Prognostic Implications of the Sex of Schizophrenic Patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo Salokangas
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
Work Adjustment ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Prognostic Implications

SummaryIn two follow-up studies of a total of 175 patients, carried out approximately eight years after first hospitalization, men were under hospital care more often and for more prolonged periods than women, but used outpatient services less. At the end there were only small differences in clinical condition between the sexes, but social condition, as depicted by social adjustment, psychosexual situation and work adjustment, was clearly poorer in men than in women. This was perhaps a reflection of the men's poorer premorbid psychosocial development and social role. The differences between the sexes in the prognosis for schizophrenia are considered.

Schizophrenic Patients Discharged from Hospital—A Follow-up Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve C. Johnstone ◽  
David G. C. Owens ◽  
Aviva Gold ◽  
Timothy J. Crow ◽  
J. Fiona Macmillan
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Psychotic Features

SummaryA cohort of 120 patients, comprising all those who met the St Louis criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia, discharged from a mental hospital over a five-year period, were followed-up in the community after an interval of five to nine years; 105 were traced and 94 were alive. Of those, 66 were living in UK, out of hospital, and willing to be seen. Their mental states, and social functioning and circumstances were assessed by interview with the patients and those with whom they lived; 18% had recovered to the extent that they had no significant symptoms and appeared to function satisfactorily. More than 50% had definite psychotic features. No patients and few relatives sought a return to hospital care, but severe emotional, social, and financial difficulties were commonplace; 27% of the sample had no contact with medical or social services, a further 14% saw only community nurses, and 24% only their general practitioners. The findings emphasise the limitations of community services in dealing with the chronicity and severity of the impairments resulting from schizophrenic illness.

A Long-term Follow-up Study of Schizophrenia in Japan -with Special Reference to the Course of Social Adjustment

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Ogawa ◽  
Mahito Miya ◽  
Akio Wataral ◽  
Masao Nakazawa ◽  
Shuichi Yuasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Social Outcome ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

A 21–27-year follow-up was conducted on 140 schizophrenic patients consecutively discharged from the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Gunma University Hospital, between 1958 and 1962, and 130 patients (93%) were successfully evaluated. Of these patients, 105 were still living, and the longitudinal courses could be fully observed in 98. With regard to the social outcome of the 105 patients, 47% were assessed as 'self-supportive’ whereas 31% were ‘hospitalised‘. As for psychopathological outcome, 31% were ‘recovered’, 46% were ‘improvead’, and 23% were ‘unimproved‘. In the studies of the longitudinal courses of the 98 patients, fluctuating courses of social adjustment were the most numerous in the early stages, whereas in the later stages many of the patients showed differentiation in one of two directions, namely the 'stable self-supportive’ state and the ‘chronic institutionalised’ state. However, this form of differentiation was not revealed in the distribution of psychopathological ‘end states'.

Marital Adjustment and Treatment Outcome in Agoraphobia

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Monteiro ◽  
Isaac M. Marks ◽  
Elizabeth Ramm
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Work Adjustment ◽  
Exposure Treatment ◽  
Sexual Adjustment ◽  
Individual Exposure ◽  
Good Outcome ◽  
Initial Work

SummaryForty agoraphobics had individual exposure treatment over a period of 28 weeks and were followed up for two years. Outcome in the 27 married patients was as favourable as that in the 13 single patients. However, among the married patients greater improvement occurred in those with better initial marital and sexual adjustment although even those with poor initial marital adjustment improved significantly during treatment and maintained that improvement during follow-up. Good initial work adjustment and social adjustment were also predictive of particularly good outcome. Reduction of phobias was accompanied by stable or improved marital, sexual, social and work adjustment.

scholarly journals Prognosis of adolescent partial syndromes of eating disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Patton ◽  
Carolyn Coffey ◽  
John B. Carlin ◽  
Lena Sanci ◽  
Susan Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundPartial syndromes of eating disorder are common in adolescents but the health significance of these syndromes remains uncertain.AimsTo document the health and social adjustment in young adulthood of females assessed as having a partial syndrome of eating disorder in adolescence.MethodA community sample of 1943 participants was tracked over 10 years in an eight-wave cohort study. A partial syndrome was defined as the fulfilment of at least two DSM-IV criteria for either anorexia or bulimia nervosa at one assessment or more between the ages of 15 years and 17 years.ResultsPartial syndromes were found in 9.4% of 15- to 17-year-old female participants and 1.4% of males. There were few instances of progression of partial syndromes to fully fledged anorexia and bulimia nervosa. However, among those with partial syndromes depressive and anxiety symptoms were two to three times higher in young adulthood, substance misuse was common, and a majority of those with a partial syndrome of anorexia nervosa were still underweight in their mid-20s.ConclusionsGiven the level of subsequent psychopathology and social role impairment, there may be justification for initiating trials of preventive and early clinical intervention strategies for adolescent partial syndromes.

Significance of Positive and Negative Syndromes in Chronic Schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Kay ◽  
L. A. Opler ◽  
A. Fiszbein
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Developmental Impairment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patient Stay ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Positive and negative syndromes were studied in relation to demographic, historical, genealogical, clinical, psychometric, extrapyramidal, and follow-up measures of 101 chronic schizophrenic patients. The criterion scales proved to be reliable, normally distributed, and strongly correlated with general psychopathology, but otherwise inversely related to one another. Multiple regression analysis identified sets of 4–6 independent variables that explained 74%-81 % of the scales' variance. A positive syndrome was associated chiefly with productive features, family history of sociopathy, more previous hospital admissions, and longer in-patient stay during the 30-month follow-up period. A negative syndrome correlated with deficits in cognitive, affective, social, and motor spheres, higher incidence of major psychiatric illness but less affective disorder among relatives, lower education, and greater cognitive developmental impairment. The results underscore the importance of genetic and biodevelopmental variables for understanding schizophrenic syndromes.

