The Mental Health of Elderly Couples I. The Effects of a Cognitively Impaired Spouse

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Eagles ◽  
J. A. G. Beattie ◽  
G. W. Blackwood ◽  
D. B. Restall ◽  
G. W. Ashcroft
Keyword(s):  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Practice Population ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation

In a general practice population, 274 elderly married couples completed the Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ), the 60-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Leeds General Scales for the Self-assessment of Depression and Anxiety. The only relationship detected between cognitive impairment on the MSQ and psychiatric morbidity in the partner was a fairly weak negative correlation between the wives' MSQ and the Leeds Depression score of their husbands. These findings differ from those of previous studies, which have found high rates of psychiatric morbidity in the relatives of demented patients, and the possible reasons for these differences are discussed. Most importantly, other studies have involved the relatives of patients referred to psychiatric services, and these families may be quite different from those in which the demented relative is not referred to a psychiatrist.

The Mental Health of Elderly Couples II. Concordance for Psychiatric Morbidity in Spouses

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Eagles ◽  
L. G. Walker ◽  
G. W. Blackwood ◽  
J. A. G. Beattie ◽  
D. B. Restall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Health ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
The Self ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Self Assessment

A community sample of elderly married couples completed the 60-item General Health Questionnaire and the Leeds General Scales for the Self-Assessment of Depression and Anxiety. Significant concordance was demonstrated between the spouses' scores on these scales. Concordance was higher for depression than for anxiety. There was little to support previous findings that wives are more likely than husbands to be concordant with an ill spouse. The spouse concordance rates for psychiatric morbidity were similar to those found in studies of younger married couples.

Psychiatric morbidity in general practice and the community

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Goldberg ◽  
Clifford Kay ◽  
Linda Thompson
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Practice Population ◽  
Systematic Random Sample

SynopsisThe ‘General Health Questionnaire’ was used to assess the psychiatric morbidity among 365 consecutive attenders at a general practice and to compare this with a systematic random sample of 213 patients drawn from the lists of the same practice. Those attending a general practitioner are shown to be more psychiatrically disturbed than a random sample of the practice population, and this difference remains when those attending for psychological symptoms are discounted. Various social and demographic characteristics which distinguish between those who do and those who do not attend a doctor with a given set of psychological symptoms are described.

The Mental and Physical Health of Female Sex Workers: A Comparative Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Romans ◽  
Kathleen Potter ◽  
Judy Martin ◽  
Peter Herbison
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the mental and physical health, adult abuse experiences and social networks of female sex workers with data previously collected from two large community samples of age-matched women. Method: A convenience sample of sex workers were interviewed and completed two wellestablished questionnaires, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the Intimate Bond Measure (IBM). Sex workers were invited to reflect on their experiences of their work. Results: There were no differences in mental health on the GHQ-28 or in self-esteem (measured by an item on the Present State Examination) between the two groups. Neither were there any differences in their assessment of their physical health or the quality of their social networks. Sex workers were less likely to be married and had been exposed to more adult physical and sexual abuse than the comparison group. They were more likely to smoke and to drink heavily when they drank. One-third said that their general practitioner was not aware of their work. A subgroup not working with regular clients or in a massage parlour had higher GHQ-28 scores and may be an at-risk group. Narrative information about the work, particularly its intermittent nature, is presented. Conclusions: No evidence was found that sex work and increased adult psychiatric morbidity are inevitably associated, although there may be subgroups of workers with particular problems. The illegal and stigmatized nature of sex work are likely to make usual public health strategies more difficult to apply, considerations which should give concern from a preventive health standpoint.

Validity and reliability of the Self-administered-Psycho-TherApy-SystemS (SELFPASS) depression and anxiety self-assessment item pool: a cross-sectional online survey (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn Mayer ◽  
Svenja Hummel ◽  
Nadine Gronewold ◽  
Oetjen Neele ◽  
Thomas Hilbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Underlying Factor

