Controlled Comparison of Aversive Therapy and Imaginal Desensitization in Compulsive Gambling

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel McConaghy ◽  
Michael S. Armstrong ◽  
Alex Blaszczynski ◽  
Clive Allcock
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Compulsive Gambling ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryTwenty compulsive gamblers were randomly allocated, half to receive aversion-relief therapy and half to receive imaginal desensitization; both groups were followed-up for one year. Compared with those who received aversion-relief, gamblers who received imaginal desensitization reported a significantly greater reduction of gambling urge and behaviour; they also showed a significant reduction in trait anxiety at one year and in state anxiety at one month and one year following treatment. A high level of state anxiety at one month following treatment predicted failure to respond to treatment at one year in the subjects who received imaginal desensitization, but not in those who received aversion-relief. The relationship between reduction in anxiety and in gambling urge in response to imaginal desensitization was predicted from the theory that compulsive gambling is driven by aversive tension.

On the Relationship between Machiavellianism and Anxiety among Italian Undergraduates

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nigro ◽  
I. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

139 Italian undergraduates (61 men and 78 women) responded to the Italian version of the Christie's Mach IV scale and to the Italian version of the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Positive correlations between Mach IV scores and both State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety scores were found for both sexes. The authors hypothesized that moderate anxiety may be associated with high Machiavellianism. Further implications of the findings were discussed.

Effects of Color and Trait Anxiety on State Anxiety

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Reeves ◽  
Ed M. Edmonds ◽  
Dollie L. Transou
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
Color Condition ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Trait Theory ◽  
The Relationship

A 2 (trait anxiety) × 4 (color) factorial design was used to determine the effects of red, green, yellow, and blue on state anxiety as a function of high and low trait anxiety. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess both trait (A-Trait) and state (A-State) anxiety for the 10 students assigned to each of the eight treatment combinations. High A-Trait students were significantly more anxious while viewing blue, red, and green than were the low A-Trait students and blue produced significantly more state anxiety than did either yellow or green. These results are consistent with state-trait theory and indicate that the effects of color on state anxiety may be confounded with trait anxiety unless the levels of A-Trait are equivalent for each color condition. The role of cultural and individual differences in the relationship between color and emotion and implications for research are discussed.

Intimacy, Fusion and Frequency of Sexual Contact in Lesbian Couples

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
Sue Blyth ◽  
Gillian Straker
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Lesbian Couples ◽  
Lesbian Relationships ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Personal Assessment ◽  
Very High

It is generally accepted in the literature that, of all couple types, lesbian couples tend to have the lowest frequencies of sexual contact. It has been hypothesized that a reason for this is that lesbian couples are more subject than others to fusion. This study examines the relationship between frequency of sexual contact and fusion in lesbian relationships of duration longer than one year. The concept of fusion has, however, not been clearly defined. Although Mencher (1990), for example, states that fusion is akin to, but not the same as, intense intimacy, fusion is treated within the literature as if it lay on a continuum of intimacy. In the design of this study, fusion was thus defined as a very high level of intimacy, as measured on the Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships (PAIR) Inventory. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated and scatter graphs plotted to explore the possible existence of significant linear and non-linear relationships between fusion and frequency of sexual contact. The results of this study indicate that the conceptualization of fusion as very high intimacy should be questioned. The results suggest that fusion is not synonymous with intense intimacy and this article argues for a clearer definition and operationalizatian of the important concept of fusion.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Concussed Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-755
Author(s):  
K Stephenson-Brown ◽  
A Otwell ◽  
P Schatz ◽  
M Womble ◽  
R J Elbin
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Clinical Visit ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose To document the relationship between concussion symptoms and state anxiety in concussed adolescent athletes. Methods One hundred fifty-three concussed athletes (mean age=16.06, SD=1.62 yrs.) completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at their initial clinical visit within 30 days of injury (M=8.29, SD=6.46 days). Due to violations of normality (Shapiro-Wilk=.95), Spearman’s Rank Order correlations were conducted between STAI state scores and PCSS affective, somatic, cognitive-migraine-fatigue, and sleep clusters and total symptoms. Correlations were also conducted within sub-samples of patients seen within one week (M=3.80, SD=1.72days) and 8 – 30 days post-injury (M=13.91, SD=5.76 days). Statistical significance was set at (p<.05). Results In the total sample (n=153), STAI state scores were significantly associated with total symptoms (r=.54), and the affective (r=.53), sleep (r=.44), cognitive-migraine-fatigue (r=.47), and somatic (r=.33) symptom clusters. All significant relationships among STAI state scores and PCSS total symptoms and symptom clusters were retained for patients seen within 1 week as well as patients completing their first clinical visit 8-30 days post-concussion (p<.05). Conclusion Post-concussion endorsement of concussion symptoms increases as a function of state anxiety. Although the PCSS affective symptom cluster is not a validated measure to diagnose anxiety; these findings support the utility of the PCSS to evaluate for potentially elevated anxiety in concussed adolescent athletes.

scholarly journals Psychological disorders after coronary artery by-pass surgery: a one-year prospective study

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Spezzaferri ◽  
Maddalena Modica ◽  
Vittorio Racca ◽  
Vittorino Ripamonti ◽  
Monica Tavanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
One Year ◽  
Function Number

