The Clinical Effectiveness of Electrostimulation vs Oral Methadone in Managing Opiate Withdrawal

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gossop ◽  
Brendan Bradley ◽  
Philip Connell ◽  
John Strang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Dependence ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Oral Methadone ◽  
Withdrawal Treatment ◽  
Opiate Addicts

Summary A group of 24 opiate addicts admitted to an in-patient drug dependence unit received either electrostimulation or graduated oral methadone withdrawal. Addicts treated with electrostimulation showed high levels of withdrawal symptoms during the first week of treatment: these reached a peak on Day 3. In this respect electrostimulation was markedly inferior to methadone withdrawal treatment. However, although progressive methadone withdrawal quickly reduced symptoms to a moderate or low level, there was no reduction in symptomatology as late as one month after admission (i.e. after ten days without methadone). The implications of these findings are discussed.

Opiate Withdrawal Symptoms in Response to 10-Day and 21-Day Methadone Withdrawal Programmes

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gossop ◽  
Paul Griffiths ◽  
Brendan Bradley ◽  
John Strang
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Oral Methadone ◽  
Opiate Addicts ◽  
Withdrawal Phase

This study investigates and compares the responses of 132 opiate addicts to a 10-day or a 21-day in-patient oral methadone withdrawal regime. For both groups, symptom severity (on the Opiate Withdrawal Scale) steadily increased through the methadone withdrawal phase, and peaked near the point of completion of the prescribed drug, declining slowly thereafter. Patients on the 10-day programme reported significantly higher peak withdrawal scores than those on the 21-day programme. Although the proportions who completed detoxification were similar, there was a significantly higher drop-out rate immediately after detoxification for the 10-day group. The possible benefits and handicaps of the two withdrawal schedules are considered and recommendations are proposed for further refinement of the present widely adopted approach.

The Influence of Psychological Factors on the Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grania T. Phillips ◽  
Michael Gossop ◽  
Brendan Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome

Psychological and drug-related variables and their effect on the severity of withdrawal symptoms were examined in a group of addicts being withdrawn from opiates on an in-patient drug dependence unit. Two psychological factors—neuroticism and the degree of distress expected by the patient—were related to subsequent severity of symptoms. Both are anxiety-related, and may serve to amplify withdrawal symptoms. Surprisingly, drug dose was unrelated to symptom severity.

scholarly journals An Open-label Randomized Control Trial Comparing Clonidine and Buprenorphine for Medically-Assisted Opium Withdrawal of Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Firouzkouhi Moghadam ◽  
Nour-Mohammad Bakhshani ◽  
Alireza Noroozi ◽  
Farnaz Sharifi Mood ◽  
Shahab Lotfinia
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Treatment Demand ◽  
Withdrawal Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: There is an increasing trend in treatment demand for opioid dependence among adolescents in Iran. However, evidence regarding effective treatment in this population is very limited. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of clonidine and buprenorphine for inpatient medically-assisted withdrawal of adolescents with opioid dependence aged 12 and 16 years. Materials and Methods: The study is an open-label, randomized controlled trial with convenience sampling. In total, 36 adolescents took part in this study who were randomly assigned to buprenorphine or clonidine groups. The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale was used to monitor the withdrawal severity on days one, two, three, seven, and 14. Results: The findings showed both treatments were effective. However, withdrawal symptoms in the buprenorphine group showed a greater reduction in the first seven days of withdrawal treatment. There was no significant difference in the length of hospitalization between the two groups. Patients with a longer duration of opioid use showed higher levels of withdrawal symptoms in the buprenorphine group on days one and three. Conclusions: Buprenorphine treatment was found to be more effective than clonidine in controlling opioid withdrawal during the initial days of treatment. However, it lost its superiority towards the end of the follow-up. It seems that clonidine could be a good alternative to buprenorphine in the medically-assisted withdrawal of adolescents with opioid dependence.

