Long-term Psychiatric Patients in the Community

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jones ◽  
M. Robinson ◽  
M. Goughtlev
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
Health Review

The reduction of mental hospital populations in Britain and the United States has generated a considerable amount of literature on policy, but detailed studies of the effects on patients and the conditions under which they live after discharge are rare. In the United States, a National Institute of Mental Health review of the literature commented that “the question of what actually happens to patients who leave mental hospitals and re-enter the community is largely unanswered” (Bachrach, 1976).

scholarly journals Hybrid Telepsychiatry: A United States Perspective with Relevance to India

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 108S-112S
Author(s):  
Srinagesh Mannekote Thippaiah ◽  
Vijaykumar Harbishettar ◽  
Manoj Kumar T ◽  
Ananda Pandurangi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
Home Based

Telepsychiatry provides a platform for mental health care delivery in rural and remote areas. Hybrid Telepsychiatry model combines home-based telepsychiatry with domiciliary visits by community mental health workers. This involves use of different modes of teledevices which ensures safe and secure clinical platform. Research evidence supports that incorporating this model seems to use the specialist time efficiently where the resources are limited and services need to be catered for larger geographical community. The current telepsychiatry practice in the United States, specifically the hybrid model, has indisputably shown significant benefits in caring for psychiatric patients. Such valuable clinical model and its relevance to current mental practice and also its application in the Indian scenario can be helpful in providing comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment. This review evaluates and highlights the potential risks and benefits of adopting the hybrid telepsychiatry model in the Indian mental health system.

Things Get Rolling

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Edward Shorter
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
York State ◽  
The World ◽  
The University

The take-off of psychopharmacology in the mental-hospital world began in the vast asylum system of New York State in the early 1950s. Henry Brill ordered the state system to introduce chlorpromazine in 1955, which led to the first decrease in the census of the state asylum system in peacetime. Sidney Merlis and Herman Denber implemented chlorpromazine in their hospitals and, with Brill, began a series of publications on the drugs and their efficacy. Pharmacologist and psychiatrist Joel Elkes established the first department of experimental psychiatry in the world in 1951 at the University of Birmingham in England. Finally, the chapter examiunes the historical heft of the National Institute of Mental Health, which in 1953 opened the “intramural” (in-house) research program where much of the research in psychopharmacology done in the United States has occurred.

Delivering Mental Health Assistance in the Wake of Natural and Manmade Disasters

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-66
Author(s):  
Alec Cecil
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Disaster Mental Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
The Impact

Disasters, both natural and manmade, seem to be occurring with increasing frequency in the United States and around the world. A single incident may affect many thousands of people. Collectively, many millions feel the impact of disaster every year. Addressing the psychological elements of such events has become recognized as a vital component of preparation, immediate response, and long-term recovery. This chapter reviews the major psychological aspects of disasters and disaster mental health (DMH) and highlights the importance of psychosocial assistance to survivors, responders, and others. DMH is designed to comfort and stabilize those affected, to promote effective coping, and to help maintain and restore inherent functioning. Factors that inhibit greater provision and utilization of these services are discussed, as is the importance of responding appropriately within the cultural environment of affected populations.

Do we still need mental hospitals?

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Burti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
Custodial Care

“The debate is over” claimed a heading in a newspaper on the 1991 Amsterdam WHO conference ‘Changing mental health care in the cities of Europe’: “After half a century of debate of the issue of deinstitutionalisation the question is not any more if we should close the large mental hospitals, but what follows the closure and how to develop adequate community mental health care which replaces the functions of the mental hospital” (Gersons & Burns, 1992).These ‘functions’ have actually secured the long-lasting success of the mental hospital which has been in the past and, to a certain extent, still is in a number of countries, the cornerstone of psychiatric care. It incorporates all the functions of a psychiatric system in a single, usually isolated facility, including crisis intervention, evaluation, treatment, aftercare, long-term custodial care, rehabilitation, etc. In order to phase down the mental hospital these functions have to be supplemented by newly established, discrete services disseminated in the community. The process is clearly a complex one, since it implies a transition from a system of care provided only in mental hospitals under medical direction, to one that is comprehensive in scope, community-orientated, and staffed by multidisciplinary teams.

scholarly journals Exploring Family Multi-type Maltreatment, Social Support, and Externalizing and Internalizing Problems Among Asian and Asian American College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yoko Baba ◽  
James D. Lee ◽  
Michael E. Vallerga
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Asian American College Students

Exposure to family violence as a child has a detrimental long-term impact on one’s life. This relationship is under-researched in Asian populations in the United States or in Asian countries. This study examined long-term effects of maltreatment, including interparental violence and child maltreatment on externalizing and internalizing problems experienced by Asian and Asian American college students. We also explored protective effects of social support against the negative consequences of family maltreatment. Surveying 542 college students in Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, and the United States, we measured effects of family maltreatment on problem outcomes and examined the role of social support. Exposure to dual harm of family maltreatment (i.e., intraparental violence and child maltreatment) increased students’ externalizing problems compared to exposure to one type of family maltreatment, but no differences in internalizing behaviors were found. Effects of social support from parents and peers on externalizing and internalizing problems were neither moderating nor mediating, but direct. Those who received parental support had fewer externalizing behaviors, but effects of peer support were not significant. In contrast, those who obtained parental and peer support showed lower levels of internalizing mental health concerns. Surprisingly, men exhibited more mental health issues than women. Exposure to dual harm increases behavioral problems, but family support can help repair damage among Asian and Asian American college students. The relationship between abuse and problem outcomes was similar across countries, indicating common psychological processes.

Contending Professions: Sciences of the Brain and Mind in the United States, 1850–2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Scull
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Psychiatry ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
The Brain

ArgumentThis paper examines the intersecting histories of psychiatry and psychology (particularly in its clinical guise) in the United States from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present. It suggests that there have been three major shifts in the ideological and intellectual orientation of the “psy complex.” The first period sees the dominance of the asylum in the provision of mental health care, with psychology, once it emerges in the early twentieth century, remaining a small enterprise largely operating outside the clinical arena, save for the development of psychometric technology. It is followed, between 1945 and 1980, by the rise of psychoanalytic psychiatry and the emergence of clinical psychology. Finally, the re-emergence of biological psychiatry is closely associated with two major developments: an emphasis that emerges in the late 1970s on rendering the diagnosis of psychiatric illnesses mechanical and predictable; and the long-term effects of the psychopharmacological revolution that began in the early 1950s. This third period has seen a shift the orientation of mainstream psychiatry away from psychotherapy, the end of traditional mental hospitals, and a transformed environment within which clinical psychologists ply their trade.

Speech-Language Pathology in the Peace Corps: Necessity and Sustainability

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Peace Corps ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Language Pathology

In countries other than the United States, the study and practice of speech-language pathology is little known or nonexistent. Recognition of professionals in the field is minimal. Speech-language pathologists in countries where speech-language pathology is a widely recognized and respected profession often seek to share their expertise in places where little support is available for individuals with communication disorders. The Peace Corps offers a unique, long-term volunteer opportunity to people with a variety of backgrounds, including speech-language pathologists. Though Peace Corps programs do not specifically focus on speech-language pathology, many are easily adapted to the profession because they support populations of people with disabilities. This article describes how the needs of local children with communication disorders are readily addressed by a Special Education Peace Corps volunteer.

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