The Prediction of the Course of Minor Psychiatric Disorders

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Huxley ◽  
D. P. Goldberg ◽  
G. P. Maguire ◽  
V. A. Kincey
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

SummaryRecent studies have suggested that psychosocial factors play an important part in the prediction of the course of minor psychiatric disorders. Fifty-nine new psychiatric out-patients suffering from minor disorders were assessed, using standardized clinical and social interviews, and 52 were followed up after one year and the clinical assessment repeated. Social and clinical factors were equally important predictors of the number of months ill in the survey year, but social and constitutional variables were superior in the prediction of percentage change in symptoms over the year.The results of correlation, factor and multiple regression analyses suggest that the course of minor psychiatric disorder is best predicted by three sets of variables which are, in order of importance, the patient's material social circumstances, his clinical symptoms and his ‘genetic risk’ scores.

scholarly journals Genetic risk scores for major psychiatric disorders and the risk of postpartum psychiatric disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E. Bauer ◽  
Xiaoqin Liu ◽  
Enda M. Byrne ◽  
Patrick F. Sullivan ◽  
Naomi R. Wray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Genetic Risk Scores ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Postpartum Disorders ◽  
Postpartum Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract Postpartum psychiatric disorders are heritable, but how genetic liability varies by other significant risk factors is unknown. We aimed to (1) estimate associations of genetic risk scores (GRS) for major depression (MD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) with postpartum psychiatric disorders, (2) examine differences by prior psychiatric history, and (3) compare genetic and familial risk of postpartum psychiatric disorders. We conducted a nested case-control study based on Danish population-based registers of all women in the iPSYCH2012 cohort who had given birth before December 31, 2015 (n = 8850). Cases were women with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder or a filled psychotropic prescription within one year after delivery (n = 5829 cases, 3021 controls). Association analyses were conducted between GRS calculated from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium discovery meta-analyses for MD, BD, and SCZ and case-control status of a postpartum psychiatric disorder. Parental psychiatric history was associated with postpartum psychiatric disorders among women with previous psychiatric history (OR, 1.14; 95% CI 1.02–1.28) but not without psychiatric history (OR, 1.08; 95% CI: 0.81–1.43). GRS for MD was associated with an increased risk of postpartum psychiatric disorders in both women with (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.19–1.74) and without (OR, 1.88; 95% CI: 1.26–2.81) personal psychiatric history. SCZ GRS was only minimally associated with postpartum disorders and BD GRS was not. Results suggest GRS of lifetime psychiatric illness can be applied to the postpartum period, which may provide clues about distinct environmental or genetic elements of postpartum psychiatric disorders and ultimately help identify vulnerable groups.

Culture-related specific psychiatric syndromes

2012 ◽  
pp. 979-986
Author(s):  
Wen-Shing Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Formation Reaction ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Stress Formation ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

In certain ways, all psychiatric disorders are more or less influenced by cultural factors, in addition to biological and psychological factors, for their occurrence and manifestation. ‘Major’ psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders) are more determined by biological factors and relatively less by psychological and cultural factors, but ‘minor’ psychiatric disorders (such as anxiety disorders, conversion disorders, or adjustment disorders) are more subject to psychological causes as well as cultural factors. In addition to this, there are groups of psychiatric disorders that are heavily related to and influenced by cultural factors, and therefore addressed as culture-related specific psychiatric syndromes. Even though the encounter of culture-related specific psychiatric disorder in our daily psychiatric practice is relatively rare, the purpose of examining such specific syndromes has its significant purpose and implications. Through such unique examples, it helps us to appreciate the cultural attribution to the stress formation, reaction pattern, symptom manifestation, occurrence of frequency of disorders, and reaction to the disorders. It also concerns how to work on therapy for the disorder by complying patient’s cultural background.

One-Year Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorder in Ontarians 15 to 64 Years of Age

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Offord ◽  
Michael H Boyle ◽  
Dugal Campbell ◽  
Paula Goering ◽  
Elizabeth Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Health Budget ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

Objective: To present the one-year prevalence of 14 psychiatric disorders in a community sample of Ontarians aged 15 to 64 years. Method: Data on psychiatric disorders were collected on 9953 respondents using the University of Michigan revision of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (UM-CIDI). DSM-III-R criteria were used to define the psychiatric disorders. Results: Almost 1 in 5 Ontarians (18.6%) had one or more of the disorders measured in the survey. Among 15- to 24-year-olds, 1 in 4 was affected. The distribution of individual disorders varied by sex and age. Conclusion: Because of the immense burden of suffering associated with psychiatric disorders, clinical and research efforts in this area should receive high priority within the health budget.

