Response of Depressive Symptoms to Nortriptyline, Phenelzine and Placebo

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Georgotas ◽  
Robert E. Mccue ◽  
Eitan Friedman ◽  
Thomas B. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Diurnal Variation Of Mood ◽  
Better Than

The effects of nortriptyline, phenelzine, and placebo on 13 symptoms of depression were compared in 75 patients, aged 55 or over, who were suffering from major depression. Nortriptyline and phenelzine were more effective than placebo in treating depression mood, guilt feelings, suicidal ideation, agitation, anxiety, loss of energy, and a.m. diurnal variation of mood. Nortriptyline was better than phenelzine or placebo in improving middle/late insomnia. Most of the symptoms did not show significant improvement until the fourth week of treatment.

Diurnal variation of mood and neuropsychological function in major depression with melancholia

1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P.R. Moffot ◽  
R.E. O'Carroll ◽  
J. Bennie ◽  
S. Carroll ◽  
H. Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Neuropsychological Function ◽  
Diurnal Variation Of Mood

scholarly journals Comparison of Cognitive-Affective Symptoms of Depression Between Cases of Low and High Suicidal Ideation in Medical Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Nuzhat Aisha Akram ◽  
Nazia Jameel ◽  
Bushra Iftikhar ◽  
Tahira Assad ◽  
Farhan Muhammad Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Medical Colleges

Objective: To compare the severity of cognitive, affective and somatic symptoms of depression between two samples of medical students with high and low suicidal ideation using Beck Depression Inventory Study Design and Setting: This is a cross sectional study conducted in public and private medical colleges in Karachi from September-December 2018. Methodology: A total of 150 normal healthy students with 75 each from public and private medical colleges in Karachi were sampled through purposive sampling technique. Beck depression inventory (BDI) with twenty one items for depressive symptoms was used. Suicidal ideation was assessed using item 9 of BDI and participants were identified as having high and low suicidal ideation. Remaining twenty items of BDI were categorized as affective, cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression. Severity of each symptom was assessed through BDI score on a 4-point scale. Hypothesis testing for difference in BDI scores of depressive symptoms between high and low suicidal ideation cases was performed through independent sample t tests. Result: BDI showed significantly higher suicidal ideation in public medical colleges’ students. Cases with high suicidal ideation showed higher prevalence of five cognitive (past failure, feeling guilty, self-image, feeling of being punished, crying spells), four affective (sadness, irritability, decision making, self-dislike) and one somatic (physical health) symptoms of depression. Conclusion: Significant higher prevalence of affective and cognitive symptoms of depression was found among cases of higher suicidal ideation

What Is IPT?

2017 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Myrna M. Weissman ◽  
John C. Markowitz ◽  
Gerald L. Klerman
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The People ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

IPT is a time-limited, specified psychotherapy developed initially for patients with major depressive disorder and later adapted for other disorders as well. IPT is based on the idea that the symptoms of depression have multiple causes, genetic and environmental. Whatever the causes, however, depression does not arise in a vacuum. Depressive symptoms are usually associated with something going on in the patient’s current personal life, usually in association with people the patient feels close to. The goals of IPT are to reduce the symptoms of depression and to help the patient deal better with the people and life situations associated with the onset of symptoms. This chapter provides an overview of the underlying theory and discusses the concepts and goals of this treatment. The types of depression are defined: major depression, MDD, dysthymic (persistent depressive) disorder, bipolar disorder, and mild depression.

Effects of partial sleep deprivation on the diurnal variation of mood and motor activity in major depression

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 817-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Szuba ◽  
Lewis R. Baxter ◽  
Lynn A. Fairbanks ◽  
Barry H. Guze ◽  
Jeffrey M. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Partial Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Diurnal Variation Of Mood

scholarly journals HIV in South Africa - depression and CD4 count

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M YH Moosa ◽  
F Y Jeenah ◽  
M Voster
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Affective Components

Objective. Published studies on the prevalence of depressive symptoms using rating scales and the relationship between depression and immune status offer inconsistent results. Depressive symptoms are common and impact on functioning, quality of life, and health status, highlighting the importance of diagnosis and treatment of patients with HIV infection. The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of depression among HIV-positive patients using the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and to determine a relationship, if any, between depressive symptoms and CD4 count.Method. Forty-one patients aged 18 years or more were recruited from the HIV outpatient clinic. All the subjects completed the 21-item BDI and their CD4 counts were determined. Patients who had a score of 10 or more on the BDI were considered positive for a depressive disorder.Results. More than half (56%) of the study sample had a BDI of ≥ 10 indicating significant symptoms of depression. There was no significant difference in the CD4 counts between the depressed and non-depressed groups (p > 0.05), and no correlation between CD4 counts and BDI scores in the total study sample (r = 0.27, p > 0.05). The affective components of the BDI contributed significantly to the overall BDI score compared with the somatic component (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The evidence from the study supports the BDI as a suitable measure for identifying those patients who meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria for minor or major depression. The HIV epidemic is the most serious health challenge in South Africa and it is imperative that HIV-infected patients who complain of fatigue or insomnia be screened routinely for major depression, followed by a structured interview to confirm the diagnosis.

