Depression in the General Population: Comparability of Survey Results

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. J. Craig ◽  
G. W. Brown ◽  
T. O. Harris
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Research Centres

Bebbington (1986) draws attention to a possible cause for concern regarding the comparability of recent epidemiological research utilising the PSE-ID-CATEGO system of psychiatric caseness deter mination. In taking issue with our observation that cases in our recent community survey (Brown et al, 1985) were broadly similar in terms of severity to those reported in a recent series of out-patients (Sashidharan, 1985), he makes the point that such conclusions are only justifiable when it can be con fidently assumed that thresholds for symptom in clusion are applied uniformly between research centres. He argues that this assumption may well be invalid and marshalls two arguments to suggest that the Bedford team may have adopted less stringent rating thresholds. Firstly, he draws attention to the very different population prevalences of disorder reported in recent surveys, contrasting one-year prevalence figures for the Bedford College survey in Islington (Brown elal, 1985) withthelowerrates reported for other investigations in Edinburgh (Dean eta!, 1983) and Camberwell (Bebbington et al, 1981). Secondly, he reminds us of the body of evidence which suggests that psychiatrists operate stricter criteria for PSE symptoms than their lay colleagues (Wing et al, 1977a; Sturt et al, 1981).

Syphilis in Mental Hospital Practice

1937 ◽  
Vol 83 (345) ◽  
pp. 472-477
Author(s):  
David Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Hospital Practice ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
One Year

Dr. Prentice said that syphilis, in its incidence, diagnosis and treatment, presented, in mental hospital practice, problems which differed from those met with in dealing with the disease in general practice and in V.D. clinics. In the former its incidence was higher than in the general population, and that was largely because many of those whose nervous system had become affected by the later stages of the infection ultimately developed a psychosis. Drugs which were efficacious in somatic syphilis showed but little therapeutic effect in the treatment of the nervous system when affected by syphilis. There was a wide variation in the syphilis occurrence-rate among new admissions to mental hospitals, namely, from 5% to 31%; there was no doubt that incidence varied in different parts of the country; for instance, at Whittingham Mental Hospital, Lancashire, the male admissions in one year showed 21–9% with syphilis, and females 8–9%. At Narborough in the past two years—using the same methods of diagnosis—the positive males were only 7–7%, the females 4–6%. It was difficult to estimate reliably what proportion of the general population suffer from syphilis, but comparison of the figures of the Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases with those given by numerous workers in mental hospitals—excluding cases of general paresis and meningo-vascular syphilis—showed that the part played by syphilis in the ætiology of ordinary mental diseases must be a very small one. Bearing in mind the body-mind relationship, any toxic or infective process which could be a factor in the ætiology of mental illness should be dealt with. Even if the disease were predominantly psychogenic, all possible physiogenic factors should be eliminated or dealt with.

scholarly journals Demographic and Clinical Profile of Tuberculous Mastitis Patients at Tebet General Hospital, Jakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Desak Ketut Nari Swari Pramegia ◽  
Rio Putratama Achmad Faried ◽  
Kelvin Setiawan ◽  
Bramastha Aires Rosadi ◽  
Terry Renata Lawanto
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Unilateral Involvement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Possible Cause

Aim: Objective of the study is to find out the demographic and clinical profile of tuberculous mastitis (TM) patients. Methods: The study was carried out for a period of one year from August 2017 to August 2018 at Tebet General Hospital. Histopathologically diagnosed cases of TM were retrospectively studied. Results: All eight patients diagnosed as suffering from TM were females with the mean age of 37.25 years. Of these, two patients were lactating, six others were not, and 75% were multiparous. Unilateral involvement was observed in all cases. The right breast was affected in 62.5% and left breast in 37.5% cases. Patients presented with a solitary lump on one breast (87.5%), swelling of the breast (37.5%), and breast pain (100%). In the present study, two of the patients had previous positive tuberculosis (TB) contact and more than half found to be below an average economic level. All the patients were negative on the HIV test; also, there was no focus of TB elsewhere in the body. Conclusion: Tuberculosis should be considered as one possible cause of either mastitis or breast abscess. Histopathology examination played an important role in the diagnosis of TM. Standardized sequence for the diagnosis of TM is needed to increase awareness of the disease.

