Varieties of Combat Stress Reaction

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Garb ◽  
I. Kutz ◽  
A. Bleich ◽  
Z. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Combat Stress Reaction ◽  
Post Traumatic

The use of an immunological metaphor allows the incorporation of established theoretical ideas about trauma and stress in an integrative way which enables delineation and illustration of several varieties of combat stress reaction, including subtle forms of that condition which do not often appear in post-traumatic stress disorder literature.

The treatment of “shell shock” in World War 1: Early attitudes and treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder and combat stress reaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S636-S636
Author(s):  
H. Matson
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Shell Shock ◽  
Combat Stress Reaction ◽  
Post Traumatic

Combat stress reaction is a mental health disorder first documented in the latter half of the 19th century. But it was not until World War 1 when men were put through the horrific ordeals of trench warfare that the term, “shell shocked” was coined. Many soldiers with shell shock then developed what is now called post-traumatic stress disorder (though the term was not defined until 1983) or acute stress disorder. The prevailing opinion was that these men who had often not suffered from any physical trauma were sufferers of cowardice. The British army created the PIE (proximity, immediacy, and expectancy) principles to get such men back to the trenches promptly where manpower was always needed. It was rarely regarded as a real psychiatric condition, which had two consequences. Firstly, that many soldiers progressed from shell shock to post-traumatic stress disorder and secondly, over 150 soldiers were executed by the British army for, “displaying cowardice” whilst in the grip of the illness. The diagnosis of “shell shock” was to be made increasingly frequently as wars became larger and more mechanized throughout the 20th century. Psychiatrists’ management of such patients initially was primitive and influenced by the zeitgeist that such servicemen were not ill, having never come across such a widespread prevalence of mental health problems until the Great War. These ranged from prescriptions of milk to lobotomies. Understanding how “shell shock” was understood, treated and learning from the mistakes made then, continues to inform management of our patients today.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Characteristic psychiatric symptomatology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in veterans: a three year follow-up

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahava Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Combat Stress Reaction ◽  
Post Traumatic

SYNOPSISThis study assessed the clinical picture of two groups of Israeli veterans of the Lebanon war: (a) veterans who sustained a combat stress reaction (CSR) (N = 213), and (b) matched controls not so diagnosed (N = 116). Subjects were screened at three points – one, two, and three years after their participation in the war. The results indicated that Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was correlated with a wider range of general psychiatric symptomatology, as measured by the SCL-90. Moreover, among PTSD veterans, those who suffered from an antecedent CSR reported wider and more severe symptomatology. This trend was observed at all three time points. The most salient symptoms were obsessive-compulsive tendencies and anxiety, followed by depression and hostility.

scholarly journals THE PSYCHOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER THROUGH MILITARY PERSONNEL’S CREATIVE WRITING

10.23856/4205 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Tetiana Khraban
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Poetic Discourse ◽  
Post Traumatic

The aim of this paper is to study the linguistic markers of manifestation in the modern non-institutional military-poetic discourse of consequences of combat stress, which the Ukrainian army servicemen experienced during military operations. This study focuses on an integrated approach combining pragmatic and cognitive approaches in the framework of discourse analysis. Analysis of the military-poetic discourse has proved that combat stress takes a toll in the poetry of military personnel in the form of signs of the emotional and psychological state, which is taken as post-traumatic stress disorder. These signs are: reference to recurring disturbing dreams (nightmares) and obsessive troubling flashbacks relating to war; a subconscious desire to forget what has happened; persistent negative emotional and psychological state, which manifests itself in negative feelings, moods and emotions such as: depression, anger, rage, hatred, mistrust, resentment, humiliation, letdown, confusion from not understanding what is happening; persistent inability to experience positive emotions; depersonalization; feeling of isolation, alienation from other people; persistent and exaggerated expectations from others, which manifests itself in negative beliefs and/or blaming yourself and others. To protect their psyche from the destructive effects of a traumatic situation, servicemen use such self-regulation strategy as involvement in artistic creativity, in which poetry works as a type of social and psychological rehabilitation. The rewind technique, psychodrama and cognitive restructuring are the most essential elements of self-regulation strategies used by the participants in the Joint Forces Operation.

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