Applied Relaxation Training for Generalised Anxiety and Panic Attacks:

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Tarrier ◽  
Chris Main
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Applied Relaxation ◽  
At Home

The results of applied relaxation training in patients with generalised anxiety and panic attacks are reported. ART was taught during one session, by means of participant demonstration, written instructions, taped instructions, or a combination of all three, with instructions to practise at home. All four methods proved superior to a waiting list control, but there were no differences between the treatment groups. There was some evidence for the non-specific effect of expectancy, but this did not completely explain the treatment effect.

Relaxation Training and Home Practice in the Treatment of Anxiety

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Flanders ◽  
J. Regis McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Home Practice ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Relaxation Exercises ◽  
At Home

To ascertain whether home practice was an important component of the relaxation treatment for anxiety, highly anxious undergraduates practiced relaxation at home, practiced it in a group, and were put on a waiting-list control. Subjects who practiced relaxation at home had significantly greater reductions in anxiety than those who only practiced it as part of a group. However, compliance with doing the relaxation exercises ( n = 27) was not significantly correlated with reduction of anxiety.

The Effects of Therapist Presence and Relaxation Training on the Efficacy and Generalizability of in vivo Exposure

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. AuBuchon ◽  
Karen S. Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Exposure Sessions ◽  
Therapist Presence ◽  
All Treatment

The present study examined the effects of therapist presence and the addition of relaxation training on the efficacy and generalizability of in vivo exposure procedures in the treatment of multiply-phobic individuals. Thirty-two individuals who were severely phobic of at least two objects/situations were assigned to one of three treatment groups or a waiting list control group, but received treatment for only one phobia. The Exposure Alone group received prolonged exposure to a phobic stimulus while alone in a room with that stimulus. The Exposure + Relaxation group were also exposed to a phobic stimulus but had received additional training in a relaxation technique. Subjects in the Exposure + Therapist group were accompanied by a nonanxious/nonavoiding “therapist” during exposure sessions. All treatment groups improved significantly, but the Exposure + Therapist group demonstrated significantly greater extinction of fear responses related to the treated phobias than the other groups. The Exposure + Relaxation group demonstrated the greatest generalization of treatment effects to untreated phobias. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Effectiveness of transdiagnostic seminars to support patients with common mental disorders: a multi-service practice research network study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Chris Gaskell ◽  
Ryan Askey-Jones ◽  
Martin Groom ◽  
Jaime Delgadillo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Post Treatment Effect

Abstract Background: This was a multi-site evaluation of psycho-educational transdiagnostic seminars (TDS) as a pre-treatment intervention to enhance the effectiveness and utilisation of high-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of TDS combined with high-intensity CBT (TDS+CBT) versus a matched sample receiving CBT only. Second, to determine the consistency of results across participating services which employed CBT+TDS. Finally, to determine the acceptability of TDS across patients with different psychological disorders. Method: 106 patients across three services voluntarily attended TDS while on a waiting list for CBT (TDS+CBT). Individual and pooled service pre–post treatment effect sizes were calculated using measures of depression, anxiety and functional impairment. Effectiveness and completion rates for TDS+CBT were compared with a propensity score matched sample from an archival dataset of cases who received high-intensity CBT only. Results: Pre–post treatment effect sizes for TDS+CBT were comparable to the matched sample. Recovery rates were greater for the group receiving TDS; however, this was not statistically significant. Greater improvements were observed during the waiting-list period for patients who had received TDS for depression (d = 0.49 compared with d = 0.07) and anxiety (d = 0.36 compared with d = 0.04). Conclusions: Overall, this new evidence found a trend for TDS improving symptoms while awaiting CBT across three separate IAPT services. The effectiveness of TDS now warrants further exploration through an appropriately sized randomised control trial.

Effects of Three Different One-Hour Single-Session Treatments for Test Anxiety

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell S. Ricketts ◽  
R. Edward Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Change Scores ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design

The effects of three different 1-hr. treatments for test anxiety were investigated using 155 undergraduate volunteers. The subjects were assigned by a block-randomized design to three treatment groups and a placebo procedure. The data showed that subjects in the relaxation-training group reported greater reductions of anxiety than those in the placebo procedure. No significant differences for academic achievement change scores were found among the groups. As with most lengthier treatments, a single 1-hr. session may reduce self-reported test anxiety but not improve academic achievement.

scholarly journals Progression of Aortic Calcification in Stage 4–5 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Transitioning to Dialysis and Transplantation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Roosa Lankinen ◽  
Markus Hakamäki ◽  
Tapio Hellman ◽  
Niina S. Koivuviita ◽  
Kaj Metsärinne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Aortic Calcification ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
In The Beginning

<b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and associated with increased mortality. Comparative data on the AAC score progression in CKD patients transitioning from conservative treatment to different modalities of renal replacement therapy (RRT) are lacking and were examined. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 150 study patients underwent lateral lumbar radiograph to study AAC in the beginning of the study before commencing RRT (AAC1) and at 3 years of follow-up (AAC2). We examined the associations between repeated laboratory tests taken every 3 months, echocardiographic and clinical variables and AAC increment per year (ΔAAC), and the association between ΔAAC and outcomes during follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At the time of AAC2 measurement, 39 patients were on hemodialysis, 39 on peritoneal dialysis, 39 had a transplant, and 33 were on conservative treatment. Median AAC1 was 4.8 (0.5–9.0) and median AAC2 8.0 (1.5–12.0) (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). ΔAAC was similar across the treatment groups (<i>p</i> = 0.19). ΔAAC was independently associated with mean left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (log LVMI: β = 0.97, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and mean phosphorus through follow-up (log phosphorus: β = 1.19, <i>p</i> = 0.02) in the multivariable model. Time to transplantation was associated with ΔAAC in transplant recipients (per month on the waiting list: β = 0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.001). ΔAAC was associated with mortality (HR 1.427, 95% confidence interval 1.044–1.950, <i>p</i> = 0.03). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> AAC progresses rapidly in patients with CKD, and ΔAAC is similar across the CKD treatment groups including transplant recipients. The increment rate is associated with mortality and in transplant recipients with the time on the transplant waiting list.