Background: Coronary artery by-pass surgery (CABG) is often followed by anxiety and depression that require early identification in order to provide adequate psychological support. The predictive role of tests administered soon after CABG on long-term psychological outcomes has been only incompletely explored. Aim, Design and Methods: Aim of this study was to assess post-operative and 12-month persistence of psychological disorders by means of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) and the depression and state and trait anxiety scales of the Cognitive Behavioural Assessment (CBA-2.0) in 118 male patients admitted to cardiac rehabilitation after CABG. Results: Early after CABG we observed a high prevalence of depression (11.8% by MMPI-2 and 12.7% by CBA) and state anxiety (23.5%). At 1-year the MMPI-2 scale D indicated stable mean score and high scores at entry were predictive of persistent depression. Conversely the CBA-2.0 scale QD score significantly decreased (from 3.86±3.19 to 2.91±3.45, p=0.017). Also ST1 state anxiety significantly decreased (from 35.17±6.95 to 32.55±6.72, p=0.003) whereas ST2 trait anxiety was stable. We found no association between psychometric results and ventricular function, number of grafts or time since diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Conclusions: State anxiety and depression by CBA significantly decreased 1-year after CABG; conversely trait anxiety and depression, investigated by MMPI-2, a more specific personality questionnaire, were stable. High scores for the depression in the scale D of MMPI-2 early after CABG seem to be predictive of the persistence of the disorder at 1-year.

Comeditation: An Exploratory Study of Pulse and Respiration Rates and Anxiety

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fasko ◽  
Geri Hall ◽  
Michael R. Osborne ◽  
Richard W. Boerstler Hulen Kornfeld
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Seriously Ill

To achieve deep relaxation in seriously ill persons, Tibetan medicine has employed a breathing process, known as “comeditation,” which requires a caregiver to focus attention on the chest of the reclining patient while making a sound or number keyed to the patient's exhalation. This study investigated the relationship between state and trait anxiety and lowered respiratory rate, using the comeditation procedure. Ten subjects were assigned randomly to either a control or comeditation group. Anxiety was measured on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Analysis indicated a decrease in State-Anxiety scores in the comeditation group, but no differences between groups in pulse and respiration rates or trait anxiety. Implications for theory and research are discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Online Solution-Focused Brief Therapy on Parents with High Level of Anxiety in the COVID 19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mürşide Zengin ◽  
Ceyda Başoğul ◽  
Emriye Hilal Yayan
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Brief Therapy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Solution Focused Brief Therapy ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Solution Focused

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the anxiety levels of parents with children aged 3-6 years due to the COVID 19 pandemic and to examine the effects of Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) applied to parents with high level of anxiety. Methods: The study was conducted as a parallel-group, randomized controlled design. The sample of the study consisted of 77 parents who were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (control group n = 40; intervention group n = 37). One session of online SFBT was applied to the intervention group each week and 4 sessions were applied in total. No intervention was applied to the control group. The data were collected using introductory information form and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). SPSS programme and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) 23 application were used in the analysis of the data. Structural equation modeling was used to examine a hypothesized model that SFBT has both direct and indirect effects on anxiety levels of parents. Results: The state and trait anxiety mean scores of the intervention group decreased compared to the pre-intervention mean scores after the implemented programme. While this difference between state anxiety scores was statistically significant (p≤ .001), the difference between trait anxiety scores was not statistically significant (p> .05). There was no statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test STAI-S and STAI-T total scores of the control group. Conclusions: In the study, it has been found that SFBT applied to parents with high level of anxiety is an effective method in reducing the state anxiety levels of parents.

scholarly journals Anxiety and its influence on maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Camargo de Oliveira Melo ◽  
Marina Cortez Pereira Bonelli ◽  
Rosa Vanessa Alves Lima ◽  
Flávia Azevedo Gomes-Sponholz ◽  
Juliana Cristina dos Santos Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level

Objective: to identify the levels of anxiety and breastfeeding self-efficacy in puerperal women at the intervals of 60, 120, and 180 days postpartum; and to verify the influence of anxiety on breastfeeding self-efficacy among these puerperal women. Method: an analytical, longitudinal and prospective study, conducted with 186 puerperal women, and which used a sociodemographic and obstetric characterization questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form. The analyses were performed by means of descriptive statistics, and Fisher’s Exact Test was used. Results: most of the puerperal women presented low levels of trait anxiety (55.4%) and of state anxiety (66.2% at 60 days, 72.8% at 120 days, and 75.5% at 180 days), and a high level of self-efficacy (77.3% at 60 days, 75.3% at 120 days, and 72.1% at 180 days of puerperium). Low levels of trait anxiety and state anxiety were associated with high self-efficacy at 60 days (p=0.0142 and p=0.0159, respectively). Conclusion: it is necessary to pay greater attention to the mental health of puerperal women, considering that those who presented low levels of anxiety had higher levels of self-efficacy, a situation that can result in longer exclusive breastfeeding.

Trait Anxiety, Perception of Potential Nuclear Hazard, and State Anxiety

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton De Man ◽  
Paul Simpson-Housley ◽  
Fred Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Nuclear Site ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
The Relationship

89 residents of an area located near a designated nuclear site took part in an investigation of the relationship between trait-anxiety and perceptions of potential nuclear disaster and between such perceptions and state anxiety. No significant correlation was found between trait-anxiety and expectation of future accidents or between this measure of anxiety and estimation of potential damage. Expectation of an accident and estimation of damage were significantly related to state anxiety.

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