The Scottish First Episode Schizophrenia Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin G. McCreadie ◽  
David H. Wiles ◽  
John W. Moore ◽  
Stewart M. Grant ◽  
George T. Crocket ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Social Role ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Self Report ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
State Examination

An assessment of 31 main care-giving relatives living with schizophrenics was carried out using the General Health Questionnaire and the Social Adjustment Scale by Self Report. More than 75% of relatives had a high probability of themselves being a psychiatric case. Relatives also showed social role dysfunction and impairment especially marked in social and leisure activities. Relatives' distress was related to the level of symptoms in patients, as assessed by the Present State Examination.

Pre-Admission Adaptive Functioning as a Measure of Prognosis in Psychiatric Inpatients

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Mellsop ◽  
Kathryn Peace ◽  
Thakshan Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Adjustment Scale

This prospective study examined the concept of pre-admission adaptive functioning and its relationship with outcome. Pre-admission adaptive functioning was assessed by the self-report Social Adjustment Scale and the therapist rated Axis V of DSM-III. In addition, an instrument designed to look separately at the areas of interpersonal relationships, occupational functioning and use of leisure time was given to a subgroup. These measures were compared with outcome at six months as assessed by the General Health Questionnaire. Adaptive functioning proved to be a significant predictor of outcome, with the Social Adjustment Scale being a better predictor than Axis V for the whole group. In contrast, for patients with schizophrenia, the initial Axis V rating was the best predictor of the outcome score. Statistically significant correlations were found between the three areas of adaptive functioning for the group as a whole but, when examined by diagnosis, they proved to be statistically significant only in the schizophrenia sub-group, suggesting that it would be invaluable to rate the three areas separately in non-psychotic patients.

Adult Attachment, Social Adjustment, and Well-Being in Drug-Addicted Inpatients

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Delvecchio ◽  
Daniela Di Riso ◽  
Adriana Lis ◽  
Silvia Salcuni
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attachment Pattern

In recent years, attachment studies have gathered overwhelming evidence for a relation between insecure attachment and drug addiction. The existing literature predominantly addresses attachment styles and little attention is given to attachment-pattern–oriented studies. The current study explored how attachment, social adjustment, and well-being interact in 40 (28 men, 12 women; ages 20–52 years, M = 32.3, SD = 9.4) inpatients with drug addiction. The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP), the Social Adjustment Scale–Self-report (SAS-SR), and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) were administered. Descriptive statistics were computed as well as differences between patterns of attachment in all variables were measured. None of the inpatients showed a secure attachment pattern: 7 scored as dismissing (18%), 5 preoccupied (12%) and 28 unresolved (70%). AAP stories were mainly connected with themes of danger, lack of protection, and helplessness. Inpatients classified as unresolved reported significantly higher maladjustment on the SAS-SR and GHQ-28 than those with resolved attachment patterns. Implications for clinicians and researchers are presented.

AESTHETIC AND ART EDUCATION AS A SOCIOCULTURAL PHENOMENON

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
S. I. Kolbysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Art Education ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Classical Culture ◽  
The Individual

The article analyzes the phenomenon of aesthetic and art education in the context of postnon- classical culture, which most fully reflects the peculiarities of the worldview orientations and values of a modern man, and is a kind of reference point for determining the scientific and theoretical basis for the development of this phenomenon at the present time. The article reveals the reasons for strengthening the social role of aesthetic and art education, which connects it with the values of the family, leisure activities and informal education. Aesthetic and art education is considered as a “living” organism that is in constant motion, able to respond to sociocultural changes, and in its rhizomaticity does not ignore the heterogeneity of the surrounding world; as an integral component of education in general, which is found in the community of key tasks focused on “human creativity” in the context of value and meaning categories of culture. It is justified the shift from information and knowledge pedagogy to pedagogy of meaning, actualizing the importance of processes of self-identification, harmonizing the relationship between man and the world, itself based on the parity of dialogical forms of cognition; the transfer of dynamics of artistic and creative activities to the internal world of the individual and the updating on this basis of strategies of irrational thinking. In conclusion, the author is concerned about the level of humanitarian culture in the society and studies aesthetic and art education as an effective mechanism for its development, as a general cultural value internalized by society.