Paroxetine in the Treatment of Panic Disorder a Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oehrberg ◽  
P. E. Christiansen ◽  
K. Behnke ◽  
A. L. Borup ◽  
B. Severin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Efficacy Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Primary Measure

BackgroundThis study compared the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine with placebo in the treatment of panic disorder.MethodAfter three weeks of placebo, patients received 12 weeks of treatment with paroxetine (20, 40, or 60 mg) or placebo, and finally two weeks of placebo. Dosages were adjusted according to efficacy and tolerability. Standardised cognitive therapy was given to all patients. The primary measure of outcome was reduction in the number of panic attacks.ResultsAnalysis of the results showed statistically significant differences in favour of paroxetine between the two treatment groups in two out of the three primary measures of outcome, i.e. 50% reduction in total number of panic attacks and number of panic attacks reduced to one or zero over the study period. For the third measure of outcome, the mean change in the total number of attacks from baseline, there was a positive trend in favour of paroxetine. The results of the primary measures of outcome were strongly supported by the results of the secondary efficacy measures of outcome. In addition, paroxetine, at all doses, was very well tolerated.ConclusionParoxetine plus cognitive therapy was significantly more effective than placebo plus cognitive therapy in the treatment of panic disorder.

scholarly journals Vibrator-Assisted Start–Stop Exercises Improve Premature Ejaculation Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1559-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ventus ◽  
Annika Gunst ◽  
Stefan Arver ◽  
Cecilia Dhejne ◽  
Katarina G. Öberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Premature Ejaculation ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sexual Distress ◽  
Before And After

AbstractPremature ejaculation (PE) is associated with decreased quality of life, lower confidence and self-esteem, and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and interpersonal difficulties. Here we investigated the effectiveness of vibrator-assisted start–stop exercises for treatment of PE, and whether the treatment effect could be enhanced by an additional psychobehavioral intervention. Fifty participants with a mean age of 41.7 years were included and randomized into two treatment groups and a waiting list control group. Participants were instructed to perform start–stop exercises while stimulating the penis with a purpose-made vibrator, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Additionally, participants in one of the treatment groups received additional psychoeducation and performed mindfulness meditation-based body scan exercises three times a week. Data were gathered through online questionnaires before and after treatment, as well as 3 and 6 months after treatment. The interventions reduced PE symptoms with large effect sizes (partial η2 = .20 across the three groups, d [95% CI] = 1.05 [.27, 1.82] and 1.07 [.32, 1.82] for treatment groups compared to waiting list control group). The additional psychobehavioral intervention did not further reduce PE symptoms, but did decrease PE-associated negative symptoms such as levels of sexual distress, anxiety, and depression. No side effects were reported. Vibrator-assisted start–stop exercises can be offered as an adequate treatment option for PE.

Respiratory Control: Its Contribution to the Treatment of Panic Attacks

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Hibbert ◽  
Michael Chan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Provocation Test ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Observer Ratings ◽  
Controlled Breathing ◽  
Respiratory Training

Patients who experienced panic attacks, with or without avoidance, were treated for two weeks with either training in controlled breathing or a placebo treatment. Subsequently, both groups received a limited period of conventional anxiety treatments, most commonly in vivo exposure. Patients were subdivided into ‘hyperventilators' and ‘non-hyperventilators' on the basis of the conventional provocation test. Observer ratings of anxiety showed a greater improvement for the group that received breathing training, but there was no evidence that ‘hyperventilators' benefited more from respiratory training than ‘non-hyperventilators'. Self-report measures of anxiety, avoidance, and depression/dysphoria showed no difference between treatments. These findings suggest that training in controlled breathing is not of specific benefit for those identified as ‘hyperventilators' by the provocation test, but that it may have a non-specific effect in the treatment of patients with panic attacks.

Uterine Changes in Female Mice Following Lifetime Inhalation of Wholly Vaporized Unleaded Gasoline: A Possible Relationship to Observed Liver Tumors?

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Macgregor ◽  
Ward R. Richter ◽  
Renae I. Magaw
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Unleaded Gasoline ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lifetime Exposure

An increased incidence of primary hepatocellular tumors was reported in female B6C3F1 mice following lifetime exposure to high levels (2056 ppm) of wholly vaporized unleaded gasoline. This effect was not observed in male mice, nor in females exposed to either 67 or 292 ppm gasoline. No explanation for the sex and dose-specific effect was discussed in the initial report or has been subsequently published. At necropsy, a decreased incidence of enlarged/cystic uteri was also noted among high dose females; however, no correlating histopathologic changes were reported. Because the liver neoplastic response was limited to the females, and because spontaneous liver tumors are known to be influenced by the hormonal environment, we reexamined the uterine tissues microscopically. We observed a dramatic difference among treatment groups in the severity of cystic endometrial hyperplasia. The incidence of moderate cystic endometrial hyperplasia at the terminal sacrifice was 76% in the control animals whereas none of the animals at the highest exposure level had lesions that were graded moderate or severe. In addition, uterine atrophy was present in 35% of mice examined at the high exposure level and was absent in other groups. The changes noted are consistent with an altered hormonal influence on the uterus. The finding of a decrease in cystic endometrial hyperplasia and an increase in uterine atrophy in the same dose group in which liver tumors were found suggests that these effects may be interrelated.

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