Clinical effectiveness of low-level laser treatment on peripheral somatosensory neuropathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Fallah ◽  
Alireza Mirzaei ◽  
Norbert Gutknecht ◽  
Amir Saberi Demneh
Keyword(s):  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Laser ◽  
Level Laser

Adenosine Triphosphate Blocks Opiate Withdrawal Symptoms in Rats and Mice

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel A. Gomaa ◽  
S. A. Moustafa ◽  
A. A. Farghali
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Rats And Mice

Enkephalin, Drug Addiction and Acupuncture

1977 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Opiate Receptors ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Acupuncture Analgesia ◽  
Acupuncture Stimulation ◽  
Natural Ligand ◽  
The Brain

From the results of clinical and basic research, there is clear evidence the acupuncture analgesia is closely associated with the nervous system, especially the central nervous system. Stimulation of certain acupuncture loci which have been used for analgesia during operations aslo can calm the withdrawal symptoms of morphine and heroin addicts. Acupuncture analgesia can be antagonized by the specific narcotic antagonist, naloxone. These findings suggest the factor or factors produced by acupuncture stimulation would also have agonist activity on opiate receptors. Moreover, the morphine receptors are most concentrated in those parts of the brain concerned with preception of pain and the pathway of acupuncture stimulation. Since the opiate receptors are associated with the synaptic fraction of brain cell membrane preparations, the natural ligand of these receptors may be a neuro-transmitter. Enkephalin has stronger binding affinity to opiate receptors than morphine, which suggests that it is the natural ligand for these receptors. In other words, enkephalin might be the natural "pain killer" produced in the brain to suppress pain. If we summate all the information available now, it is possible to suggest that enkephalin may be the product of the nervous system released by acupuncture stimulation to create an analgesic effect as well as suppress opiate withdrawal symptoms.

Electro Acupuncture Combined Methadone for Withdrawal Symptoms of Opioid Addiction: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyao Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan He ◽  
Lijuan Wu ◽  
Xianrong Feng ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Opioid Addiction ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Opioid addiction is a chronic brain disorder characterized by a series of withdrawalsymptoms in behavioral, psychological, and neurobiological manifestations.Withdrawal symptoms are the main causeof relapse after periods of abstinence; thus,the treatment is focused on abstinence symptoms. Due to most of all types of opioidagonist drugs carry a potential for addiction and exacerbation of withdrawalsymptoms, nondrug methods have great potentials i n clinical applications.Electro acupuncture (EA), as a novel nonpharmacological approach, combined withmethadone has a long term positive efficacy on treating addict ion . Therefore, we designed a protocol to evaluate the adjuvant effect of EA for treating withdrawalsymptoms of opioid addiction addiction.MethodTo review reports of relevant clinical trials, we will searchEnglish language databases(EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) andChinese databases (Chinese Biomedical Lit eratures, China National KnowledgeInfrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP). We will collect documents from the earliestpossible date up t to May 2020. We will also search online trial registries such as ClinicalTrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov/), the European Medicine Agency(www.ema.europa.eu/ema/), and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform(www.who.int/ictrp). We will select randomized controlled trials RCT forwithdrawal from opioid addiction involving EA methadone and methadone alonetreatment. W e will use psychological assessment scales to evaluate treatment majoroutcomes which include numerous components such as OWS, VAS, HAMD, HAMA;then u rinalysis and m ethadone dosage also will be measure as the additional outcomes.Finally, RevMan5 software will be used for literature quality evaluation and dataana lysis.Result: To evaluate the efficacy of EA in combination therapy by observing the outcomes of corresponding scale, urinalysis and decreasing methadone.Conclusion: This protocol will be used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EA in combination with methadone in treatment of opioid addiction withdrawal symptomsAbbreviationsOpioid dependence, OWS=Opiate Withdrawal Scale, VAS=Craving Visual Analog Scale, PWSS=Post-withdrawal symptoms Scale, HAMD=Hamilton Depression Scale, HAMA=Hamilton Anxiety Scale, RCTs =Randomized Controlled Trials, EA=Electrical Acupuncture, PRISMA=Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

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