The Depressed Elderly Living in the Community

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ben-Arie ◽  
M. Welman ◽  
A. F. Teggin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
One Year ◽  
Elderly Living ◽  
Course Of Depression

In a 1982 community survey, 23 elderly respondents were rated as having a depressive disorder by catego. Twenty survivors were followed up three and a half years later. The depression had remitted within one year in seven cases but nine were still depressed. There is a need for ongoing education of GPs about the recognition and course of depression in the elderly.

scholarly journals Contacts to the healthcare system prior to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Zylyftari ◽  
S.G Moller ◽  
M Wissenberg ◽  
F Folke ◽  
C.A Barcella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
General Population ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
One Year ◽  
Public Grant ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Background Patients who suffer a sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) may be preceded by warning symptoms and healthcare system contact. Though, is currently difficult early identification of sudden cardiac arrest patients. Purpose We aimed to examine contacts with the healthcare system up to two weeks and one year before OHCA. Methods OHCA patients were identified from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry (2001–2014). The pattern of healthcare contacts (with either general practitioner (GP) or hospital) within the year prior to OHCA of OHCA patients was compared with that of 9 sex- and age-matched controls from the background general population. Additionally, we evaluated characteristics of OHCA patients according to the type of healthcare contact (GP/hospital/both/no-contact) and the including characteristics of contacts, within two weeks prior their OHCA event. Results Out of 28,955 OHCA patients (median age of 72 (62–81) years and with 67% male) of presumed cardiac cause, 16,735 (57.8%) contacted the healthcare system (GP and hospital) within two weeks prior to OHCA. From one year before OHCA, the weekly percentages of contacts to GP were relatively constant (26%) until within 2 weeks prior to OHCA where they markedly increased (54%). In comparison, 14% of the general population contacted the GP during the same period (Figure). The weekly percentages of contacts with hospitals gradually increased in OHCA patients from 3.5% to 6.5% within 6 months, peaking at the second week (6.8%), prior to OHCA. In comparison, only 2% of the general population had a hospital contact in that period (Figure). Within 2 weeks of OHCA, patients contacted GP mainly by telephone (71.6%). Hospital diagnoses were heterogenous, where ischemic heart disease (8%) and heart failure (4.5%) were the most frequent. Conclusions There is an increase in healthcare contacts prior to “sudden” OHCA and overall, 54% of OHCA-patients had contacted GP within 2 weeks before the event. This could have implications for developing future strategies for early identification of patients prior to their cardiac arrest. Figure 1. The weekly percentages of contacts to GP (red) and hospital (blue) within one year before OHCA comparing the OHCA cases to the age- and sex-matched control population (N cases = 28,955; N controls = 260,595). Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): European Union's Horizon 2020

School or Guidance Counselor: How the Title Influences Public Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 2156759X2098103
Author(s):  
Emily Baker ◽  
Brett Zyromski ◽  
Darcy Haag Granello
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Guidance Counselor ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Professional Title ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceptions Of School

School counselors are one of the few professions that remain split on their professional title. We replicated a previous study to determine whether the results of the original study measuring the impact of language on perceptions of school counselors’ competency were replicable by surveying a sample of the general population. Participants who completed the surveys with the term “guidance counselor” were statistically less likely to believe that school counselors were able to perform the 25 tasks assessed on the survey. Results suggest that the title impacted participants’ perceptions of the competence of school counselors.

ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG HAZARDOUS ADMINISTRATION OF MALE MEDICINE STUDENTS IN THAI BINH UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY IN 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Thu Nga ◽  
Nguyen Thi Ai ◽  
Nguyen Ha My ◽  
Bui Thi Huyen Dieu ◽  
Pham Tuan Dat
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Smoking Group ◽  
One Year

The study was designed according to descriptive epidemiological research through an analytical cross-sectional investigation. Directly interviewing 434 male students of joint medicine at Thai BinhUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy in 2020. Results Research shows: Up to 69.0% of subjects who are smoking have smoking time more than 5 years; 40.8% of those who had smoked in the pastwere in the group who smoked less than one year. In the currently smoking group, up to 82.8% of the subjects had tried to quit and started smoking again. 85.3% of subjects chose to try to quit smokingwithout assistance, accounting for the highest percentage of the smoking cessation methods chosen by the subjects in the study.

Suicide in psychiatric inpatients in Ireland

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Corcoran ◽  
Dermot Walsh
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Secure Environment ◽  
One Year

AbstractObjectives:To establish suicide rates of psychiatric inpatients in Ireland and the characteristics, demographic, social and medical, of the patients involved.Method:Clinical, post mortem and inquest data on all such deaths from 1983-1992 were examined. Suicide rates were calculated using ‘person year method’.Results:The suicide rate for short stay inpatients (stay less than one year) was 319/100,000, and 118/100,000 for long stay patients. The average duration of illness at time of suicide was 10 years. A fourfold increase in suicide rate of inpatients over the century was associated with a similar increase in the suicide rate in the general population. Thirty five per cent of suicides were aged 25-34 years. The risk of suicide was higher the shorter the time interval after admission. Three quarters of suicide deaths in registered inpatients occurred away from hospital grounds.Conclusions:Social factors which contribute to an increase in the suicide rate in the general population are relevant to the increase in hospital inpatient suicides. More effective and comprehensive services to meet the needs of those with severe mental illness, particularly young adults, are essential. The results emphasise the importance of managing inpatients in a safe, secure environment. The person year method is appropriate for monitoring changes in suicide rates.