scholarly journals Delineating genetic and familial risk for psychopathology in the ABCD study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare E Palmer ◽  
Robert John Loughnan ◽  
Carolina Makowski ◽  
Wesley Thompson ◽  
Deanna Barch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Predictors

Psychiatric disorders place a huge burden on those affected and their families, as well as society. Nearly all psychiatric disorders have a heritable component and lifetime prevalence rates of several disorders are higher among first degree biological relatives of individuals with a diagnosis. Given that many psychiatric disorders have their onset in adolescence, estimating genetic risk during childhood may identify at-risk individuals for early intervention that can reduce this burden. Here we measured genetic risk for psychopathology using both polygenic risk scores (PRS) and family history in a large typically developing sample of 9-10 year old children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) StudySM and determined associations with a large battery of behavioural phenotypes. By including all genetic risk predictors in the same model, we were able to delineate unique behavioral associations across these measures. Polygenic risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and depression (DEP) was associated with unique patterns of both externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Family history of conduct problems, depression and anxiety/stress additionally predicted unique behavioral variance across similar measures. These findings provide important insight into the potential predictive utility of PRS and family history in early adolescence and suggest that they may be signaling differential, additive information that could be useful for quantifying risk during development.

scholarly journals Multiomic blood correlates of genetic risk identify presymptomatic disease alterations

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21813-21820
Author(s):  
Michael Wainberg ◽  
Andrew T. Magis ◽  
John C. Earls ◽  
Jennifer C. Lovejoy ◽  
Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Networks ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
High Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Transitions from health to disease are characterized by dysregulation of biological networks under the influence of genetic and environmental factors, often over the course of years to decades before clinical symptoms appear. Understanding these dynamics has important implications for preventive medicine. However, progress has been hindered both by the difficulty of identifying individuals who will eventually go on to develop a particular disease and by the inaccessibility of most disease-relevant tissues in living individuals. Here we developed an alternative approach using polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 54 diseases and complex traits coupled with multiomic profiling and found that these PRSs were associated with 766 detectable alterations in proteomic, metabolomic, and standard clinical laboratory measurements (clinical labs) from blood plasma across several thousand mostly healthy individuals. We recapitulated a variety of known relationships (e.g., glutamatergic neurotransmission and inflammation with depression, IL-33 with asthma) and found associations directly suggesting therapeutic strategies (e.g., Ω-6 supplementation and IL-13 inhibition for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and influences on longevity (leukemia inhibitory factor, ceramides). Analytes altered in high-genetic-risk individuals showed concordant changes in disease cases, supporting the notion that PRS-associated analytes represent presymptomatic disease alterations. Our results provide insights into the molecular pathophysiology of a range of traits and suggest avenues for the prevention of health-to-disease transitions.

Genetic liability to suicide attempt, suicide death, and psychiatric and substance use disorders on the risk for suicide attempt and suicide death: a Swedish national study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Henrik Ohlsson ◽  
Eve K. Mościcki ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Alexis C. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
National Study ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Suicide Death ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background How does genetic liability to suicide attempt (SA), suicide death (SD), major depression (MD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SZ), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorder (DUD) impact on risk for SA and SD? Methods In the Swedish general population born 1932–1995 and followed through 2017 (n = 7 661 519), we calculate family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for SA, SD, MD, BD, SZ, AUD, and DUD. Registration for SA and SD was assessed from Swedish national registers. Results In univariate and multivariate models predicting SA, FGRS were highest for SA, AUD, DUD, and MD. In univariate models predicting SD, the strongest FGRS were AUD, DUD, SA, and SD. In multivariate models, the FGRS for SA and AUD were higher in predicting SA while the FGRS for SD, BD, and SZ were higher in predicting SD. Higher FGRS for all disorders significantly predicted both younger age at first SA and frequency of attempts. For SD, higher FGRS for MD, AUD, and SD predicted later age at SD. Mediation of FGRS effects on SA and SD was more pronounced for SD than SA, strongest for AUD, DUD, and SZ FGRS and weakest for MD. Conclusions FGRS for both SA and SD and for our five psychiatric disorders impact on risk for SA and SD in a complex manner. While some of the impact of genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders on risk for SA and SD is mediated through developing the disorders, these risks also predispose directly to suicidal behaviors.