Social Adjustment of Remitted Bipolar and Unipolar Out-patients

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bauwens ◽  
A. Tracy ◽  
D. Pardoen ◽  
M. Vander Elst ◽  
J. Mendlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Social Adjustment Scale

Various areas of social adjustment were compared using the Social Adjustment Scale in 27 remitted bipolars, 24 remitted unipolars and 25 normal controls matched for age and sex. Scores for global adjustment and for social and leisure activities were significantly worse in patients than in controls. The maladjustment in social and leisure activities appeared only in ‘contact with friends' for bipolar patients and ‘diminished social interactions' for unipolar patients. Unipolar patients differed significantly from controls on the items investigating sexual adjustment. In unipolars, social maladjustment seemed to be independent of the course of the disease; in bipolars, it was partly related to the mean number of lifetime episodes and current residual symptoms.

Validation of the General Health Questionnaire in a young community sample

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Banks
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Relative Independence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Misclassification Rates ◽  
State Examination

SYNOPSISValidity coefficients of the 30-item, 28-item and 12-item versions of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were determined by comparison with the Present State Examination (PSE) in a sample of 200 17-year-olds. The PSE classified 7 people (3·5%) as cases, although only 47% were identified as free of symptoms. Misclassification rates, sensitivity and specificity values are presented for different cutting scores for the three versions of the GHQ. The GHQ-28 had superior values, especially with a cutting score of 5/6; the GHQ-12 with a 2/3 cutting score also had acceptable values. All versions of the GHQ correlated highly with the PSE Index of Definition and total scores, providing support for the treatment of GHQ scores as a continuous variable in this kind of population. Correlations between sub-scales of the GHQ-28 give further evidence for a general factor and the relative independence of the social dysfunction sub-scale.

scholarly journals Predictors and moderators of time to remission of major depression with interpersonal psychotherapy and SSRI pharmacotherapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Frank ◽  
G. B. Cassano ◽  
P. Rucci ◽  
W. K. Thompson ◽  
H. C. Kraemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychomotor Activation

BackgroundAlthough many studies suggest that, on average, depression-specific psychotherapy and antidepressant pharmacotherapy are efficacious, we know relatively little about which patients are more likely to respond to one versus the other. We sought to determine whether measures of spectrum psychopathology are useful in deciding which patients with unipolar depression should receive pharmacotherapy versus depression-specific psychotherapy.MethodA total of 318 adult out-patients with major depression were randomly assigned to escitalopram pharmacotherapy or interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) at academic medical centers at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Pisa, Italy. Our main focus was on predictors and moderators of time to remission on monotherapy at 12 weeks.ResultsParticipants with higher scores on the need for medical reassurance factor of the Panic–Agoraphobic Spectrum Self-Report (PAS-SR) had more rapid remission with IPT and those with lower scores on the psychomotor activation factor of the Mood Spectrum Self-Report (MOODS-SR) experienced more rapid remission with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) pharmacotherapy. Non-specific predictors of longer time to remission with monotherapy included several panic spectrum and mood spectrum factors and the Social Phobia Spectrum (SHY) total score. Higher baseline scores on the 17- and 25-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scales (HAMD-17 and HAMD-25) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) also predicted a longer time to remission, whereas being married predicted a shorter time to remission.ConclusionsThis exploratory study identified several non-specific predictors but few moderators of psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy outcome. It offers useful indicators of the characteristics of patients that are generally difficult to treat, but only limited guidance as to who benefits from IPT versus SSRI pharmacotherapy.

scholarly journals Psychodramatic psychotherapy combined with pharmacotherapy in major depressive disorder: an open and naturalistic study

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Maria Sene Costa ◽  
Rosilda Antonio ◽  
Márcia Britto de Macedo Soares ◽  
Ricardo Alberto Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Adjustment Scale

