Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S504-S504
Author(s):  
M.C. Cancino Botello ◽  
F. Molina López ◽  
J.M. Hernández Sánchez ◽  
A. Peña Serrano ◽  
M.D.L.A. Canseco Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depression Disorder

IntroductionAccording to Millon, personality is a “complex pattern of psychological factors, which are mostly unconscious and express themselves automatically in almost every functional dimension of the subject”. It has been described how personality traits can modify the expression of other mental diseases, leading to confusion in diagnosis and treatment of the patient.MethodSystematic review of the literature in English (PubMed) and clinical history of the patient. Keywords: “recurrent depression disorder”; “schizoid personality”.ObjectiveTo highlight the importance of making an accurate and detailed diagnostic formulation, in patients with both mental and personality disorders.CaseSixty-seven-year-old woman, with many psychiatric hospitalizations, secondary to a recurrent depression disorder with psychotic symptoms and schizoid personality disorder. Both psychiatric monitoring and pharmacological treatment have been erratic. Initially, depressive episodes were considered as symptoms of her personality disorder. However, over the years, it was possible to make a more accurate diagnosis and a better treatment adjustment. In this case, lack of adherence is probably due to multiple factors, but no awareness of illness and personality disorder itself are the most important ones. This fact makes the patient less concerned about her personal care, leading to irregular treatment.ConclusionsPeople with schizoid, schizotypal or paranoid personality traits usually have a worse outcome, and they interfere with the functionality of the patient. This explains the importance of making an accurate and detailed diagnostic formulation, in order to benefit the course of the underlying mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Differencial diagnosing of schizotypal personality disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 785-785
Author(s):  
E. Klembovskaya ◽  
G. Fastovtsov ◽  
O. Pechenkina
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ◽  
List Type ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria ◽  
Endogenous Process

Background and aimClinical definitions and differencial diagnosis criteria of «Schizotypal personality disorder» is not enough investigated yet, especially how it differs from schizoid personality disorder and continuous sluggish schizophrenia. It is impossible to consider diagnostic indications (that the symptoms of schizophrenia couldn’t be observed before and during actual examination) sufficient to explain the special place of this mental disorder. Some criteria of diagnosis of schizotypal disorders (for example, suspiciousness and paranoid ideas, episodes of quazi- psychotic disorders) are not applicable.With the aim to define the clinical features of schizotypal personality disorder 58 patients were examined. All patients were characterized by mainly personality disorders.Results-Schizotypal personality disorder is similar to deficit states, observed at schizophrenia, clinically limited to personality sphere, without the signs of flow of endogenous process and psychotic disorders.-Schizotypal personality disorder on the clinical content reminds schizoid, but insignificant ideatory disorders are rather typical. Dymamic of psychopathy - disposition to decompensation - is never observed.-Schizotypal personality disorder can be diagnosed as latent, prodromal schizophrenia, because the clinical picture of these states is very similar. The special value acquires a dynamic aspect, allowing to find the signs of «flow» and dynamics typical of the endogenous process.ConclusionThus, the main differencial diagnosing criteria of schizotypal personality disorder are the dynamic aspects and changing of clinical features.

‘Schizoid’ Personality in Childhood and Adult Life II: Adult Adjustment and the Continuity with Schizotypal Personality Disorder

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sula Wolff ◽  
Rosemary Townshend ◽  
R. J. Mcguire ◽  
D. J. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ◽  
Circumscribed Interests ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Adult Adjustment

In a controlled follow-up study into adulthood of 32 children diagnosed ‘schizoid’, three-quarters fulfilled DSM–III criteria for schizotypal personality disorder and two developed schizophrenia. Overall their psychosocial adjustment was somewhat, but not markedly, worse than that of other attenders at a child psychiatry clinic, although as a group they remained more solitary, lacking in empathy, oversensitive, with odd styles of communicating, and often with circumscribed interests.

The biological basis of schizotypal personality disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Richelle M Kirrane ◽  
Larry J Siever
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Schizotypal Disorder

AbstractSchizotypal personality disorder is the DSM equivalent of the ICD category schizotypal disorder. It may be seen as part of the schizophrenia spectrum of disorders. Patients with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) share many features with schizophrenic patients. These include symptoms of social isolation and cognitive impairment. They also share imaging and biochemical evidence of brain dysfunction, and genetic similarities. SPD patients, however, for some reason do not become chronically psychotic. The study of schizotypal patients is of great importance in attempting to clarify the genetic and biological basis of the schizophrenia spectrum. It is also important in helping to delineate the differences between schizophrenic and schizotypal patients, and to distinguish those factors that protect the schizotypal patient from becoming floridly psychotic. In this article we present recent findings regarding the biological basis of schizotypal personality disorder. We illustrate the contribution of these findings to our understanding of risk and protective factors in the schizophrenia spectrum.

‘Schizoid’ Personality in Childhood and Adult Life I: The Vagaries of Diagnostic Labelling

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sula Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Asperger's Syndrome ◽  
Asperger’S Syndrome ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Clinical Syndromes

The literature is reviewed on children variously described as having ‘schizoid’ personality disorders, Asperger's syndrome, and schizotypal personality disorders, with the aim of clarifying the nature of these clinical syndromes, and in particular the features of those children whose follow-up characteristics are described in the following two papers.

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