One-year follow-up of schizophrenic patients treated with Risperidone or classical neuroleptics: a prospective, randomized, multicentered open-study

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. S253 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Bouchard ◽  
E. Pourcher ◽  
C. Mérette ◽  
M.F. Demers ◽  
J. Villeneuve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Study ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year

Psychotic and neurotic depression: discriminant function analysis and five-year outcome

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. M. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Case Record

SYNOPSISA consecutive series of 94 patients recently admitted to hospital from a defined catchment area and diagnosed as having a depressive illness were examined using standardized techniques for eliciting mental state, etc. The overlap between psychotic and neurotic diagnoses was 8·5% on discriminant function analysis of mental state items. A sub-sample of 71 patients was given a comprehensive postal and case record follow-up 5 years later. When patients developing organic and other complicating illnesses were excluded, those suffering from psychotic depression showed a significantly poorer outcome, as defined by relapse and required lengths of hospital care, than those diagnosed as suffering from neurotic depression.

Social Support and Post Hospital Outcome for Depressed Women

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 612-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Goering ◽  
D. Wasylenki ◽  
W. Lancee ◽  
S.J.J. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Aftercare Services ◽  
Hospital Outcome ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Discharged Patients

In a larger follow-up study of discharged patients, a subgroup of 87 women with non-psychotic disorders had an unexpectedly poor outcome at six months with regard to readmissions, symptoms and social adjustment. The only factor which distinguished those who had been readmitted was lack of social support. Lack of social support was also related to poor symptom and social adjustment outcomes. There were considerable difficulties with social functioning independent of high symptoms. The adequacy of aftercare services is questioned in the light of these findings.

scholarly journals Implementation of an Educational Intervention to Optimize Self-Management and Transition Readiness in Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 3536-3536
Author(s):  
Cecelia Calhoun ◽  
Regina Abel ◽  
Hai Anh Pham ◽  
Shomari Thompson ◽  
Allison A King
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Transition Readiness

Abstract Background: The transition from the pediatric setting to adult care is a challenge for many adolescents with chronic disease. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) represent a unique cohort as the timing of psychosocial development of adolescence often coincides with worsening end organ damage. Previously, we used the Adolescent Autonomy Checklist (AAC) modified to include SCD specific tasks that patients with SCD need to practice in order to transition to adult healthcare and independent living. This study sought to use the AAC to measure the effects of skill based educational handouts on improving self-management and transition readiness in adolescents with SCD. Methods: This was a single center, retrospective study approved by the Washington University Institutional Review Board. Inclusion criteria were patients with SCD, age 13-21 years, and completion of pre and post assessments. As standard care, patients from a pediatric hematology clinic completed the AAC-SCD. The AAC-SCD assesses skill level in twelve domains (Table). The tool includes 100 items, and users check "can do already" or "needs practice" for each item. After review with the coordinator, participants were given skill-based handouts based on up to five noted deficits. Patients completed the AAC-SCD at the subsequent clinic visit. In addition to baseline and follow up AAC-SCD data, medical and demographic data were collected via chart abstraction. All data were entered into SPSS for statistical analysis, including descriptives, paired sample T-tests, and bivariate Pearson's correlations. Results: A total of 61 patients completed baseline and follow up. Of those participants, 49.2% were female. The mean age was 15.4 (+ 2.2) years. The genotypic distribution was as follows: 67.2% HbSS, 19.7% HbSC, 3.3% HbS-beta-thal+ and 9.8% HbS-beta-thal0. The majority of patients received healthcare coverage via Medicaid (52.5%), private insurance (45.6%) and 1.6% had no insurance coverage. Twenty-five patients (42.0 %) had a history of stroke or silent cerebral infarct and 34 (55.7%) were currently taking or were previously prescribed hydroxyurea. Formal academic support (IEP or 504 Plan) was reported for 20 (32.8%) of patients. At baseline, patients needed the most help with skills in the kitchen, housekeeping, personal care and leisure. Statistically significant improvements (p< 0.05) occurred in skills related to laundry, housekeeping, healthcare, sexual development and living arrangements. Modest sized and statistically significant correlation between the receipt of the educational handouts and decreased number of items marked "needs help" occurred in the areas of money management (r=-0.27, p=0.044), vocational skills (r=-0.27, p=0.046;) and laundry (r=0.32, p=0.015). A post hoc analysis by age groups 13-15 (n= 34),16-18 (n=24) and 19-21 (n=3) showed a decreased amount of items marked "needs help" in the areas of sexual development for both 13-15 year olds (r=0.42, p=0.024) and 16-18 year olds (r=0.93, p=0.001) as well. Conclusion: Transition skills improved over time among adolescents with SCD. While we cannot say for certain if gains in knowledge occur with age as development progresses or if a formal transition program can be credited, providing educational materials on transition related skills within a clinic setting was associated with significant improvements in three of the domains. Our preliminary data offers insight into what skill deficits may be most amenable to educational interventions based on age group. As is the case with medical management, the development of a multimodal intervention is needed to prepare adolescents with SCD to transition to adult care and independent living. Clinic based education is a simple intervention that could be one component of future approaches to transition. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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