BACKGROUND E-mental-health applications targeting at depression and anxiety have gained increased attention in mental health care. Daily self-assessment is an essential part of e-mental-health apps. The app SELFPASS (Self-administered-Psycho-TherApy-SystemS) is a self-management app to manage depressive and anxious symptoms. A self-developed item pool with 40 depression items and 12 anxiety items is included to provide symptom specific suggestions for interventions. However, the psychometric properties of the item pool have not yet been tested. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the SELFPASS item pool that has been developed for an internet-based daily self-assessment of depressive and anxious symptoms. METHODS An online link with the SELFPASS item pool and validated mood assessment scales were distributed to healthy subjects and patients who had received a diagnosis of a depressive disorder within the last year. Two scores were derived from the SELFPASS item pool: SELFPASS depression (SP-D) and SELFPASS anxiety (SP-A). The reliability was examined using Cronbach’s α. The construct validity was assessed via Pearson correlations with the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the General Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) and the WHO-5-Wellbeing-Scale (WHO-5). A logistic regression was performed as an indicator for concurrent criterion validity of SP-D and SP-A. A factor analysis provides information about the underlying factor structure of the item pool. Item-scale-correlations were calculated in order to determine item quality. RESULTS A total of n=284 participants were included, with n=192 (67.6%) healthy subjects and n=92 (32.4%) patients. Cronbach’s α was α=0.94 for SP-D and α=0.88 for SP-A. We found significant positive correlations of SP-D and PHQ-9 (r=0.87, P<.001), SP-A and GAD-7 (r=0.80, P<.001), and negative correlations of SP-D and WHO-5 (r=-0.80, P<.001) and SP A and WHO-5 (r=-.69, P<.001). Increasing scores of SP-D and SP-A led to increased odds of belonging to the patient group (SP-D: OR=1.03 (1.01 – 1.05), P<.001; SP-A: 1.05 (1.05 – 1.01), P=.01). The item pool showed two factors with one that consisted of mood-related items and another factor with somatic-related items. CONCLUSIONS The SELFPASS item pool showed good psychometric properties in terms of reliability, construct and criterion validity. However, the underlying factor structure could not be reduced to the two diagnostic categories depression and anxiety, but to a more mood related and a rather somatic factor. Few items should be replaced for future use.

Psychiatric and Social Outcome of Liver Transplantation

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Collis ◽  
Andrew Burroughs ◽  
Keith Rolles ◽  
Geoffrey Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Nottingham Health Profile ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundThis study measures psychiatric morbidity, quality of life, and cognitive function after liver transplantation.MethodWe undertook a cross-sectional study, with a longitudinal subgroup. The setting was a tertiary referral centre for liver transplantation. The subjects were 30 post-liver-transplantation patients, including 11 also interviewed before the operation. The main outcome measures were the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).ResultsOf the patients, 8/30 were CIS cases, and 7/30 were GHQ cases. NHP scores were higher than a previous postal study indicated, with less impairment after than before transplant. MMSE scores were 24–30. Median GHQ was 7.0 before operation and 1.0 after operation (P = 0.03), with no significant change in CIS score.ConclusionLiver transplantation improves quality of life, but not to the level of the general population; post-transplantation patients have a prevalence of psychiatric morbidity comparable with that of general medical patients.

Psychiatric Morbidity among Dunedin Chinese Women

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cheung ◽  
George Spears
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Family Reunion ◽  
Case Identification

A community postal survey of minor psychiatric morbidity among Chinese women living in Dunedin was conducted. The 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used as the case identification instrument. The overall rate of psychiatric morbidity of Dunedin Chinese women did not differ from their European counterparts. The sociodemographic factors found to be associated with minor psychiatric morbidity included having no children, and being either very well or very poorly educated. Among (foreign born) migrants, those who were born in China, whose reason for migration was “follow the lead of their family” or “family reunion”, had resided in NewZealand for ten years or more and spoke English infrequently tended to have higher psychiatric morbidity.

scholarly journals Quality of life of blind people’s carers

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Lewandowski ◽  
Iwona Smotryś ◽  
Angelika Puls ◽  
Anita Radziejewska ◽  
Magda Płocharczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Sight Loss

Introduction: Quality of life is a multidimensional concept and a subjective value that depends on many factors. Disability caused by sight loss induces changes for both patients and their carers. The function of a blind person’s carer is usually performed by family members, whose limited knowledge limits their ability to help effectively and satisfactorily. This, in turn, may lead to their reduced sense of the quality of life.The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life of blind people’s carers.Materials and methods: The study was conducted September–October 2016 and involved 130 blind peoples’ carers using a diagnostic poll. Short Form Survey SF-36 and a specially designed questionnaire were used. The majority of participants were women (69.23%), married couples (63.1%), with high school education (40.77%).Results: Wellbeing self-assessment indicated that 36.15% of carers considered their mental condition to have worsened, while 43.08% remained at the same level when compared to 1 year earlier. Analysis of quality of life showed that carers very highly rated their physical functioning 59.46 ±26.35; social functioning 57.4 ±26.12; vitality 55.48 ±23.27; and emotional functioning 54.81 ±29.24.Conclusions: Quality of life tends to gradually deteriorate as the carers grow older. The carer’s educational background and the professional activity of the disabled person influence the assessment of the carer’s quality of life.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of psychiatric morbidity in Egyptian sample of dementia patients’ caregivers: a comparative descriptive study