How accurate is recall of key symptoms of depression? A comparison of recall and longitudinal reports

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ELISABETH WELLS ◽  
L. JOHN HORWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Symptom Measures

Background. Assessment of lifetime major depression is usually made from a single interview. Most previous studies have investigated reliability. Comparison of recall of key symptoms and longitudinal reports shows the accuracy of recall, not just reliability.Method. At age 25, 1003 members of the Christchurch Health and Development Study cohort were asked to recall key symptoms of depression (sadness, loss of interest) up to age 21. This recall was compared with longitudinal reports at ages 15, 16, 18 and 21 years. Diagnosis was by DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria.Results. Only 4% of those without previous reports recalled key symptoms. Of those with a diagnosis of depression up to age 21, 44% recalled a key symptom. Measures of severity of an episode (number of symptoms, impairment, duration, suicidality) and chronicity (years with a diagnosis, years with suicidal ideation) all strongly predicted recall. Current key symptoms increased recall, even after taking account of severity and chronicity. Being female and receiving treatment also predicted recall, although odds ratios were reduced to 1·6–1·7 when all other predictors were included. Comparison of risk factors for key symptoms showed similar results from longitudinal reports and recall. Sexual abuse, neuroticism, lack of parental attachment, gender, physical abuse and maternal depression were major risk factors in both sets of analyses.Conclusions. Forgetting of prior episodes of depression was common. Severity, chronicity, current depression, gender and treatment predicted recall. Lifetime prevalence based on recall will be markedly underestimated but the identification of major risk factors may be relatively little impaired.

Obese youths are not more likely to become depressed, but depressed youths are more likely to become obese

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2143-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Roberts ◽  
H. T. Duong
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundOverweight/obesity and depression are both major public health problems among adolescents. However, the question of a link between overweight/obesity and depression remains unresolved in this age group. We examined whether obesity increases risk of depression, or depression increases risk of obesity, or whether there is a reciprocal effect.MethodA two-wave prospective cohort study of adolescents aged 11–17 years at baseline (n = 4175) followed up a year later (n = 3134) sampled from the Houston metropolitan area. Overweight was defined as 95th percentile >body mass index (BMI) ⩽85th percentile and obese as BMI >95th percentile. Three indicators of depression were examined: any DSM-IV mood disorder, major depression, and symptoms of depression.ResultsData for the two-wave cohort indicated no evidence of reciprocal effects between weight and depression. Weight status predicted neither major depression nor depressive symptoms. However, mood disorders generally and major depression in particular increased risk of future obesity more than twofold. Depressed males had a sixfold increased risk of obesity. Females with depressive symptoms had a marginally increased risk of being overweight but not obese.ConclusionsOur findings, combined with those of recent meta-analyses, suggest that obese youths are not more likely to become depressed but that depressed youths are more likely to become obese.

scholarly journals The structure of the symptoms of major depression: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in depressed Han Chinese women

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1391-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
S. Aggen ◽  
S. Shi ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Psychiatric Syndrome ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThe symptoms of major depression (MD) are clinically diverse. Do they form coherent factors that might clarify the underlying nature of this important psychiatric syndrome?MethodSymptoms at lifetime worst depressive episode were assessed at structured psychiatric interview in 6008 women of Han Chinese descent, age ⩾30 years with recurrent DSM-IV MD. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatoryfactor analysis (CFA) were performed in Mplus in random split-half samples.ResultsThe preliminary EFA results were consistently supported by the findings from CFA. Analyses of the nine DSM-IV MD symptomatic A criteria revealed two factors loading on: (i) general depressive symptoms; and (ii) guilt/suicidal ideation. Examining 14 disaggregated DSM-IV criteria revealed three factors reflecting: (i) weight/appetite disturbance; (ii) general depressive symptoms; and (iii) sleep disturbance. Using all symptoms (n = 27), we identified five factors that reflected: (i) weight/appetite symptoms; (ii) general retarded depressive symptoms; (iii) atypical vegetative symptoms; (iv) suicidality/hopelessness; and (v) symptoms of agitation and anxiety.ConclusionsMD is a clinically complex syndrome with several underlying correlated symptom dimensions. In addition to a general depressive symptom factor, a complete picture must include factors reflecting typical/atypical vegetative symptoms, cognitive symptoms (hopelessness/suicidal ideation), and an agitated symptom factor characterized by anxiety, guilt, helplessness and irritability. Prior cross-cultural studies, factor analyses of MD in Western populations and empirical findings in this sample showing risk factor profiles similar to those seen in Western populations suggest that our results are likely to be broadly representative of the human depressive syndrome.

Race, ethnicity, and suicidal ideation: Moderating effects of rumination and depressive symptoms

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumia Cheref ◽  
Robert Lane ◽  
Lillian A. Polanco-Roman ◽  
Regina Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Race Ethnicity
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