Ethnic Density is Unrelated to Incidence of Schizophrenia

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Cochrane ◽  
Sukhwant S. Bal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Department Of Health

Data deriving from the Mental Health Enquiry were obtained from the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) for all 186 000 admissions in England in 1981 to test the ‘ethnic density hypothesis'. This hypothesis has been used to explain variations in rates of mental illness between ethnic groups in other countries, and suggests that there is an inverse relationship between the size of ethnic groups and their admission rates. The data analysed in the present paper for the main foreign-born immigrant groups to England not only failed to support the ethnic-density hypothesis, but in some cases, showed a significant positive relationship between group size and admission rates. Some possible reasons for these findings are explored.

scholarly journals MyCare study: protocol for a controlled trial evaluating the effect of a community-based intervention on psychosocial, clinical outcomes and hospital admission rates for adults with severe mental illness

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e040610
Author(s):  
Renée O'Donnell ◽  
Melissa Savaglio ◽  
Debra Fast ◽  
Ash Vincent ◽  
Dave Vicary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Health Support

IntroductionPeople with serious mental illness (SMI) often fail to receive adequate treatment. To provide a higher level of support, mental health systems have been reformed substantially to integrate mental healthcare into the community. MyCare is one such community-based mental health model of care. This paper describes the study protocol of a controlled trial examining the effect of MyCare on psychosocial and clinical outcomes and hospital admission and duration rates for adults with SMI.Methods and analysisThis is a multisite non-randomised controlled trial with a 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up period. The study participants will be adults (18–64 years of age) with SMI recruited from Hobart, Launceston and the North-West of Tasmania. The treatment group will include adults who receive both the MyCare intervention and standard mental health support; the control group will include adults who receive only standard mental health support. The primary outcome includes psychosocial and clinical functioning and the secondary outcome will examine hospital admission rates and duration of stay. Mixed-effects models will be used to examine outcome improvements between intake and follow-up. This trial will generate the evidence needed to evaluate the effect of a community mental health support programme delivered in Tasmania, Australia. If MyCare results in sustained positive outcomes for adults with SMI, it could potentially be scaled up more broadly across Australia, addressing the inequity and lack of comprehensive treatment that many individuals with SMI experience.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Tasmanian Health and Medical Human Research Ethics Committee. The findings will be disseminated to participants and staff who delivered the intervention, submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and shared at academic conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12620000673943.

scholarly journals Modelling out-of-area admissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis W. Paton ◽  
Paul A. Tiffin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Referral Rate ◽  
Referral Rates ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Out Of Area ◽  
Health Trust

SummaryOut-of-area (OOA) placements occur when patients cannot be admitted to local facilities, which can be extremely stressful for patients and families. Thus, the Department of Health aims to eliminate the need for OOA admissions. Using data from a UK mental health trust we developed a ‘virtual mental health ward’ to evaluate the potential impact of referral rates and length of stay (LOS) on OOA rates. The results indicated OOA rates were equally sensitive to LOS and referral rate. This suggests that investment in community services that reduce both LOS and referral rates are required to meaningfully reduce OOA admission rates.Declaration of interestP.A.T. holds an honorary consultant contract with the Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust.

scholarly journals Invited commentary on The mental health of prisoners

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Tony Maden
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
The Government

Psychiatrists have always been concerned about the mental health of prisoners. If they did not devote much energy to their treatment, it was only because they had more-pressing problems, including how to squeeze ten patients into nine beds. In any case, it was someone else's job to look after prisoners. Luke Birmingham's article (Birmingham, 2003, this issue) could not be more timely, as this situation has now changed. With the publication of The Future Organisation of Prison Healthcare (Prison Service & NHS Executive Working Group, 1999), and the creation of a joint Department of Health and Home Office task force, the Government has made it clear that the problem of mentally disordered offenders belongs to the National Health Service (NHS). There is a plan, there is a partnership and there are targets. Can those of us who have been worrying about prisoners with mental illness sit back and relax, as the solution unfolds?

scholarly journals Assessment of personality disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny J. M. Banerjee ◽  
Simon Gibbon ◽  
Nick Huband
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Department Of Health

SummaryIn 2003 the Department of Health, in conjunction with the National Institute for Mental Health in England, outlined the government's plan for the provision of mental health services for people with a diagnosis of personality disorder. This emphasised the need for practitioners to have skills in identifying, assessing and treating these disorders. It is important that personality disorders are properly assessed as they are common conditions that have a significant impact on an individual's functioning in all areas of life. Individuals with personality disorder are more vulnerable to other psychiatric disorders, and personality disorders can complicate recovery from severe mental illness. This article reviews the classification of personality disorder and some common assessment instruments. It also offers a structure for the assessment of personality disorder.

scholarly journals Excess Cancer Mortality in Psychiatric Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Kisely ◽  
Joseph Sadek ◽  
Adrian MacKenzie ◽  
David Lawrence ◽  
Leslie Anne Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
First Admission

Objectives: There are conflicting data on cancer incidence and mortality in psychiatric patients, although most studies suggest that while cancer mortality is higher, incidence is no different from that in the general population. Different methodologies and outcomes may account for some of the conflicting results. We investigated the association between mental illness and cancer incidence, first admission rates, and mortality in Nova Scotia using a standard methodology. Method: A population-based record-linkage study of 247 344 patients in contact with primary care or specialist mental health services during 1995 to 2001 was used. Records were linked with cancer registrations and death records. Results: Cancer mortality was 72% higher in males (95%CI, 63% to 82%) and 59% higher in females (95%CI, 49% to 69%) among patients in contact with mental health services. This was reflected in similarly elevated first admission rates. However, there was weaker and less consistent evidence for increased incidence. For several cancer sites, incidence rate ratios were lower than might be expected given the mortality and first admission rate ratios, and no higher than that of the general population. These were melanoma, prostate, bladder, and colorectal cancers in males. Conclusion: People with mental illness in Nova Scotia have increased mortality from cancer, which cannot always be explained by increased incidence. Possible explanations for further study include delays in detection or initial presentation leading to more advanced staging at diagnosis, and difficulties in communication or access to health care.