scholarly journals Fear of body symptoms and sensations in patients with panic disorders and patients with somatic diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Latas ◽  
Danilo Obradovic ◽  
Marina Pantic
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
General Population ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Somatic Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Body Sensations ◽  
High Level

Introduction. A cognitive model of aetiology of panic disorder assumes that people who experience frequent panic attacks have tendencies to catastrophically interpret normal and benign somatic sensations - as signs of serious illness. This arise the question: is this cognition specific for patients with panic disorder and in what intensity it is present in patients with serious somatic illness and in healthy subjects. Objective. The aim of the study was to ascertain the differences in the frequency and intensity of 'catastrophic' cognitions related to body sensations, and to ascertain the differences in the frequency and intensity of anxiety caused by different body sensations all related to three groups of subjects: a sample of patients with panic disorder, a sample of patients with history of myocardial infarction and a sample of healthy control subjects from general population. Methods. Three samples are observed in the study: A) 53 patients with the diagnosis of panic disorder; B) 25 patients with history of myocardial infarction; and C) 47 healthy controls from general population. The catastrophic cognitions were assessed by the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ) and the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ). These questionnaires assess the catastrophic thoughts associated with panic and agoraphobia (ACQ) and the fear of body sensations (BSQ). All study subjects answered questionnaires items, and the scores of the answers were compared among the groups. Results. The results of the study suggest that: 1) There is no statistical difference in the tendency to catastrophically interpret body sensations and therefore to induce anxiety in the samples of healthy general population and patients with history of myocardial infarction; 2) The patients with panic disorder have a statistically significantly more intensive tendency to catastrophically interpret benign somatic symptoms and therefore to induce a high level of anxiety in comparison to the sample of patients with the history of serious somatic illness (myocardial infarction) and the sample of healthy general population. Conclusion. The tendency to catastrophically interpret benign somatic symptoms and therefore to induce a high level of anxiety in patients with panic disorder, confirms the cognitive aetiology model of panic disorder and suggests that it should be the focus of prophylactic and therapeutic management of patients with panic disorder.

scholarly journals Contamination of food with cadmium and dioxins – influence on the human body

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Słojewska ◽  
Izabela Gutowska
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Contaminated Food

Introduction: Food is a carrier of many pollutants nowadays. For cadmium and dioxins, it is the main source of these compounds in the general population. Hence, the aim of this work was to collect data on the health effects associated with exposure to cadmium and dioxins which get into the human body through food.Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted by searching the scientific Medline database (PubMed) and Google Scholar.Results: Health effects associated with a long-term exposure to low doses of cadmium and dioxins may be nonspecific and are rarely attributed to food sources. These may cause disorders affecting hormonal balance, kidney function, lipid metabolism, fertility, cognitive function, bone mineralization, and susceptibility to diseases and allergies. These compounds may also lead to cancer development.Conclusions: The general population faces the problem of longterm exposure to small doses of these substances due to their accumulation in the body, even if their amounts do not exceed the relevant standards. The health effects of this type of exposure may be significantly delayed and are not likely to be attributed to the consumption of contaminated food. Consumers wishing to reduce the amounts of these compounds delivered to the body should limit the consumption of grilled and smoked products, and should also opt for organic food.

scholarly journals OSTEORADIONEKROSIS PASCA EKSTRAKSI GIGI PASIEN DENGAN RIWAYAT KANKER NASOFARING

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Yayun Siti Rochmah
Keyword(s):  
Neck Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dental Extraction ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Radio Therapy ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Immunity Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
One Year

Background: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) post dental extraction is post dentalextraction complication with post radiation cancer theraphy. Objective : to present rare case, ORN post dental extraction with post radiation Ca nasopharing therapy 3 years ago.Case Management: A 54 years old patient reported to the dental out-patient department with a chief complaint of pus discharge from right buccal since post dental extraction 6 months ago. He gave a history of a nasopharing Carcinoma with histopatology as squamous cell carcinoms 3 years ago and radio therapy but no surgery. Intraoral examination, exposed necrotic bone found from right lower retromolar area 46 with pus discharge. Radiographic view was likely squester. Local surgical debridement and the sequestrectomy was undertaken with general anaesthesia. Antibiotic injection treatment was ceftriaxon 2x 1gram, infus metronidazol 3x500 mg and ketorolac 3x1 ampul, the patient was treated for 3 days and educated to maintain his oral hygiene with povidone iodine gargle.Discussion: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is late effect of radiation therapy thatresults in irreversible tissue death, which is clinically observed as bony exposure for more than 3 months duration. The mandible is affected more often than the maxilla or any other bones of head and neck region. The incidence of ORN in the mandible is reported to be between 2% and 22% and most often affects the body of the mandible. Ideal time is one year minimal post radiotherapy to get maximal vascularization for optimal healing. But immunity factor and radiation doses can trigger emergense ORN.Conclusion: Need time consideration, clinic analysis and pathologys before doing dental extraction for post radiotherapy cancer cases to prevent ORN.

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