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Abd El Razek ◽  
Walaa Sabry ◽  
Heba Hendawy ◽  
Dalia Hegazy ◽  
Marwa Soultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Caregiver Group

Abstract Background A strong relationship between dementia caregiving and negative consequences on psychological health of caregivers has been established in numerous studies. A meticulous evaluation of caregiver mental status function is of utmost importance to gain better insight into daily caregiver functioning and to alleviate their high levels of burden. This study evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidities and their sociodemographic and clinical correlates among a sample of dementia caregivers in Egypt. Twenty-five caregivers of patients with dementia were collected and compared with regard to their psychiatric morbidity with 25 careers of patients with chronic physical diseases. Patients were subjected to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Arabic versions of activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and caregivers were interviewed using the Arabic version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Results Caregiver’s burden was significantly higher among the dementia caregiver group than the non-dementia group. Moreover, dementia caregivers provided more aid with a higher total of ADLs and provided help for more IADLs than did the non-dementia caregivers. They also showed higher psychiatric morbidity. Such morbidity was found to be related to hours of caring, years of caring, GHQ, ZBI, ADL/IADL, BPSD, and MMSE. On the other hand, ADL, IADL, and GHQ scores had the highest predictive significance of caregiver’s burden in our study. Conclusions Caregivers of patients with dementia are subjected to more burden and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders than the other caregiver group. That should raise a flag to pay extra support and care for those people, which in turn will benefit both the patient and the health care authorities in terms of quality and cost of the care provided.

scholarly journals A Possible Role for Pioglitazone in the Management of Depressive Symptoms in Metabolic Syndrome Patients (EPICAMP Study): A Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Roohafza ◽  
Pedram Shokouh ◽  
Masoumeh Sadeghi ◽  
Zahra Alikhassy ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Present Trial

The present trial aimed to evaluate the effects of pioglitazone on the mental status of nondiabetic metabolic syndrome patients. From 145 patients screened, 104 eligible volunteers (57% female; age 20–70 years) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either pioglitazone (uptitrated to 30 mg/day; P=53) or matching placebo (P=51) for 24 weeks. Depression and anxiety were quantified using the hospital anxiety and depression scale and stress level using the general health questionnaire 12 at baseline, week 12, and endpoint. Homeostasis model assessment was used to estimate insulin resistance. At week 24, pioglitazone was superior in mitigating depression score (P=0.011). In trend analysis, the effect of time (P<0.001) and group (P=0.023) as well as the time by group interaction (P=0.032) on the mean depression score was considerable. In contrast, significant decrements in anxiety and stress levels (P<0.001 and P=0.012, resp.) were comparable between two groups. With respect to our findings, alterations in depression severity were not correlated with changes in insulin resistance level (P=0.145). In conclusion, our findings suggest that pioglitazone might be able to improve mood in nondiabetic insulin resistant patients. (Registered at Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; ACTRN12611000351910.)

Screening for Psychiatric Morbidity in Subjects Presenting with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Farmer ◽  
Helen Chubb ◽  
Irene Jones ◽  
Janis Hillier ◽  
Andy Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Serial Correlation ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Icd 10

BackgroundThere is a need for a valid self-rating questionnaire to screen for psychiatric morbidity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). This study had the aim of assessing the utility and validity of two commonly used measures.MethodScores obtained on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were compared with various diagnostic and severity ratings obtained via a validating clinical interview, the Schedules for the Clinical Assessment of Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) in 95 consecutively referred subjects at a medical out-patient clinic who fulfilled standard criteria for CFS, and 48 healthy controls. Outcome measures were validating coefficients and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) for different thresholds and scoring on GHQ and BDI and index of definition (ID) as measured by SCAN; and Pearson and point by serial correlation coefficients for different diagnostic groups derived via SCAN and defined according to ICD–10 and DSM–III–R.ResultsGHQ and BDI perform poorly as screeners of psychiatric morbidity in CFS subjects when compared with various SCAN derived ratings although results for controls are comparable with other studies.ConclusionsNeither the GHQ nor BDI alone can be recommended as screeners for psychiatric morbidity in CFS subjects.

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