scholarly journals “Approach”: the Harlow mental health information service

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hillam ◽  
Stephen Stansfeld
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Department ◽  
Mental Health Information ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Community Psychiatric

An important emphasis in developing community psychiatric services has been to increase accessibility of psychiatric services to the public (Department of Health, 1989). This might mean not simply informing people about available services but also providing advice about mental illness and where individuals might seek further help, either for themselves or for others about particular problems.

scholarly journals Ethnic disparities in receiving benefits for disability following postpartum mental illness during first two years after delivery: an Israeli nationwide study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bella Savitsky ◽  
Irina Radomislensky ◽  
Zhanna Frid ◽  
Natalia Gitelson ◽  
Saralee Glasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Social Security Benefits

Abstract Background Despite relatively high rates of Postpartum Depression (PPD), little is known about the granting of social security benefits to women who are disabled as a result of PPD or of other postpartum mood and anxiety disorders (PMAD). This study aims to identify populations at risk for underutilization of social security benefits due to PMAD among Israeli women, with a focus on ethnic minorities. Methods This retrospective cohort study is based on the National Insurance Institute (NII) database. The study population included a simple 10% random sample of 79,391 female Israeli citizens who gave birth during 2008–2016 (these women delivered a total of 143,871 infants during the study period), and who had not been eligible for NII mental health disability benefits before 2008. The dependent variable was receipt of Benefit Entitlement (BE) due to mental illness within 2 years following childbirth. Maternal age at delivery, population group, Socio-Economic Status (SES), family status, employment status of the mother and her spouse, and infant mortality were the independent variables. Left truncation COX proportional hazard model with time-dependent variables was used, and birth number served as a time discrete variable. Results Bedouin and Arab women had significantly lower likelihood of BE (2.6 times lower and twice lower) compared with other ethnic groups (HR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.26–0.56; HR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.37–0.60 respectively). The probability of divorced or widowed women for BE was significantly higher compared to those living with a spouse (HR = 3.64; 95% CI: 2.49–5.33). Lack of employment was associated with higher likelihood of BE (HR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.30–1.82). Income had a dose-response relationship with BE in multivariable analysis: lower income was associated with the nearly four-fold greater probability compared to the highest income quartile (HR = 3.83; 95% CI: 2.89–5.07). Conclusions Despite the exceptionally high prevalence of PMAD among ethnic minorities, Bedouins and Arabs had lowest likelihood of Benefit Entitlement. In addition to developing programs for early identification of postpartum emotional disorders among unprivileged ethnic groups, awareness regarding entitlement to a mental health disability allowance among ethnic minorities should be improved.

Modifying Effects of Coping Strategies on the Relation of Organizational Role Stress and Mental Health

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Srivastava ◽  
H. S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Role Stress ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Organizational Role ◽  
Approach Coping

The study examined the modifying effects of ‘approach’ and of ‘avoidance’ coping strategies on the relation of organizational role stress and mental health in a sample of 300 industrial supervisors. A significant positive relationship was noted between role stress and mental ill health. The approach-coping group reported mote role stress but scored lower on the measure of mental ill health in comparison to avoidance-coping group. Analysis also showed that approach-coping markedly alleviated and avoidance-coping strategies intensified the harming effects of role stress on mental health.

Organisational Climate and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour of Employees in Selected Private Companies in South-East, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abimbola A. Akanni ◽  
Kelechi I. Ndubueze
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Organisational Climate ◽  
Psychological Scales ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigated the relationship between organisational climate and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) among employees of selected private companies in south-eastern Nigeria. It examined the relationship between each of the three dimensions of organisational climate (reflexivity, innovation and outward focus) and OCB. A total of 262 (Male = 184; Female = 78) respondents that were randomly selected among employees of private manufacturing companies in Abia state participated in the study. Data were collected through standardised psychological scales viz organisational climate measure (OCM) and organisational citizenship behaviour checklists (OCBC). Data were analysed using Multiple Regression. Results revealed that organisational climate significantly predicted OCB. It further showed a significant positive relationship between reflexivity and OCB, innovation and OCB and a significant inverse relationship between outward focus and OCB. The study concluded that organisational climate had a significant positive relationship with OCB among employees of private companies in Abia state. The study recommended that private organisations need to promote a positive organisational climate as much as possible to facilitate adequate display of OCB.

Describing mental health services: the development of a mental health census in the North-West of England

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Huxley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mental Health Foundation

In the United Kingdom, national policy and local service provision both direct provision towards people with a severe mental illness (NHS and Community Care Act, 1990; Department of Health, 1993, 1994). An independent report by the Mental Health Foundation (1994), a leading mental health charity, recommended that the Department of Health “promulgates a practical definition of severe mental illness (SMI) in order to concentrate attention and services on those in greatest need”.In order to assess the extent to which a provider or a purchaser has focused attention upon the SMI, definitions are being developed in most services in the UK; this will facilitate the quantification of the number and proportion of SMI in contact with services. The definitional approach uses a (variable) number of criteria to determine status as a severely mentally ill person. It is essentially categorical because the individual is placed in one of two categories, SMI or not-SMI.

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