Sick-Leave due to Psychiatric Disorder: Higher Incidence among Women and Longer Duration for Men

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnel Hensing ◽  
Kristina Alexanderson ◽  
Peter Allebeck ◽  
Per Bjurulf
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

BackgroundWomen take sick-leave more often than men, both in general and because of psychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study was to introduce the new dimension of sick-leave duration in the analysis of gender differences in minor psychiatric disorders.MethodA population-based register was used which included all sick-leave spells exceeding seven consecutive days, 1985–1987, in a Swedish county.ResultsSick-leave duration was longer for men. The greatest gender differences were found in the youngest and oldest age-groups. Women had higher incidence also in the longest spells. An increase in duration over the three years was found among women, leading to decreased gender differences.ConclusionsContrary to other studies on minor psychiatric disorders, small gender differences were found. It is suggested that sick-leave duration can be used as a quantitative measure of health-related working capacity.

scholarly journals Genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders and risk of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Chen ◽  
Yu Zeng ◽  
Chen Suo ◽  
Huazhen Yang ◽  
Yilong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk

AbstractBackgroundPre-pandemic psychiatric disorders have been associated with an increased risk of COVID-19. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, e.g. to what extent genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders contributes to the observed association.MethodsThe analytic sample consisted of white British participants of UK Biobank registered in England, with available genetic data, and alive on Jan 31, 2020 (i.e., the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in the UK) (n=346,554). We assessed individuals’ genetic predisposition to different psychiatric disorders, including substance misuse, depression, anxiety, and psychotic disorder, using polygenic risk score (PRS). Diagnoses of psychiatric disorders were identified through the UK Biobank hospital inpatient data. We performed a GWAS analysis for each psychiatric disorder in a randomly selected half of the study population who were free of COVID-19 (i.e., the base dataset). For the other half (i.e., the target dataset), PRS was calculated for each psychiatric disorder using the discovered genetic variants from the base dataset. We then examined the association between PRS of each psychiatric disorder and risk of COVID-19, or severe COVID-19 (i.e., hospitalization and death), using logistic regression models. The ascertainment of COVID-19 was through the Public Health England dataset, the UK Biobank hospital inpatient data and death registers, updated until July 26, 2020. For validation, we repeated the PRS analyses based on publicly available GWAS summary statistics.Results155,988 participants (including 1,451 COVID-19 cases), with a mean age of 68.50 years at COVID-19 outbreak, were included for PRS analysis. Higher genetic liability forwards psychiatric disorders was associated with increased risk of both any COVID-19 and severe COVID-19, especially genetic risk for substance misuse and depression. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for any COVID-19 were 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.31) and 1.26 (1.11-1.42) among individuals with a high genetic risk (above the upper tertile of PRS) for substance misuse and depression, respectively, compared with individuals with a low genetic risk (below the lower tertile). Largely similar ORs were noted for severe COVID-19 and similar albeit slightly lower estimates using PRSs generated from GWAS summary statistics from independent samples.ConclusionIn the UK Biobank, genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19, including severe course of the disease. These findings suggest the potential role of genetic factors in the observed phenotypic association between psychiatric disorders and COVID-19, underscoring the need of increased medical surveillance of for this vulnerable population during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Genetic overlap between schizophrenia and developmental psychopathology: a longitudinal approach applied to common childhood disorders between age 7 and 15 years

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel G. Nivard ◽  
Suzanne H. Gage ◽  
Jouke J. Hottenga ◽  
Catherina E.M. van Beijsterveldt ◽  
Abdel Abdellaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Genetic Etiology ◽  
Childhood Disorders ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Shared Genetic

AbstractVarious non-psychotic psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence can precede the onset of schizophrenia, but the nature of this relationship remains unclear. We investigated to what extent the association between schizophrenia and psychiatric disorders in childhood is explained by shared genetic risk factors.Polygenic risk scores (PRS), reflecting an individual’s genetic risk for schizophrenia, were constructed for participants in two birth cohorts (2,588 children from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) and 6,127 from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children (ALSPAC)). The associations between schizophrenia PRS and measures of anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) were estimated at age 7, 10, 12/13 and 15 years in the two cohorts. Results were then meta-analyzed, and age-effects and differences in the associations between disorders and PRS were formally tested in a meta-regression.The schizophrenia PRS was associated with childhood and adolescent psychopathology Where the association was weaker for ODD/CD at age 7. The associations increased with age this increase was steepest for ADHD and ODD/CD. The results are consistent with a common genetic etiology of schizophrenia and developmental psychopathology as well as with a stronger shared genetic etiology between schizophrenia and adolescent onset psychopathology.A multivariate meta-analysis of multiple and repeated observations enabled to optimally use the longitudinal data across diagnoses in order to provide knowledge on how childhood disorders develop into severe adult psychiatric disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document