OBJETIVE: Recent literature has highlighted the role of psychotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Combined therapies comprising both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy have presented the best results. Although several kinds of psychotherapies have been studied in the treatment of depressive disorders, there remains a lack of data on psychodramatic psychotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of psychodramatic psychotherapy (in a sample of major depressive disorder patients. METHOD: This is an open, naturalistic, controlled, non-randomized study. Twenty major depressive disorder patients (according to the DSM-IV criteria), under pharmacological treatment for depression, with Hamilton Depression Scale total scores between 7 and 20 (mild to moderate depression), were divided into two groups. Patients in the psychotherapeutic group took part in 4 individual and 24 structured psychodramatic group sessions, whilst subjects in the control group did not participate in this psychodramatic psychotherapy. Both groups were evaluated with the Social Adjustment Scale - Self Report and the Hamilton Depression Scale. RESULTS: Psychotherapeutic group patients showed a significant improvement according to the Social Adjustment Scale - Self Report and the Hamilton Depression Scale scores at endpoint, compared to those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that individual and group psychodramatic psychotherapy, associated to pharmacological treatment, provides good clinical benefits in the treatment of major depressive disorder.

Social adjustment in generalised anxiety disorder: a long-term placebo-controlled study of venlafaxine extended release

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Boyer ◽  
Vincent Mahé ◽  
David Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
The Social

AbstractThe objective of this analysis was to evaluate the short- (8 weeks) and long-term (24 weeks) efficacy of three fixed doses of venlafaxine extended release (ER) and placebo on the social adjustment of patients with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). We analysed data from 544 outpatients who participated in a 24-week, double-blind, multicentre, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study conducted at 55 centres in five countries. All patients meet the DSM-IV criteria for GAD and were randomly assigned to receive venlafaxine ER 37.5, 75, and 150 mg or matched placebo administered orally once daily. Social adjustment was measured using the Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report, which explores social adaptation in the areas of work, social and leisure, extended family, primary relationship (marital), parental, and family unit. At baseline, the GAD patients had a high level of social dysfunction. Venlafaxine ER showed a dose-related improvement in social impairment during short-term treatment and in sustaining this improvement over the long-term. In the most severely socially impaired subgroup, placebo remission rates on the HAM-A were low, and the magnitude of the venlafaxine-placebo difference on the mean HAM-A total score was high, reaching more than 7 points. The benefits of venlafaxine ER treatment of GAD extend beyond that of improvement of anxiety symptoms to a significant improvement in the impairment of functioning that is associated with the illness.

scholarly journals T86. RELEVANCE OF CANNABIS USE AS A PREDICTOR OF CLINICAL OUTCOME IN FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDER PATIENTS OVER 24 MONTHS OF TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S264-S264
Author(s):  
Frederika Scheffler ◽  
Hilmar Luckhoff ◽  
Stefan du Plessis ◽  
Lebogang Phahladira ◽  
Laila Asmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Background Cannabis use is generally associated with an unfavourable course of illness in first-episode schizophrenia, including non-remission of psychopathology symptoms, higher rates of relapse and re-hospitalization, and poorer functioning. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of cannabis use on clinical and treatment outcomes in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients over 24 months of assured antipsychotic treatment. Methods The present longitudinal study included 123 minimally treated or antipsychotic-naive first-episode patients assessed over 24 months of treatment with flupenthixol decanoate according to a standardized regimen. Time to relapse, rates of symptomatic and functional remission, as well as recovery were compared between cannabis users (n=41) and non-users (n=82) stratified based on a combination of self-report and urine toxicology results over the course of treatment. In addition, visit-wise changes in psychopathology severity and overall functioning were compared between these two study groups. We hypothesized that 1) ongoing cannabis use would present with more severe psychopathology and poorer overall level of functioning, and 2) rates of remission and recovery would be lower in cannabis users compared to their non-using counterparts. Results At study entry, cannabis-using patients were younger, more likely to be male and to use methamphetamine, and scored lower in social and occupational functioning. Moreover, while cannabis users were more likely to relapse at any point over 24 months of treatment, cannabis non-users were more likely to achieve remission within the first six months, although this effect was not statistically significant. However, our most important finding was the interaction between cannabis use and time for total psychopathology as well as for the PANSS positive factor. While differences were not evident at either study entry or endpoint, cannabis users recovered at a slower rate than non-users. Discussion These results suggest a poorer treatment response in cannabis users compared to non-users in the context of assured adherence to antipsychotic medication. Therefore, regardless of the neurobiological impact of cannabis use in schizophrenia, the behaviour of substance use itself needs to be targeted as part of first-line treatment in order to improve the treatment outcomes of substance-using patients.

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